LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2018 ANCIENT GREEK HIGHER LEVEL

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1 2018. M2 LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2018 ANCIENT GREEK HIGHER LEVEL (400 marks) MONDAY, 18 JUNE

2 1. Answer Section A or Section B: [50] A. Translate into Greek: Theodorus was present when a sophist was speaking about the laws. We should not make laws, he said, that seem good to the many. For the wise are always few, and fools many. However Theodorus said that he did not agree, and that many who praised him did not really believe him. Then let us vote, answered the sophist. Soon it was clear that all the other citizens agreed with the sophist. Smiling, Theodorus said, I am the winner; for the few are wiser than the many. Theodorus: o9 Qeo/dwroj ( ou). sophist: o9 sofisth/j ( ou=). I agree with: o9mologe/w (+ Dative Case). I vote: yhfi/zomai. B. Read the following passage and answer, in English, all the questions which follow: OR (As the polemarchs deal with their defeat by the Thebans at Leuctra, news of it reaches Sparta during the Gymnopaediae, a festival of singing and dancing that lasted several days.) meta_ de\ tau=ta, e0pei\ pa~sin e0do/kei u9pospo/ndouj tou\j nekrou\j a)nairei=sqai, oi9 pole/marxoi e1pemyan kh/ruka peri\ spondw~n. oi9 me/ntoi Qhbai=oi kai\ tropai=on e0sth/santo kai\ tou\j nekrou\j u9pospo/ndouj a)pe/dosan. genome/nwn de\ tou/twn, o9 me\n a)ggelw~n to\ pa&qoj ei0j th\n Lakedai/mona a)fiknei=tai Gumnopaidiw~n te ou1shj th=j teleutai/aj h9me/raj kai\ tou= a)ndrikou= xorou= e1ndon o1ntoj: oi9 de\ e1foroi e0pei\ h1kousan to\ pa&qoj, e0lupou=nto me/n, w#sper a)na&gkh: to\n me/ntoi xoro\n ou0k e0ch/gagon, a)lla_ diagwni/sasqai ei1wn. kai\ ta_ me\n o0no/mata pro\j tou\j oi0kei/ouj e9ka&stou tw~n teqnew&twn a)pe/dosan: proei=pan de\ tai=j gunaici\ mh\ poiei=n kraugh/n, a)lla_ sigh= to\ pa&qoj fe/rein. th= de\ u9sterai/a e0ch=n o9ra~n, w{n me\n e0te/qnasan oi9 prosh/kontej, liparou\j kai\ faidrou\j e0n tw ~ fanerw ~ a)nastrefome/nouj, w{n de\ zw~ntej h0ggelme/noi h]san, o0li/gouj a@n ei]dej, tou/touj de\ skuqrwpou\j kai\ tapeinou\j periio/ntaj. u9po/spondoj: under a truce. e1ndon: i.e. in the theatre. diagwni/zomai: I finish the contest. kraugh/: lamentation. oi9 prosh/kontej: relatives. liparo/j: bright. faidro/j: cheerful. skuqrwpo/j: sullen. tapeino/j: depressed. (a) After the battle, what did it seem good to all of the polemarchs to do? How did they try to do it? (7) (b) What two actions did the Thebans take then? (6) (c) At what point in the Gymnopaediae festival did news of the disaster reach Sparta? What was happening in the theatre? (7) (d) What reaction did the ephors express? However what did they not do? (7) (e) What did the ephors then disclose, and to whom? (7) (f) What two instructions did the ephors give to the women? (6) (g) When were the bright and cheerful people seen? (4) (h) How many relatives of those reported as living would you see? What were they doing? (6) Leaving Certificate Examination,

3 2. Translate into English one passage from Section A and one passage from Section B: [180] (i) A. (The Peloponnesian force, led by King Agis, turns back at the Isthmus of Corinth because of earthquakes. Flooding causes destruction at Orobiae on Euboea and at Atalante.) tou= d' e0pigignome/nou qe/rouj Peloponnh/sioi kai\ oi9 cu/mmaxoi me/xri me\n tou= 0Isqmou= h]lqon, w(j e0j th\n 0Attikh\n e0sbalou=ntej, 1Agidoj tou= 0Arxida&mou h9goume/nou, Lakedaimoni/wn basile/wj. seismw~n de\ genome/nwn pollw~n, a)petra&ponto pa&lin kai\ ou0k e0ge/neto e0sbolh/. kai\ peri\ tou/touj tou\j xro/nouj, tw~n seismw~n katexo/ntwn, e0n 0Orobi/aij th=j Eu0boi/aj h9 qa&lassa e0panelqou=sa a)po\ th=j to/te ou1shj gh=j kai\ kumatwqei=sa e0ph=lqe th=j po/lewj me/roj ti, kai\ to\ me\n kate/kluse, to\ d' u9peno/sthse: kai\ qa&lassa nu=n e0sti, pro/teron ou]sa gh=. kai\ h9 qa&lassa a)nqrw&pouj die/fqeiren, o3soi mh\ e0du/nanto pro\j ta_ mete/wra a)nafugei=n. kai\ peri\ 0Atala&nthn th\n nh=son paraplhsi/a gi/gnetai e0pi/klusij: kai\ tou= te frouri/ou tw~n 0Aqhnai/wn parei=le kai\ du/o nau=j a)neilkusme/naj kate/acen. THUCYDIDES (90) kate/xw: I happen frequently. kumato/omai: I rise in a wave. to\ me\n to\ d' : partly partly. kataklu/zw: I flood. u9ponoste/w: I sink back. ta_ mete/wra: the high ground. paraplh/sioj: similar. e0pi/klusij: flood. frou/rion: fort. paraire/w (+ Genitive Case): I take away part of. a)nelkw: I drag ashore. kata&gnumi: I shatter, wreck. OR (ii) (Zeus, Poseidon, and Pluto divide their fatherʼs kingdom between them. The system of reward and punishment after death is explained, but Zeus is told wrong judgments are being made.) w#sper ga_r 3Omhroj le/gei, dienei/manto th\n a)rxh\n o9 Zeu\j kai\ o9 Poseidw~n kai\ o9 Plou/twn, e0peidh\ para_ tou= patro\j pare/labon. h]n ou]n no/moj o3de peri\ a)nqrw&pwn e0pi\ Kro/nou, kai\ a)ei\ kai\ nu=n e1ti e1stin e0n qeoi=j. tw~n ga\r a)nqrw&pwn o9 me\n dikai/wj kai\ o9si/wj to\n bi/on dielqw/n, e0peida_n teleuth/sh, ei0j maka&rwn nh/souj a)piw\n oi0kei= e0n pa&sh eu0daimoni/a e0kto\j kakw~n: o9 de\ a)di/kwj kai\ a)qe/wj to\n bi/on dielqw\n ei0j to\ th=j ti/sew&j te kai\ di/khj desmwth/rion, o4 dh\ Ta&rtaron kalou=si, e1rxetai. tou/twn de\ dikastai\ zw~ntej h]san zw&ntwn, dika&zontej e0kei/nh th= h9me/ra h[ me/lloien teleuta~n, w3ste kakw~j ai9 di/kai polla/kij e0kri/nonto. o3 ou]n Plou/twn kai\ oi9 e0pimelhtai\ oi9 e0k maka&rwn nh/swn i0o/ntej e1legon pro\j to\n Di/a o3ti foitw~ e/n a!nqrwpoi e9kate/rwse a)na&cioi. PLATO (90) diane/momai: I divide. e0pi/ (+ Genitive Case): in the time of. o9si/wj: religiously. ma&kar: blessed. ti/sij: retribution. desmwth/rion: prison. me/llw: I am about to. e0pimelhth/j: overseer. foita&w: I go. e9kate/rwse: to each place. a)na&cioj: unworthy, undeserving. Leaving Certificate Examination,

4 B. (i) (Orestes has killed Aegisthus. His sister Electra, seeing Clytaemnestra approaching, encourages the wavering Orestes to keep to their plan and kill their mother also.) HL. OR. HL. OR. HL. OR. HL. OR. HL. OR. HL. OR. e0pi/sxej: e0mba&lwmen ei0j a!llon lo/gon. ti/ d'; e0k Mukhnw~n mw~n bohdro/mouj o9ra~ j; ou1k, a)lla_ th\n tekou=san h3 m' e0gei/nato. ti/ dh=ta drw~men; mhte/r' h] foneu/somen; mw~n s' oi]ktoj ei[le, mhtro\j w(j ei]dej de/maj; feu=: pw~j ga_r kta&nw nin, h3 m' e1qreye ka!teken; w#sper pate/ra so\n h3de ka)mo\n w!lesen. w} Foi=be, pollh/n g' a)maqi/an e0qe/spisaj o3pou d' 0Apo/llwn skaio\j h], ti/nej sofoi/; o3stij m' e1xrhsaj mhte/r', h4n ou0 xrh/, ktanei=n. bla&pth de\ dh\ ti/, patri\ timwrw~n se/qen; mhtrokto/noj nu=n feu/comai, to/q' a(gno\j w!n. EURIPIDES (90) e0pe/xw: I stop, wait. e0mba&llw: I embark. mw~n: surely not? boh/dromoj: bringing help. oi]ktoj: pity. de/maj: person. ka!teken = kai\ e1teken. ka)mo/n = kai\ e0mo/n. a)maqi/a: folly. qespi/zw: I prophesy. skaio/j: foolish. o3stij: you (Phoebus) who. xra&w: I order by oracle. timwre/w (+ Dative Case): I avenge. to/q : formerly. a(gno/j: pure, guiltless. OR (ii) (Agamemnon outlines the gifts and marriage prospects that Achilles can expect to have once the Greeks capture Troy and return home to Achaean Argos.) Trwi+a&daj de\ gunai=kaj e0ei/kosin au0to\j e9le/sqw, ai3 ke met' 0Argei/hn 9Ele/nhn ka&llistai e1wsin. ei0 de/ ken 1Argoj i9koi/meq' 0Axaii+ko/n, ou]qar a)rou/rhj, gambro/j ke/n moi e1oi: ti/sw de/ min i]son 0Ore/sth, o3j moi thlu/getoj tre/fetai qali/h e1ni pollh=. trei=j de/ moi/ ei0si qu/gatrej e0ni\ mega&rw e0u+ph/ktw, Xruso/qemij kai\ Laodi/kh kai\ 0Ifia&nassa, ta&wn h3n k' e0qe/lh si fi/lhn a)na&ednon a)ge/sqw pro\j oi]kon Phlh=oj: e0gw_ d' e0pi\ mei/lia dw&sw polla_ ma&l', o3ss' ou1 pw& tij e9h = e0pe/dwke qugatri/. HOMER (90) e0ei/kosin = ei1kosi. e9le/sqw: ʻlet him [i.e. Achilles] choose. ou]qar a)rou/rhj: fertile ploughland. gambro/j: son in law. ti/w: I honour. thlu/getoj: cherished. qali/h: abundance. me/garon: hall. e0u5phktoj: well built. a)na&ednoj: without a bride price. mei/lia: dowry gifts. Leaving Certificate Examination,

5 3. Answer either Section A or Section B in this question: [80] A. (i) Translate into English: (50) w#ste ou0d' ei1 me nu=n u9mei=j a)fi/ete 0Anu/tw a)pisth/santej, o4j e1fh h2 th\n a)rxh\n ou0 dei=n e0me\ deu=ro ei0selqei=n h1, e0peidh\ ei0sh=lqon, ou0x oi[o/n t' ei]nai to\ mh\ a)poktei=nai/ me, le/gwn pro\j u9ma~j w(j, ei0 diafeucoi/mhn, h1dh u9mw~n oi9 u9ei=j, e0pithdeu/ontej a$ Swkra&thj dida&skei, pa&ntej panta&pasi diafqarh/sontai, ei1 moi pro\j tau=ta ei1poite: w} Sw&kratej, nu=n me\n )Anu/tw ou0 peiso/meqa a)ll' a)fi/eme/n se, e0pi\ tou/tw me/ntoi, e0f' w{ te mhke/ti e0n tau/th th = zhth/sei diatri/bein mhde\ filosofei=n: e0a_n de\ a(lw~ j e1ti tou=to pra&ttwn, a)poqanh= ei0 ou]n me, o3per ei]pon, e0pi\ tou/toij a)fi/oite, ei1poim' a@n u9mi=n o3ti e0gw_ u9ma~j, w} a1ndrej 0Aqhnai=oi, a)spa&zomai me\n kai\ filw~, pei/somai de\ ma~llon tw ~ qew ~ h2 u9mi=n, kai\ e3wsper a@n e0mpne/w kai\ oi[o/j te w}, ou0 mh\ pau/swmai filosofw~n. THE INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION (ii) Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each: (30) (i) (a) Identify the charges that Socrates faced in his trial. Explain briefly if you feel they were justified. (b) Outline briefly the kind of philosophical conversation that Socrates might have had with you if you encountered him in ancient Athens. (c) How does Socrates distinguish himself from the Sophists? Do you agree that he is distinguishable from them? (d) Write a short note on any two of the following: Kriton; prytanis; Socrates inner voice. (e) Explain the mood of diafeucoi/mhn and the case of tw ~ qew~ underlined in the passage above. B. Translate into English: (50) a)ll' o3te dh\ to\ te/tarton e0pi\ krounou\j a)fi/konto, kai\ to/te dh\ xru/seia path\r e0ti/taine ta&lanta, e0n de\ ti/qei du/o kh=re tanhlege/oj qana&toio, th\n me\n 0Axillh=oj, th\n d' 3Ektoroj i9ppoda&moio, e3lke de\ me/ssa labw&n: r9e/pe d' 3Ektoroj ai1simon h]mar, w!xeto d' ei0j 0Ai5dao, li/pen de/ e9 Foi=boj 0Apo/llwn. Phlei5wna d' i3kane qea_ glaukw~pij 0Aqh/nh, a)gxou= d' i9stame/nh e1pea ptero/enta proshu/da: nu=n dh\ nw~i e1olpa, Dii6 fi/le fai/dim' 0Axilleu=, oi1sesqai me/ga ku=doj 0Axaioi=si proti\ nh=aj, 3Ektora dh w&sante ma&xhj a!ato/n per e0o/nta. ou1 oi9 nu=n e1ti g' e1sti pefugme/non a!mme gene/sqai, ou0d' ei1 ken ma&la polla_ pa&qoi e9ka&ergoj 0Apo/llwn proprokulindo/menoj patro\j Dio\j ai0gio/xoio. A WORLD OF HEROES (ii) Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each: (30) (a) Comment on the role played by the gods in Book 22 of the Iliad. (b) What kind of person is Hektor? Justify your answer with reference to Book 22. (c) Give a brief explanation of the oral nature of Homeric poetry. (d) Write a short note on any two of the following: Andromakhe; Priam; Deiphobos. (e) Scan the first line of the passage above. Mark the quantities and name the metre. Leaving Certificate Examination,

6 4. Answer three of the following questions. At least one question must be chosen from Section A and one question from Section B. The third question may be chosen from either Section A or Section B. (Each question carries thirty marks): [90] A. (i) (ii) Outline the main events in the Peloponnesian War after the end of the Sicilian Expedition. In your view, why did the Athenians lose? Write notes on any two of the following: Pylos and Sphacteria; Agesilaus; Epaminondas; battle of Issus. (iii) (iv) Describe briefly the career of Philip II of Macedon. What was his greatest achievement? Justify your answer. What were the main features of the ancient Spartan system of government? Explain briefly your own opinion of it. B. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Write briefly about the life and works of the dramatist who, in your view, made the greatest contribution to the development of drama in Athens during the fifth century BC. Justify your choice. You have been asked to write an article on Xenophon for a reference book. You should outline his life, name three of his works, briefly describe their content, and assess him as a writer. Making reference to a specific example, outline the main features of an ancient Greek theatre. Describe briefly what the experience of attending the theatre would have been like in ancient times. Having looked at Photographs A, B and C below, answer any two of the following questions: (a) (b) (c) Identify the order of architecture to which the temple in Photograph A belongs. Explain what makes it a characteristic example of its order. Identify the period from which the statues shown in Photograph B come. Comment on the features of these statues that are typical of their period. Identify whether the vase in Photograph C is Black Figure or Red Figure. Comment briefly on how the artist has portrayed the scene (three women prepare for a music session). Leaving Certificate Examination,

7 A. Leaving Certificate Examination,

8 B. Leaving Certificate Examination,

9 C. Photographs A, B and C are taken from Google Images. Leaving Certificate Examination,

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