New Manuscripts of the Divisiones Aristoteleae

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1 Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Library Research Grants Harold B. Lee Library 2012 New Manuscripts of the Divisiones Aristoteleae Justin Barney Brigham Young University - Provo, justin.barney@outlook.com Follow this and additional works at: BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Barney, Justin, "New Manuscripts of the Divisiones Aristoteleae" (2012). Library Research Grants. Paper This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Harold B. Lee Library at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Research Grants by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact scholarsarchive@byu.edu.

2 New Manuscript of the Divisiones Aristoteleae Introduction The following is one leaf of a manuscript containing a fragment of the work now called the Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae (DA). Of the sixty-nine divisions that are known from M (Marcianus gr. 257), our most complete manuscript, six (37-42) are preserved in the newly discovered copy. The manuscript (hereafter B) was acquired by the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University as a part of a three-volume collection on January 19, The DA is bound in the second volume and occupies ff Also contained in volume two are lectionaries, a portion (chs ) of the treatise Περὶ Μεθόδου Δεινότητος by Hermogenes of Tarsus, and several liturgical texts. This fragment of the DA is the first text to be published from the volume. 1) The manuscript is written in a single, early tenth-century miniscule hand. While the body of the text is written with miniscule letters, section headings are written in majiscules. The letters are scrupulously formed and display no discernable slope. All letters stand on the line, suggesting that the text was written in the first half of the tenthcentury, when scribes began forming characters below the scored line. 2) Comparanda include Harley MS 5694 (ca ); MS. Laud gr. 39 (early tenth-century); Laurentianus (tenth-century); and Clarke MS. 39 (AD 896). 3) Such an attribution would make B the earliest manuscript of the DA by three centuries. 4) The first line of each section displays reverse-indentation (ekthesis) to the width of one letter (always delta), which is written in the left gutter. Diacritical marks and marks of punctuation are regularly applied, though marks of diaeresis are absent. Accents are of the rounded type, and slight stylizations demarcate section headings. The leaf measures 200 x 130 mm. and the text is written in a single column. The scoring of the manuscript comports with Sautel s standard ruling type 20A1. 5) Dorandi has demonstrated that in comparing the extant manuscripts of the DA, two dominant groups emerge: a late pairing of manuscripts (LN) and a somewhat earlier pairing (AM). 6) Based upon textual evidence, it can be said with some certainty that manuscript B is closely related to manuscripts L (Leidensis Vossianus gr. Q 11) and N (Leidensis BPG 67C). While manuscripts A (Parisinus gr. 39) and M diverge from the readings of BLN throughout, LN stray from B s text only slightly. For disjunctive errors that suggest a division between the two sets of manuscripts, see H.8, 8-10; F.8-9, 12-3, 16. Moreover, where the text of A is wanting, the discrepancies between M and BLN often verify the genealogical distance between B and AM. Conjunctive readings that indicate an association of B with LN are shown in the apparatus wherever LN do not appear with an alternate reading. These readings are most instructive when AM diverge 1) Roger Macfarlane has edited volume one of the collection and [current state of project]. 2) See Barbour (1981, xxx). 3) Plates can be found in Thompson (1912, ) and Wilson (1973, 15). For Harley MS and Laurentianus 69.02, see digital images at, respectively, and 4) Diogenes Laertius transmits an earlier account, however it only preserves divisions 1-32, and may transmit its own, distinct corpus. Cf. Dorandi (2011, 145-8). 5) Cf. Sautel (1995, 45). For the significance of each component of the formula, (17-23). 6) See Dorandi 2011.

3 from B (see above). This affiliation between B and LN demonstrates that the LN family, as a distinct tradition, has older origins than was once supposed. 7) More detailed explanation of larger passages is provided in the commentary following the transcription. 7) The most recent representation of the manuscript tradition is given by Dorandi. In his schema, he imagines that the common source of LN (δ) was produced after M (2011, 637).

4 Transcription: Leaf II, Hair Side 1. καιοσύνη ἢ ἀνδρεία. θεωρητικῶν δὲ αἷς θεωροῦµεν τὸ τοιοῦτον, πότερον ταὐτόν ἐστι νόσος καὶ ὑγείᾳ καὶ εὐεξίᾳ ἢ ἕτερος, ἐριστικαὶ δὲ αἷ<ς> τοῦ ὄρους ἀναιροῦ- µεν, οἷον οὐκ ἐστιν εὐεξία ἕξις σωµάτων ἡ κρα- 5. τίστη. Διαίρεσις Λύπης: διαιρεῖται ἡ λύπη εἰς τρία. ἔστι γὰρ αὐτῆς ἕν µὲν ἐν οἷς προσήκει τὸν φρόνιµον λυπεῖσθαι, ἕν δὲ τὸ ἐπ ἀλλοτρίοις ἀγαθοῖς λυπεῖσθαι, ἕν δὲ τὸ ἐπὶ πάσιν ἀγαθοῖς καὶ κακοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς µηδὲν προ- 10. σήκουσιν λυπεῖσθαι. ἔστιν δὲ τὸ µὲν ἐφ οἷς προσήκει λυπεῖσθαι, οἵον ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ἀτυχήµασιν ἢ τῶν αὐτοῦ τινός οἰκεῖων ἢ φίλων ἢ τῆς ἁπάσης πολέως καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιοῦτων, τὸ δὲ ἐπ ἀλλοτρίοις ἀγαθοῖς λυπεῖσθαι ἔστιν φθόνος καὶ βασκα- 15. νία καὶ πάντων τῶν τοιοῦτων, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν κακοῖς τε καὶ ἀγαθοῖς καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς µηδὲν προσήκουσι λυπεῖσθαι, τὸ µὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς κακοῖς τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἔλεος, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς φθόνος, τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀλλοῖς τοῖς µηδὲν προ- 20. σήκουσι φθόνος καὶ βασκανία. Διαίρεσις Ἡδονῆς: διαιρεῖται ἡ ἡδονὴ εἰς τέσσαρα. ἔστι γὰρ αὐτῆς ἓν µὲν περὶ τὸ λογιστικόν, ἕν δὲ περὶ τὸ ἐπιθυµητικόν, ἕν δὲ περὶ τὸ θυµικόν, ἕν δὲ περὶ τὰς αἰσ- 25. θήσεις. ἔστιν δὲ τὸ λογιστικὸν εἴτε ἀπὸ τοῦ µανθάνειν καὶ ἀνευρίσκειν ἡδονὴ καὶ αἱ τοιαῦται περὶ δὲ τὸ θυµικὸν εἴτε τοῦ κρατεῖν καὶ νικᾶν καὶ ἐπιτι- 28. µωρεῖσθαι τό δὲ ἐπιθυµητικὸν οἷον ἀπὸ τρυφῆς 1-5. καιοσύνη...λύπης om. A 1. καιωσύνη, ἀνδρία, θεωρητικὸν, θεωροῦµε\ν/ B θεωρητικαὶ LN 2. ὑγία, ταὐτων B οἷον ante πότερον, νόσος ἐστὶν M καὶ ante ὑγείᾳ om. L 3. ἐριστικὴ B ὀριστικαὶ, τοὺς ὅρους LN δὲ om. L οὔ pro ἕτερος M ἕτερον N 4. ἢ om. N ἡ M, om. ἕξις 4-5. καλλίστη L 5. Διαίρεσις Λύπης om. MN 6. διαιρῆται B εἰς pro ἡ M 7. φρόνηµον, λοιπεῖσθαι B 8. τὸ ante ἐπ om. AΜ ἐπὶ τοῖς άλλοτρίοις ἀγαθοῖς καὶ κακοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς µηδὲν προσήκουσι ante λυπεῖσθαι AM ἕν δὲ... λυπεῖσθαι om. AM προσήκουσι LN ἔστιν δὲ... βασκανία om. A 10. ἔστι L 11. τὸν φρόνιµον ante λυπεῖσθαι add. M 12. ἁπάς\ης/ B συµπάσης M 13. ἐπ ἄλλων LN ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις M 14. ἔστι L φθόνος τις M 15. πᾶν τὸ τοιοῦτον M πᾶν τοιοῦτον L, om. τῶν, πᾶσιν πᾶσι M 16. πᾶσι L ἀγαθοῖς τε καὶ κακοῖς LN τε om. M 18. ἔλεως B 21. Διαίρεσις Ἡδονῆς om. AMN 22. διαιρῆται B δ A 23. λογικόν M δὲ om. N θυµικόν pro ἐπιθυµητικόν, ἐπιθυµητικόν pro θυµικόν A 24. ἓν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸ ἐπιθυµιτικὸν N ἕν δὲ περὶ τὸ θυµικόν om. M 25. ἥ τε pro εἴτε M, add. ἢ τὸ µανθάν(ειν) περὶ ante τὸ λογιστικὸν ἔστι, ἡ τε L ἤτε N 25-4 F. ἔστιν...ἐυταξίας om. A 26. ἡδονὴν L τὰ τοιαῦτα M 27. ἤτε LN οἷον ἡ τε M τοῦ ante νικᾶν add. L ἐπιτηµορεῖσθαι B ἀντιτιµωρεῖσθαι M 28. καὶ αἱ τοιαῦται αἱ δὲ περὶ τὸ ἐπιθυµητικὸν αἵ τε ἀπὸ τῆς τροφῆς M τρυφὴν N

5 Transcription: Leaf II, Flesh Side 1. καὶ συνουσίας καὶ αἱ τοιαῦται ἡδοναὶ γινόµεναι, ἡ δὲ περὶ τῶν αἰσθητικῶν, περὶ τὰς αἰσθήσεις οἷον εἴτε διὰ τοῦ ὁρᾶν καὶ γεύεσθαι καὶ ὀσφραίνεσθαι καὶ αἱ τοιαῦται ἡδοναί. Διαίρεσις Ἐυταξίας: 5. διαιρεῖται ἡ εὐταξία εἰς τέσσαρα. ἔστι γὰρ αὐτῆς ἓν µὲν περὶ ψυχήν, ἕν δὲ περὶ σῶµα, ἕν δὲ περὶ πλῆθος, ἕν δὲ περὶ κίνησιν. ἡ µὲν οὖν ἐν τῇ ψύχῃ εὐταξία γινοµένη κατάστασιν ποιῆται, ἡ δὲ ἐν σώµατι εὐταξί ἐγγινοµένη κάλλος καλεῖται, ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ πλή- 10. θει οἵον στρατοπέδῳ καὶ ἐλευθέροις καὶ οἰκέταις καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς τοιούτοις πειθαρχία εὐταξία προσαγορεύεται, ἡ δὲ ἐν κινήσει εὐταξία γινοµένη εὐρυθµία ὀνοµάζεται. Διαίρεσις Ἀταξίας: διαιρεῖται ἡ ἀταξία εἰς τέσσαρα. ἔστι γὰρ αὐτῆς 15. ἕν µὲν ἐν ψυχῇ, ἕν δὲ ἐν σώµατι, ἕν δὲ ἐν πλήθει, ἕν δὲ ἐν κινήσει. ἡ µὲν οὖν ἐν ψύχῃ ἀταξία γινοµένη, οἷον ἀσωτία ἀκολασία καλεῖται, ἡ δὲ ἐν σώµατι ἀταξία ἐγγινοµένη αἰσχρότης καλεῖται, ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ πλήθει ἀταξία ἀπειθαρχία καλεῖ- 20. ται, ἡ δὲ ἐν κινήσει ἀταξία ἀρυθµία προσαγορεύεται. Διαίρεσις τῷ Προβλήµατι τῷ ἐν Φιλοσοφίᾳ: διαιρεῖται τὰ ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ προβλήµατα εἰς πέντε. ἔστιν γὰρ αὐτῶν ἕν µὲν πολιτικόν, ἕν δὲ διαλεκτικόν, ἕν δὲ φυσικόν, ἕν δὲ ἠθικόν, ἕν δὲ ρη- 25. τορικόν. πολιτικὸν µὲν οὖν ἔστι τὸ ὑπὲρ νόµων καὶ τιµῶν καὶ τιµωριῶν προβαλλόµενον, οἴον πότερον δεῖ κολάζειν τὰ ξενικὰ ἁµαρτήµατα ἢ 28. τὰ πολιτικὰ ἢ ἀνόµοια καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα. 2. τὸ αἰσθητικὸν M 3. γεύγεσθαι, ὠσφραίνεσθαι B ἤτε LMN 4. ἡδοναί om. M Διαίρεσις Ἐυταξίας om. AMN 5. διαιρῆται B δ A 6. ψυχ(ήν) B 7. κινήσεις AL τῇ om. LN 8. γενοµένη B 8-9. κοσµιότης pro κάλλος AM, om. γινοµένη... εὐταξι κατάστασιν...ἐγγινοµένη om. LN 9. ἐγγινόµ\ε/(νη) B 10. στρατοπαίδῳ B στρατοπέπῳ, οἰκείαις N ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ σώµατι εὐταξία κάλλος καλεῖται. ἡ δὲ ἐν κινήσει εὐταξία εὐρυθµία ὀνοµάζεται ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ πλήθει οἷον ἡ πρὸς ἄρχοντας pro ἡ δὲ...τοιοῦτοις M ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ σώµατι κάλλος ἡ δὲ ἐν κινήσει εὐρυθµία ἡ δὲ ἐν τῷ πλήθει ὑπακοή pro ἡ δὲ...προσαγορεύεται A 12. ἡ δὲ περὶ σῶµα οἷον εὐµορφία εὐειδία καὶ ἡ τῶν µελῶν εὖ καὶ ἁρµοζόντως ἔχουσα θέσις ante ἡ δὲ ἐν add. L ἡ δὲ...ὀνοµάζεται om. AM 13. ἀταξία\ς/ B Διαίρεσις Ἀταξίας om. Vulg. 14. διαιρῆται B ὡσαύτως καὶ pro διαιρεῖται, δ A τῆς δὲ ἀταξίας pro διαιρεῖται... αὐτῆς L 15. ψυχή B ἔστιν ante ἐν add. L περὶ σῶµα περὶ ψυχήν περὶ πλήθος περὶ κίνησιν pro ἔστι...κινήσει A πλήθη B 16. add. τῇ ante ψύχῃ add. AM ἡ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀταξία ἀσωτία περὶ σῶµα αἰσχρότης A 17. ἐγγινοµένη M, om. οἷον, add. ἢ ante ἀκολασία ἀκολακία N 18. καλεῖται om. A γινοµένη, αἰσχρός τις pro. αἰσχρότης N ἀκολασία pro ἀταξία M, add. τῷ ante σώµατι, om. ἐγγινοµένη ἀταξία ἐγγινοµένη om. L 19. ἀπείθεια pro ἀπειθαρχία A ἀκολασία pro ἀταξία M καλεῖται... τοιαῦτα om. A 20. εὐρυθµία M, om. ἀταξία ἀριθµία N 21. προβληµάτω B, L ἐν om. L Διαίρεσις τῷ Προβλήµατι τῷ ἐν Φιλοσοφίᾳ om. MN 22. διαιρῆται, ε B 23. πολητικόν B ἔστι LMN 25. πολητικόν, νόµω(ν) B 26. τινῶν M, om. καὶ ante τιµωριῶν 27. δῆ B 28. πολητικὰ B τ ἄλλα N τἆλλα LM

6 COMMENTARY HAIR 1. καιοσύνη ἢ ἀνδρεία The leaf begins in the middle of division 37 (διαίρεσις µεθόδων). The initial word must be δικαιοσύνη. As indicated in the apparatus, the manuscript reads καιωσύνη, thus lengthening the omicron to omega. This and all other such instances of vowel alteration have been amended in the text and noted in the apparatus. 3. ἐριστικαί An undecipherable character precedes the epsilon in ἐριστικαί, which seems to be a scribal error. While the form approximates minuscule beta, it can be identified with none of the characters found in the remainder of the document. A smooth breathing mark ensures that no consonant (such as the proposed beta) was intended to precede the epsilon. Moreover, the breathing mark, while directly above the error, is consistent in its placement with breathing marks on epsilons throughout. 5. Διαίρεσις Λύπης This provides our first indication of the manuscript family of B. The section title Διαίρεσις Λύπης, as well as all other section headings excepting Διαίρεσις Ἀταξίας, is only present in L λυπεῖσθαι... λυπεῖσθαι Manuscripts A, M transmit the reading of a common source (Dorandi 1996 hypothesizes γ). Thus, A, M preserve a reading that results from the parablepsis of γ, who supposedly skipped over the text between λυπεῖσθαι (ln. 8) and λυπςῖσθαι (ln. 10). B preserves the fuller reading, which is also manifest in L and N. This further suggests a connection between B and L, N ἔστιν δὲ... βασκανία Manuscript A reflects a substantial abridgment of the DA text. 8) Where the text of A is lacking, we are left with only M to represent the common reading from γ. In such circumstances (H.1-5, 10-21; H.25-F.4; F.10-28), M indicates a divide between the two sets of manuscripts, being in substantial disagreement with B, L, and N. In lines 10-20, for example, note the variants of M in lines FLESH 8-9. εὐταξία γινοµένη... εὐταξί ἐγγινοµένη All other manuscripts record an abbreviated version of the text transmitted in B. In each MS, the abbreviation is caused by inadvertent parablepsis. Α, Μ record a reading that omits γινοµένη to εὐταξι, whereas L, N (Dorandi 2011 hypothesizes a common source δ), omits κατάστασιν to ἐγγινόµενη. The scribes of A, M (or of γ) errs in jumping from εὐταξία to εὐταξί, and the scribes of L, N (or of δ) commit a similar, though discrete error in in jumping from γινοµένη to ἐγγινοµένη. Α, Μ read κοσµιότης whereas L, N agree with B is reading κάλλος ἡ δὲ... προσαγορεύεται The readings of the manuscripts in this area of the text diverge greatly. N accords with the reading of B, but all other manuscripts differ. Α, Μ 8) For further discussion of the lacunose state of A, see Boudreaux (1909, 221-2).

7 preserve a reading that is entirely distinct from B. The variant readings of A, M follow the same general formula, but vary from one another in vocabulary and concision. L agrees with B, N where A, M provide alternate readings, but L adds to the text attested by them. 21. προβλήµατι The spelling has been corrected from the original reading of προβληµάτω, where the scribe mistakenly used the second declension ending of the dative singular rather than the third. The same mistake is made in L. 28. τὰ ἄλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα... The leaf terminates approximately halfway through division 42. 9) 9) [Acknowledgments to be added]

8 Bibliography Barbour, R Greek Literary Hands: A.D (Oxford: Clarendon Press) Boudreaux, P Un nouveau manuscrit des Divisiones Aristoteleae, RPh 33, Dorandi, T Le Leidensis BPG 67C et l histoire du texte des Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae. Mnemosyne 64, Ricerche sulla trasmissione delle Divisioni aristoteliche, in: Algra, K.A., van der Horst, P.W., Runia, D.T. (eds.) Polyhistor. Studies in the History of Historiography of Ancient Philosophy (Leiden), Sautel, J.H Répertoire de réglures dans les manuscrits grecs sur parchemin: base de donnée établie à l'aide du fichier Leroy. Bibliologia 13 Thompson, E.M An Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography (Oxford: Clarendon) Wilson, N Mediaeval Greek Bookhands: Examples Selected from Greek Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries. (Cambridge)