Nitro-Tetrazole and Its High Nitrogen-Contented Compounds

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1 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 22 No. 4 Apr * O TQ56 A X Nitro-Tetrazole and Its High Nitrogen-Contented Compounds Li Zhimin 1 Zhang Jianguo 1 Zhang Tonglai 1 Shu Yuanjie 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China 2. Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China Abstract Nitro-tetrazole and its high nitrogen-contented compounds are a family of important energetic materials which exhibit the excellent performance and distinctive structure character. Recently they have attracted more and more attention in the field of energetic materials due to their widely potential applications in the areas of primary explosives propellant burning catalyst high energy explosives gas-generating agents and so on. The structure of nitro-tetrazole and its thermal decomposition mechanism are discussed. The process in nitro-tetrazole and its salts as well as coordination complexes are reviewed in this paper in which the synthesis characterization and application about them are mainly summarized. Salts of nitro-tetrazole comprise of alkali metal salts alkaline earth metal salts transition metal salts amine salts and high nitrogen-contented azoles salts according to the difference of the cations. In addition the coordination compounds can be classified to coordination complex cations and coordination complex anions considering the coordinated mode. On this basis the development trends of the nitrotetrazole and its high nitrogen-contented compounds are prospected. Key words high nitrogen compounds green primary explosives nitro-tetrazole Contents 1 Introduction 2 Nitro-tetrazole Salts of nitro-tetrazole. 1 Alkali metal salts * No Corresponding author zhangjianguobit@ yahoo. com. cn

2 Alkaline earth metal salts. Transition metal salts. 4 Amine salts. 5 High nitrogen-contented azoles salts 4 Coordination complexes of nitro-tetrazole 4. 1 Coordination complex cations 4. 2 Coordination complex anions 5 Conclusion and prospects a e H H H BLYP 6-1G * C- N- 1H- 2H nitro-tetrazole 5-NT 5-1H- 5 2H- N N N C N N- RDX 6 HMX 4 CL-20 6 N H CH 2 N % 6 1H- 5C H 1N H 2H- 5H- 5H- H K a = H N- Koldobskii % Klap tke 16 5

3 % X 5- -2H RDX HMX CL Table 1 Selected crystallographic data of nitro-tetrazole 16 formula CHN 5 O 2 crystal system monoclinic space group P2 1 a / b / c / β / V / Z 4 ρ / g cm N 2N 2 2 4N 5C 197 Herz N 2N Scheme 1 5-1N 2N 4N 5C 5- CuH 5-NT 5-1N 2N CuH 5-NT

4 Table 2 Physical chemical and energetic properties of salts of nitro-tetrazole 20 formula Li 5-NT H 2 O Na 5-NT 2H 2 O K 5-NT Rb 5-NT Cs 5-NT impact / J 25 > friction / N 24 ~ 60 < 5 < 5 < 5 flame explodes explodes explodes explodes explodes Dec. / ρ / g cm Δ c U / cal g Δ c H / kj mol Δ f H / kj mol Klap tke 20 Scheme Table 5-19 Selected crystallographic data of alkali metal salts of 5-nitro-tetrazole 19 P1 4 P2 1 / c Cc C2 / c formula Li 5-NT H 2 O Na 5-NT 2H 2 O K 5-NT Rb 5-NT Cs 5-NT crystal system # mono. triclinic mono. mono. mono. space group P2 1 / c P 1 P2 1 / c Cc C2 / c a / b / c / α / β / γ / V / Z ρ / g cm #mono means crystal system of monoclinic.. 2 TNT TNT RDX 5 Klap tke Scheme

5 Scheme ml g h 5-5- RDX HMX PETN s J g m s g cm HMX CL CuHNT NT 2 4H 2 O 5- Ⅱ Spear 5- Scheme 4 2 Scheme g cm g cm g cm -. 2g cm - 5- RDX HMX C N Scheme 5 5- RDX HMX C N N N 5- Hg N m Hg O TNT RDX TNT

6 Scheme 5 1 Fig. 1 1 Synthesis of amine salts of 5-nitro-tetrazole Klap tke KI X P g cm - a = b = c = P2 1 / c P2 1 / c C2 / c P2 1 / n P2 1 P N O S

7 Cat x M NT y L 6-y Cat M NT 5- L H 2 O Huynh 41 Hiskey 4 Co Cu Fe Mg Ni Zn Cr 5- H NH Fig. 2 5-Nitro-tetrazolato-N2-ferrate coordination complex anions and representative cations Huynh Co Cu Ni Zn Co ClO - 4 NO - BrO - MnO - 4 N - 2 C NO 2 - N NO 2-2h 40 7

8 Ⅲ BNCP BNCP 1994 Sandia 5 DDT 5- Ⅲ CP CP Pb N 2 DDT 44 5 BNCP Co NH 4 CO NO CTCN 2. 5h Na N 4 CNO 2 NaNT 5- NaOH BNCP 44 BNCP P2 1 / n 45 a = b = β = c = V = Z = 4 Kissinger BNCP 178. kj mol - 1 Ozawa BNCP Talawar M B Sivabalan R Mukundan T et al. J. Hazard Mater Table 4 Sensitivity of nitro-tetrazole complexes 54 Dickson P M Field J E. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A item BNCP BNNP MNCuP MNZnP impact h 50% / cm friction / N BNCP kJ mol min - 1 BNCP % BNCP BNCP Talawar BNNP 5- MNZnP MNCuP 4 BNCPMNZnP Badgujar D M Talawar M B Asthana S N et al. J. Hazard. Mater Yang S Q Xu S L Lei Y P. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

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