FAS. 3T3- L1. fatty acid synthase FAS E. C FAS FAS FAS. C / EBPα

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1 Vol 27 Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences November No * Liu X X Tian W X Ma X F Inhibitory effects of strawberry extracts on animal fatty acid synthase J Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FAS FAS FAS A A HPLC-MS 3T3- L1 R285 5 fatty acid synthase FAS E C FAS NADPH A A FAS FAS FAS 1-3 Loftus FAS C75 C75 FAS A Y FAS FAS 4 5 γ PPARγ CCAAT / C / EBPα FAS 6 FAS RNA FAS C / EBPα PPARγ mrna FAS FAS * O95101PY00 maxiaofeng@ gucas ac cn

2 FAS Fragaria ananassa Duch Daniel EM 8 Shiow Y A549 JB6 P + TPA 9 FAS FAS A Ac-CoA A Mal-CoA Ⅱ NADPH DTT DMSO 5- IAF DTNB 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine IBMX Insulin Dexamethasone O catechin quercetin kaempferol HPLC Sigma TOMY GL-20 CPZOBZ Ultrospec 4300 pro UV-Vis spectrophotometer CS501-SP HPLC-MS Agilent 1100 Agilent LC / MSD Trap XCT ESI 4000V 100 ~ 2000m / z 40psi 10L / min 325 DEAE DE-23 Whatman Blue Sephorose 6B Sephadex-LH20 Pharmacia FW AB DW-1 Philips HR1861 RE52 SHB-Ⅲ KQ300B Shimazu AY120 FAS Tian 10 FAS SDS- 1 2 SF SL 95% 75% 50% 25% h 50% FAS mmol / L KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 1mmol / L EDTA 1mmol / L DTT ph7 0 5μmol / L Ac-CoA 10μmol / L Mal-CoA 35 μmol / L NADPH ~ 20 μg FAS 2mL - NADPH 340 nm FAS

3 mmol / L KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 1 mmol / L EDTA ph mmol / L 35 μmol / L NADPH μg FAS 2 ml - NADPH 340 nm FAS A A 0 A / A 0 Remaining activity R A R A FAS 50% IC FAS 25 A t A 0 A t / A 0 R A k obs k obs / I 1 5 HPLC HPLC nm T3-L1 3T3-L1 3mL 2d 2d 4 ~ 6d 520nm FAS SF SL 7 FAS 1 a IC 50 50% 23 26mg / L SF 7 46mg / L SL SF SL 50% FAS IC 50 1 b IC mg / L SF 2 55mg / L SL FAS 50% 50% SF-AE SL-AE 2 2 SF-AE SL-AE FAS SF-AE SL-AE FAS KR 2 SF-AE KR IC SL-AE KR 20 KR FAS

4 % 5 75% 6 50% 7 25% FAS IC 50 a FAS FAS IC 50 b 50% FAS 1 FAS IC 50 SF-AE IC 50 = 1 61mg / L KR IC 50 = 20 18mg / L SL-AE IC 50 = 2 55mg / L KR IC 50 = 48 07mg / L 2 SF-AE SL-AE FAS KR IC SL-AE FAS SF SL FAS

5 SF-AE SL-AE FAS 3 FAS k obs / I = min - 1 g / L - 1 SF-AE FAS SL-AE FAS 2 4 SF-AE SL-AE SF-AE SL-AE FAS FAS 3 A Ac-CoA A Mal-CoA FAS 380mg / L SL-AE NADPH 4 SF-AE Ac g / L k obs = 0 005min - 1 CoA NADPH 3 SL-AE FAS Mal-CoA Mal-CoA SF-AE Ac-CoA Mal-CoA NADPH 2 5μmol / L 10μmol / L 32μmol / L a Ac-CoA SF-AE 0mg / L 2 0mg / L 4 7mg / L 6 7mg / L b Mal-CoA SF-AE 0mg / L 1 4mg / L 2 5mg / L 4 5mg / L c NADPH SF-AE 0mg / L 1 4mg / L 2 5mg / L 4 0mg / L SL-AE Ac-CoA Mal-CoA NADPH 2 5μmol / L 10μmol / L 32μmol / L d Ac-CoA SL-AE 0mg / L 1 7mg / L 3 3mg / L 6 0mg / L e Mal-CoA SL-AE 0mg / L 3 0mg / L 5 3mg / L 7 5mg / L f NADPH SL-AE 0mg / L 2mg / L 4 2mg / L 6 7mg / L 4 SF-AE SL-AE FAS

6 6 773 K is = 1 SF-AE SL-AE FAS 4 50mg / L K is mg / L K ii mg / L SF-AE SL-AE SF-AE SL-AE SF-AE SL-AE K ii = 4 14mg / L 1 2 Ac-CoA / Mal-CoA SL-AE Ac- CoA Mal-CoA NADPH NADPH 2 5 SF-AE SL-AE HPLC ESI-MS SF-AE SL-AE 5 HPLC 5 a SF-AE HPLC 5 b SF-AE Rt = Rt = SF-AE ESI-MS 2 a HPLC b SF-AE HPLC c SL-AE HPLC HPLC Agilent 1100 Inertsil ODS3 250mm 4 6mm 5μm A -0 1% B 0 ~ 60min A 3% ~ 30% B 97% ~ 70% 60 ~ 80min A 30% ~ 55% B 70% ~ 45% 80 ~ 85min A 55% B 45% 1mL / min nm 5 SF-AE SL-AE HPLC

7 HPLC-MS SF-AE / min / ESI + % ESI Caffeoyl-glucose Galloyl-HHDP glucose nd 325 p-coumaroyl-glucoside nd 175 C Vitamin C nd Peonidin -araboside nd nd unknown nd Ellagic acid deoxyhexose Tetragalloyl glucose Coumaroyl-glucoside Ellagic acid nd 447 Kaempferol hexose nd - Kaempferol glucuronide unknown unknown nd nd quercetine 302 SF-AE SL-AE 5 c 3 SF-AE SL-AE HPLC-MS 5 HPLC SF-AE SL-AE 5 SF-AE SL-AE 4 5 SF-AE SL-AE 63 25% 68 87% / / ESI + min % 3 ESI - HPLC-MS SL-AE nd Bis-HHDP glucose nd Galloyl-HHDP glucose B1 Procyanidin B B2 Procyanidin B catechin nd p-coumaroyl-glucoside p-coumaroyl ester nd Tris-galloyl-glucose nd Peonidin -araboside nd ellagic acid deoxyhexose tetragalloylglucose Ellagic acid nd unknown nd Kaempferol hexose Kaempferol -glucuronide nd nd quercetin HPLC SF-AE SL-AE / min / % / % Peonidin -araboside Ellagic acid deoxyhexose tetragalloylglucose Ellagic acid quercetin

8 6 775 HPLC SF-AE SL-AE 2 6 SF-AE SL-AE SF-AE SL-AE 3T3-L1 6 SF-AE SL-AE 50mg / L 520nm 10mg / L 25mg / L 50mg / L 100mg / L p < SF-AE SL-AE 3T3-L FAS FAS 50% FAS SF- AE IC 50 50% mg / L SL-AE IC mg / L FAS IC 50 = 20mg / L 19 EGCG IC 50 = 24mg / L 20 SF-AE SL-AE FAS EGCG 2 FAS C75 FAS SF-AE Ac-CoA NADPH Mal-CoA Mal-CoA FAS SL-AE Ac-CoA Mal-CoA NADPH FAS Ac-CoA SF-AE SL-AE FAS

9 HPLC-MS SF-AE SL-AE 5 SF-AE % SL-AE 7 926% FAS IC mg / L 25 SF-AE % SL-AE % FAS IC mg / L SF-AE SL-AE FAS IC 50 2 SF-AE SF-AE IC mg / L SF-AE 40% 2 FAS SF-AE FAS SF- AE SL-AE FAS 3 3 FAS 3T3-L1 SF-AE SL-AE 50mg / L 100mg / L FAS SF-AE SL-AE FAS FAS 2 FAS FAS 1 Tian W X The control of animal fat level and fatty acid synthase activity J Chemistry of Life in Chinese J Li M Shi Y Tian W X Factors influencing the levels of fatty acid synthase complex activity in fowl J Biochem Mol Biol Int Tian W X Dong Y Quan H et al The dependence of fat level of hen on activity of fatty acid synthase in lever on different ages J Chinese Biochemical Journal in Chinese J Loftus T M Jaworsky D E Frehywot G L et al Reduced food intake and body weight in mice treated with fatty acid synthase inhibitors J Science Flier J S The adipocyte storage depot or node on the energy information superhighway J Cell Rosen E D Molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation J Ann Endocrinol Paris Schmid B Rippmann J F Tadayyon M et al Inhibition of fatty acid synthase prevents preadipocyte differentiation J Biochem Biophys Res Commun Daniel E M Stoner G D The effects of ellagic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid on N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats J Cancer Lett Shiow Y W Inhibitory effect on activator protein-1 nuclear factor-kappa B and cell transformation by extracts of strawberries Fragaria ananassa Duch J Agra Food Chem Tian W X Wang Y S Hsu R Y Affinity labeling of chicken liver fatty acid synthase with chloroacetyl-coa and bromopyruvate J Biochim Biophys Acta Tian W X Jiang R F Wu H B et al The substrate inhibition by NADPH and kinetics of fatty acid synthase from duck liver J Chinese Biochemical Journa in Chinese NADPH J

10 Seeram N P Adams L S Blackberry black raspberry blue berry red raspberry and strawberry extracts inhubit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro J J Agric Food Chem Wulf J S Rühmann S Rego I et al Nondestructive application of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds in strawberry fruits Fragaria ananassa J Agric Food Chem Kati H Ilana R Harri K et al Non-targeted analysis of spatial metabolite composition in strawberry Fragaria ananassa flowers J Phytochemistry Wang Y Y Jiang G B Hu W Z et al Determination of vitamin C in strawberry by high performance liquid chromatography J Journal of Dalian University in Chinese C J Seeram N P Lee R Scheuller H S et al Identification of phenolic compounds in strawberries by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy J Food Chem Vasco C Riihinen K Ruales J et al Phenolic compounds in rosaceae fruits from ecuador J J Agric Food Chem Mudnic I Modun D Brizic I et al Cardiovascular effects in vitro of aqueous extract of wild strawberry Fragaria vesca L leaves J Phytomedicine Vance D Goldberg I Mitsuhashi O et al Inhibition of fatty acid synthetases by the antibiotic cerulenin J Biochem Bhys Res Commun Wang X Tian W X Green tea epigallocatechin gallate a natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase J Biochem Biophys Res Commun Hannum S M Potential impact of strawberries on human health a review of the science J Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Gil M I Holcroft D M Kader A A Changes in strawberry anthocyanins and other polyphenols in response to carbon dioxide treatments J J Agric Food Chem Cordenunsi B R Genovese M I Nascimento J R O et al Effects of temperature on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of three strawberry cultivars J Food Chem Maas J L Galletta G J Ellagic acid an anticarcinogen in fruits especially in strawberry J Hortscience Li B H Tian W X Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on animal fatty acid synthase J J Biochem Inhibitory effects of strawberry extracts on animal fatty acid synthase LIU Xiao-Xin TIAN Wei-Xi MA Xiao-Feng College of Life Sciences Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Abstract Fatty acid synthase FAS has been considered as a potential new therapeutic target for obesity In the present study we show that the components of both strawberry Fragaria ananassa Duch fruit dreg and strawberry leaves that extracted with 50% ethanol and partitioned by ethyl acetate are potent FAS inhibitors The ethyl acetate fractions of strawberry fruit dregs SF-AE show noncompetitive inhibition with the substrate Mal- CoA while the ethyl acetate fractions of strawberry leaves SL-AE show competitive inhibition with Ac-CoA Based on the HPLC-MS analysis we conclude that ellagic acid and quercetin are the efficient components SF- AE and SL-AE could reduce lipids accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte with dose-dependence These results may be of great value for application of strawberry extracts to obesity prevention and cure Key words fatty acid synthase strawberry inhibitor kinetic assay anti-obesity

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