TABLE OF THE ISOTOPES. Table Layout

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1 TABLE OF THE ISOTOPES Norman E. Holden This table presents an evaluated set of values for the experimental quantities that characterize the decay of radioactive nuclides. A list of the major references used in this evaluation is given below. When uncertainties are not listed, they are assumed to be five or less in the last digit quoted. If the uncertainty in the value exceeds five in the last digit, the value is preceded by an approximate sign. For quasi-stable nuclides, the measured width, Γ, of the resonance is given. To estimate the approximate half-life, the Heisenberg relationship may be used: the half-life = seconds / Γ (MeV). The effective literature cutoff date for data in this edition of the table is October. Table Layout C Column number Column title 1 Isotope or Element op Description For elements, the atomic number and chemical symbol are listed. For nuclides, the mass number and chemical symbol are listed. Isomers are indicated by the addition of m, m1, or m2. Isotopic Abundance The abundance of an isotope in normal terrestrial samples of an element, listed in atom percent. Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight Atomic mass relative to 12C = 12. Atomic weight of elements is given on the same scale. Half-Life/Resonance Width Half-life in decimal notation. μs = microseconds; ms = milliseconds; s = seconds; m = minutes; h = hours; d = days; and a = years. For quasi-stable nuclides, the measured width at half-maximum of the energy resonance is given. Decay Mode/Energy Decay modes are α = alpha particle emission; β = negative beta emission; β+ = positron emission; ec = orbital electron capture; IT = isomeric transition from upper to lower isomeric state; n = neutron emission; p = proton emission; sf = spontaneous fission; ββ, ECEC, 2p, 2n, 3n = double beta, double EC, two proton and multiple neutron decay. Total disintegration energy in MeV units. Particle Energy/ End point energies of beta transitions and discrete energies of alpha particles, neutrons and protons are given in MeV units and their intensities in percent. Spin and Parity Nuclear spin or angular momentum of the nuclides in units of h/2π; parity is positive or negative. Magnetic Dipole Moment Magnetic dipole moments in nuclear magneton units. An absolute value is indicated in the absence of a positive or a negative sign. Electric Quadrupole Moment Electric quadrupole moments in barn units (- cm2). An absolute value is indicated in the absence of a positive or a negative sign. Gamma Ray Energy/ Gamma ray energies are given in MeV units and intensities in percent. Annihilation radiation (ann.rad.) refers to the kev photons emitted in the annihilation of positrons in matter yr ig h te d M at er ia General Nuclear Data References The following references represent the major sources of the nuclear data presented, along with subsequent published journal articles and reports: 1. G. Audi, F.G. Kondev, M. Wang, B. Pfeiffer, X. Sun, J. Blachot, M. MacCormick, The NUBASE12 Evaluation of Nuclear Properties, Chinese Physics C High Energy and Nuclear Physics 36, 17 (12). 2. M. Wang, G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, F.G. Kondev, M. MacCormick, X. Xu, B. Pfeiffer, The AME12 Atomic Mass Evaluation (II., Tables, graphs and references), Chinese Physics C High Energy and Nuclear Physics 36, 03 (12). 3. J. Meija, T.B. Coplen, M. Berglund, W.A. Brand, P. DeBièvre, M. Gröning, N.E. Holden, J. Irrgeher, R.D. Loss, T. Walczyk, T. Prohaska, Atomic Weights of the Elements - 13, Pure & Applied Chemistry 88, 5 (). 4. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised (press release, August ). (accessed Dec ). 5. J. Meija, T.B. Coplen, M. Berglund, W.A. Brand, P. DeBièvre, M. Gröning, N.E. Holden, J. Irrgeher, R.D. Loss, T. Walczyk, T. Prohaska, Isotopic compositions of the elements 13 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Applied Chemistry 88, 3 (). 6. E.M. Baum, H.D. Knox, T.R. Miller, Chart of the Nuclides, 17th Edition, Knolls Atomic Power Lab (09) ls -T ay lo 7. N.E. Holden, Total and Spontaneous Fission Half-Lives for Uranium, Plutonium, Americium and Curium Nuclides, Pure & Applied Chemistry 61, 1483 (89). 8. N.E. Holden, Half-lives of Selected Nuclides, Pure & Applied Chemistry 62, 941 (90). 9. E. Brown, R. Firestone, Radioactivity Handbook, Wiley Interscience Press (86).. J.K. Tuli, Nuclear Wallet Cards, Brookhaven National Laboratory (October 11). 11. N.E. Holden, D.C. Hoffman, Spontaneous Fission Half-Lives for Ground State Nuclides, Pure & Applied Chemistry 72, (00). 12. N.J. Stone, Table of Nuclear Magnetic Dipole and Electrical Quadrupole Moments, Atomic Data Nuclear Data Tables 90, 75 (05). 13. N. J. Stone, Table of Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moments, Atomic Data Nuclear Data Tables, , 1 (). 14. I. M. Villa, P. De Biѐvre, N. E. Holden, P. R. Renne, Recommendation on the half-life of 87Rb, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 4, 382 ().. I. M. Villa, M. L. Bonardi, P. De Biѐvre, N. E. Holden, P. R Renne, IUPAC-IUGS status report on the half-lives of 8U, 5U and 4U, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 172, 387 ().. A. K. Jain, B. Maheshwari, S. Garg, M. Patial, B. Singh, Atlas of Nuclear Isomers, Nuclear Data Sheets 1, 1, (). r& Fr an ci s This research was carried out under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH886. The author is at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, and can be contacted at holden@bnl.gov.

2 Table of the Isotopes 11-3 Natural abundance (Atom %) Half-life/ Resonance width (MeV) Particle energy/ Nuclear magnetic mom. (nm) Elem. or Isot. Atomic mass or weight Decay mode/ Energy (/MeV) Spin (h/2π) on s β- / /0. 1/ β-, γ / H Elect. quadr. mom. (b) 1 H >2.8 a 1/ H mb 3 H a β-/ /0. 1/ H 4.0 Γ = 1.2 n/ /0 2-5 H Γ < 0.5 n/ /0 (1/2+) 6 H Γ ~ 6. n/ (2-) 7 H 7.05 Γ ~ 0.1 2He (2) 3 He (2) / He (2) He 5.01 Γ = 0.60(2) n, α 3/2- γ-energy/ 6 He s β-/ /0. 0+ β, d 0.35/ He Γ ~ 0. n (3/2)- 8 He s β-/.65 / /84. β- n/ / /5. β, t / He Γ = 0.(6) n /0 (1/2-) He.053 Γ = 0.1 2n /0 0+ 3Li Li 4.0 Γ = 6.0 p/ /0 2-5 Li 5.01 Γ = 1.2 p/α 3/2-6 Li ( ) mb 7 Li ( ) / Li s β-/ / α/ α(1.6) 9 Li s β-/ /75. 3/ β-/ n 11/. Li.0355 Γ = 0.11(5) n / Li ms β-/.6 /8.3 3/2(-) /33. β-, n / /7. β-, 2n / /8. β-, 3n / /3. β-, d / /1.5 β-, t / / Li < 0.01 µs 13 Li Γ = 1.3 4Be 9.0(5) 5 Be 5.04 p, 3He (1/2+) 6 Be Γ = 0.092(6) 2p,α 0+ 7 Be d ec/0.86 3/ /.4 8 Be Γ = 6.8(17) ev 2α/ Be / Be a β-/ / Be s β-, β-α/ /61. 1/ /35.5 β-, p// Be ms β-, (n)/11.71 n// ( ) 13 Be Γ ~ Be ms β-/ /0.9 β-, n 0.8/ /7. β-, 2n /6. β-, α /<0.012 β-, t /<0.04 Be.053 Γ = 0.6 β- Be.062 Γ = 0.8 2n 0+ 5B B 7.07 Γ = 1.4(2) p, α (3/2-) 8 B s β+, 2α/ (β+)/ ann.rad. 9 B Γ = 0.5(2) kev p, 2α/ 3/2- B (.9 -.4) B ( ) / B s β-/ /1.3 β- α/1.6/ 3.5/ B s β- / / /7.6 β- n/0./ 2.43(n)/ (n)/0. 14 B ms β-/ /90. B ms β-, (n)/.09 n//99.7 (3/2-)

3 11-4 Table of the Isotopes Natural abundance (Atom %) Half-life/ Resonance width (MeV) Particle energy/ Nuclear magnetic mom. (nm) Elect. quadr. mom. (b) γ-energy/ Elem. or Isot. Atomic mass or weight Decay mode/ Energy (/MeV) Spin (h/2π) B.0398 Γ < 0.1 n 17 B ms β-, (n)/ B.056 < 0.0 µs 0- B ms β-, (n)/.5 1n//72. (3/2-) 2n//. 3n// < 9. 6C C Γ = 0.(4) p 0+ 9 C ms β+, p, 2α/.498 (3/2-) ann.rad. C s β+/ ann.rad. 0.7/0. 11 C m β+, ec/ /99. 3/ ann.rad. 12 C ( ) C ( ) ½ C x 3 a β-/ /0. 0+ C s β-/ /68. ½ / /32. ( ) C ~ s β-/8.012 β/3.3, 4.3/84, 0+ β, n n/0.8, 1.7/84, 17 C s β-/ / β-, n n/ / C s β-/ β-, n n/ /. C s n ½+ C s β,n 1n//~ n// <. C.049 < 0.03 µs C ms β-, n 1n//~ n// < 37. 7N N.042 Γ = 2.3() 11 N Γ = 0.83 ½+ 12 N ms β+, β+α/ / mb ann.rad /2. 13 N m β+ / /0. ½ N ( ) N ( ) ½ m N 5.3 μs IT N s β- /.4 4./ / / mb 7.1/4.7 β+, α // /.0012 ( ) ( ) 17 N s β-, β- n/ /0. ½ / n/ /0.3 β- α/ 8.0, 8.2 N s β- / / /48. β-, α ( )/ /47. β-, n / /77. ( ) N s β-/ ( ) β-, n /42. N s β- /17.97 β-, n /43. N s β-,n 4.98// β- //3.5 N s β-,n 1n// ~ 41. 2n// < 13. N.041. ms β-, n n//~ 42. 2n//~ 8. 3n// < 3.4 N.051 < µs N.060 < 0. µs 8O O Γ < p O ms β+, p/ (p) (3/2-) ann.rad. p/( ) 4.438/ O s β+ / / ann.rad. 2.2/99.4

4 Table of the Isotopes 11-5 Elem. or Isot. Natural abundance (Atom %) Atomic mass or weight Half-life/ Resonance width (MeV) Decay mode/ Energy (/MeV) Particle energy/ Spin (h/2π) Nuclear magnetic mom. (nm) Elect. quadr. mom. (b) O s β+ / /0. 1/ ann.rad. O ( ) 17 O ( / ) γ-energy/ O ( ) O s β- /4.8 3./60. 5/ mb 0.7/ / /50.4 ( ) O s β- / /0. O s β- /8.11 (0. 4.6) O s β- / / / /63 ( ) O s β -, n /7.2% 2.4/ /17.1 ( ) O.0 ~ 65. ms β-, n n// /. 0.52/14. 1./12. O.0 Γ ~ 0.02 O.037 Γ = 0.0 2n 0+ O.048 < 0.0 µs O.056 < 0. µs 0+ 9F (6) 14 F Γ = 0.9 F.00 Γ = 0.8(3) p (1/2+) F.01 Γ = 0.037(14) p 0-17 F s β+ / / 5/ ann.rad. F h β+, ec/ / ann.rad. F ½ F s β- / / / /0.009 F s β- / /8. 5/ / / /. 5.4/. ( ) F s β- / / / / / /62. ( ) F s β- /8.5 5/ / /34. ( ) F s β- / / F.01 ~ 50. ms β-, (n) n// /39. ( ) m F 2.2 ms IT, β- 4+ F.00. ms β-, (n) n// / /. F ms β-, (n) n// /. F.035 < 0.04 µs F ms β-, (n) n//0. F.052 < 0. µs F.06 > 0. µs Ne.1797(6) Ne Γ = 0.6 2p (3/2-) Ne.08 Γ = p Ne ms β+, p/ /6.9 1/ ann.rad./ β+, α / Ne s β+ / / ann.rad./ /7.8 ( ) Ne s β+ /3.8 2./99. 1/ ann.rad./ ( ) Ne 90.48(3) Ne 0.(1) / Ne 9.(3) Ne s β- / /32. 5/ / /67. ( ) Ne m β- / / / / /7.9 Ne s β- /7. 6.3/ 1/ / / ( )

5 11-6 Table of the Isotopes Natural abundance (Atom %) Half-life/ Resonance width (MeV) Particle energy/ Nuclear magnetic mom. (nm) Elect. quadr. mom. (b) γ-energy/ Elem. or Isot. Atomic mass or weight Decay mode/ Energy (/MeV) Spin (h/2π) Ne ms β-, n/7.3 n // /0 1.8/6 0.3/5 0.1/3 1.1/ /1 Ne ms β-, n/12.7 n //3. (3/2+) Ne.012. ms β-, n/12.3 n// /. 2n// /3. Ne.0. ms β-, (n)/.4 n//. (3/2+) 2.92/55. β-, 2n 2n//4. (0. 1.) Ne.0 7. ms β-, (n) n// /9. Ne ms 32 Ne ~ 3.5 ms Ne < 0. µs 34 Ne > 1.5 µs 0+ 11Na (2) Na.0 Γ < 0.02 p Na s β+, p/11. Na s β+ / ann.rad./ α 2./ 1.634/79. Na s β+ / /95. 3/ ann.rad./ 0.351/5. Na a β+ /90/ / ann.rad./ ec// 1.45/99.9 Na / m Na.2 ms IT, β /0. Na h β- / /> / /0. ( ) Na s β- / /7. 5/ / / / / /14.9 ( ) m Na 9 μs IT Na s β- / mb 1.809/98.9 ( ) Na s β- / / 5/ mb /87.4 β-, n/ 1.698/11.9 Na ms β- / / /37. β-, n/ 2.389/.6 Na ms β-, n/ / 3/ /36. ( ) Na ms β-, n/17.5 n// /46. Na ms β-, n/.9 n//37. 3/ /14. ( ) 32 Na ms β- / β-, n β-, 2n 1.483/ Na ms β- /. /~ / β-, n 0.8,1.02/47(6) 0.546/6.4 β-, 2n /13(3) Na ms β- /. 35 Na ms β- / 36 Na < 0. µs 37 Na > 1.5 µs 12Mg.4-.7 Mg s 2p Mg ms β+ /.73 /70 0+ β+, p / Mg ms β+, p/13. 5/ /51. β+, α Mg s β+ / / / /0. ( ) Mg s β+ / /92. 3/ /8.2 Mg ( ) Mg ( / ) Mg ( ) Mg m β- / /41. 1/ / / / / /.

6 Table of the Isotopes 11-7 Natural abundance (Atom %) Half-life/ Resonance width (MeV) Particle energy/ Nuclear magnetic mom. (nm) Elect. quadr. mom. (b) γ-energy/ Elem. or Isot. Atomic mass or weight Decay mode/ Energy (/MeV) Spin (h/2π) Mg h β- / / / / / /54. Mg s β-/ / 3/ / /. 2.4/36. Mg s β- / /85. Mg s β- / /.9 1/ / /37. ( ) β-, n / Mg s β- / /. 33 Mg ms β- /13.7 /83. 3/ / β-, n / Mg s β- / Mg s (7/2-) 36 Mg ms Mg 37.0 > 0. µs (7/2-) 38 Mg > 0. µs Mg < 0. µs 40 Mg > 0.17 µs 0+ 13Al.98385(7) Al.0 < µs Al ms β+ /.6 p/1.3/. 4+ ann.rad./ β+, p//55 p/ /47. β+, 2p//11 (1.-2.) β+, α α/3.3/0.3 m Al ~ 0.35 s β+, p/ Al s β+ /12. p/0.56/46 5/ ann.rad./ β+, p/ p/2.01/ m Al 0.1 s IT/ β /5.3 Al s β+ /13.878,p 3.40/ (2)/. 4.42/ (2)/ / (2)/ /8. 4.3(3)/ (3)/ (2)/41. Al s β+ /4.7 3./ 5/ ann.rad./ 1.61(2)/ (2)/5. m Al s β+ / 3.2/ 0+ ann.rad./ Al a β+ /82/ / ann.rad./ ec/ /99.8 Al / Al m β- / / (6)/0. Al m β- / /. 5/ (8)/ / (8)/ (8)/7. Al s β- / / (3)/ (5)/65. Al s β- / / 5/ (3)/ (3)/ (4)/ Al ms β- / Al ms β- /12.0 / /2.5 β-, n /8.5 ( ) 34m Al ms β Al ms β- / / /57 β-, n /. ( ) 35 Al ms β-/ /48 5/ /45. β-, n / 38. ( ) 36 Al s β-/.3 β-, n /<. 37 Al ms β-/. 38 Al > 7.6 ms 39 Al 39.0 > 8. ms 40 Al 40.0 > 0. µs 41 Al > 0. µs 42 Al > 0.17 µs 43 Al > 0.17 µs

7 11-8 Table of the Isotopes Natural abundance (Atom %) Half-life/ Resonance width (MeV) Particle energy/ Nuclear magnetic mom. (nm) Elect. quadr. mom. (b) γ-energy/ Elem. or Isot. Atomic mass or weight Decay mode/ Energy (/MeV) Spin (h/2π) 14Si Si.036. ms β+, p 1.99/ 0+ Si ms β+, p/5.9/~ ,( ) β+, 2p//4 Si ms β+, p/ ,3.92, ann.rad./ ( ) Si ms β+, p/12.74 p/4./9.5 5/2+ ann.rad./ p/0.40/4.75 p/ Si s β+ / / 0+ ann.rad./ 0.84(8)/. Si s β+ / /0. 5/ ann.rad./ 2.1(5)/0.2 Si ( ) Si ( ) / Si ( ) Si h β- / /99.9 3/ (5)/ Si a β- / / Si s β- / (3/2+) (5)/ / (2)/. 34 Si s β- / / (5)/ (2)/ (5)/ Si s β- / Si s β- / β-, n /~ Si ~ 0.09 s β- /12.5 β-, n /~ Si > 1 µs β- /.7 0+ β-, n 39 Si ms β- / Si ms Si ms 42 Si ms Si 43.0 > 0. µs 44 Si 44.0 > 0.36 µs P (5) P.036 P.0 < 0.03 µs P ms β+, p/.1/37 p/0.41/.0 3+ p/1.98/2.4 p/ β+, 2p//2.2 P s β+, p/11.63 p/0.73, 0.61/0.07 1/2+ P ms β+ / / ann.rad./ 5./ (2)/ / (2)/ / (2)/ / (2)/ (2)/9. P s β+ / /98. 1/ ann.rad./ 1.3/ /0.39 P m β+ /4. 3.5/ ann.rad./ 2.0(3)/0.07 P / P d β- / / P d β- / /0. 1/2+ 34 P s β- / / / 5.1/ (5)/. 35 P s β- / /0. 1/ (1)/0. 36 P s β- / / /0. 37 P s β- / / 1.58/ 38 P s β- / / β-, n /~ / 39 P s β- /.5 β-, n / 40 P s β- /14.5 β-,n /~.

8 PROPERTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF COMMON DRUGS This table lists the names, properties, categories, and therapeutic uses of selected single-component and multicomponent drugs. The drugs have been chosen to represent a variety of categories and are widely used throughout the world. Table 1 contains the generic (and in some cases chemical) name of single-component drugs with data on their melting point, boiling point, density, and solubility in various solvents, when available. Table 2 classifies the drugs by therapeutic categories and gives additional information about their uses. Table 3 provides an index that can be used to locate an individual single-component drug by its trade name. It should be noted that not all trade names are provided as many drugs are manufactured by more than one organization. Table 4 provides similar information for multicomponent drugs and links the components to the property data given in Table 1 through the ordering number. In all tables, the ordering number is unique to a specific single-component drug as listed in Table 1. It should be noted that most drug products in the marketplace have one or more inactive ingredients. These are not included in these tables. References 1. The Combined Chemical Dictionary on DVD, Version :1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, June 14; also available on the Internet at 2. Milne, G. W. A., Drugs: Synonyms and Properties, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Hampshire, UK, Corey, E. J., Czakó, B., and Kürti, L., Molecules and Medicine, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, Physicians Desk Reference, 67th Edition, Thomson PDR, Montvale, NJ, O Neil, M. J., Editor, The Merck Index, th Edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. < Accessed August. 7. Wishart, D. S. et al, Nucleic Acids Res. 34, D668, ChemACX. Version..2; CambridgeSoft Corporation: Cambridge, MA. Accessed August. 9. PubChem Database, National Center for Biotechnology Information < Accessed August. Jessica L. Burger Physical Properties of Common Single-Component Drugs Table 1 contains physical properties of 0 common singlecomponent drugs. The data come from a variety of sources as listed in the reference section. The properties, units, and special notations are given in the table below. A few drugs have no properties listed except their physical state (in some) cases. These include monoclonal antibodies (indicated by an * after the name), drugs produced as recombinant DNA (indicated by a + after the name), and vaccines. ORDERING: Entry number; also used to link to information in other tables Common name: Common name of the drug: generic or chemical t m / C: Melting point in C; superscript p indicates predicted value; lit. indicates literature value t b / C: Boiling point in C; superscript p indicates predicted value; all values are for 760 mmhg unless otherwise indicated ρ/g ml -1 : Density in g ml -1 ; all values are for C unless otherwise indicated by numerical superscript; superscript p indicates predicted value Phys. state: Indication of whether the drug is a solid or uid Storage: Recommendations for normal storage; RT = room temperature H 2 O: in water in unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript CH 3 OH: in methanol in unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript C 2 H 5 OH: in ethanol in unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript DMSO: in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript DMF: in dimethyl formamide (DMF) in unless otherwise indicated; temperature values, when available, are given in the superscript Table 1. Physical Properties of Common Single-Component Drugs H 2 O/ CH 3 OH/ C 2 H 5 OH/ DMSO/ ORDERING Common name t m / C t b / C ρ/ g ml -1 Phys. state Storage 1 Abatacept 2 Abiraterone acetate p ~1.1 p Solid - C <l sparingly ~2 ~ 3 Acetaminophen p 1. Solid RT mmol L -1 0 mmol L -1 freely 4 Acetylsalicylic acid Solid RT Adalimumab: heavy chain* Liquid 6 Adalimumab: light chain* Liquid 7 Aflibercept Liquid 2-8 C >0 8 Albuterol sulfate p Solid - C freely freely 9 Alendronate sodium 6.7 p Solid RT Allopurinol Solid 4 C freely 11 Alprazolam Solid 40 (ph 7) DMF/ 7-41

9 7-42 Properties and Functions of Common Drugs ORDERING Common name t m / C t b / C ρ/ g ml -1 Phys. state Storage H 2 O/ CH 3 OH/ C 2 H 5 OH/ DMSO/ 12 Amitriptyline hydrochloride Solid Amlodipine p 1.2 p Solid RT 75.3 freely 14 Amlodipine besylate p 1.2 p Solid RT 75.3 freely Amoxicillin 3.94 p p 1.6 p Solid 4 C Amphetamine aspartate Solid slightly monohydrate 17 Amphetamine sulfate Solid slightly Apixaban 3.53 p p 1.4 p Solid 4 C <1 <1 ~3 Aripiprazole Solid - C freely Atazanavir p Solid 4 C freely ~2 ~ ~ Atenolol Solid RT freely freely Atomoxetine Solid - C freely Atorvastatin calcium p Solid RT <1 freely <1 0 Azithromycin p 1.2 p Solid - C <1 0 0 Bacitracin 1-5 Solid 4 C 50 Bendamustine hydrochloride p Solid - C s Bevacizumab* Liquid Bimatoprost p 1.1 p Solid - C freely ~50 ~ Bisacodyl p 1.2 p Solid 4 C slightly Bismuth subsalicylate Solid 59.7 Bortezomib p 1. p Solid - C 5- µmol freely 0 0 L -1 (est. max) 32 Brimonidine tartrate Solid - C 50 mmol L -1 freely freely 34 Buprenorphine Solid Caffeine 8 1. Solid Canagliflozin p 1.4 p Solid - C <1 freely < Capecitabine p 1.49 p Solid RT >40% 7 72 ~14 38 Carisoprodol Carvedilol p 1. p Solid RT partly 33.8 > miscible 40 Cefdinir Solid - C freely freely 41 Celecoxib p 1.43 p Solid - C <1 5 freely Cephalexin Solid - C freely freely 43 Certolizumab pegol* 44 Cetuximab* 45 Chlorpheniramine maleate Solid RT freely 46 Cimetidine p 1. p Solid 4 C freely Cinacalcet Solid - C 1 freely Ciprofloxacin p 1.5 p Solid RT freely <1 <1 49 Clavulanate potassium Clonazepam 8-0 Solid Clonidine hydrochloride p Solid 4 C 50 freely freely Clopidogrel bisulfate Solid RT freely 53 Cobicistat 87-5 Solid 4 C 54 Codeine freely 55 Colesevelam hydrochloride Solid freely 56 Conjugated estrogens 173 Solid Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride 5-7 Solid - C >0 freely Dabigatran etexilate mesylate Solid 4 C 59 Daptomycin Solid - C mmol L -1 0 mmol L -1 freely 60 Darbepoetin alfa + Liquid 61 Darunavir p Solid - C freely 62 Dasatinib 2-4 Solid - C very poorly very poorly 0 63 Denosumab* 64 Desvenlafaxine Solid 4 C > > 65 Dexlansoprazole Solid very slightly freely freely 66 Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride Solid Dextroamphetamine saccharate Solid slightly 68 Dextroamphetamine sulfate Solid slightly 69 Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 4.5 p Solid RT 40 mmol L-1 1: 70 Diazepam 1-1 Solid 71 Diclofenac sodium 5-7 Solid RT 50 > ~35 ~35 ~35 72 Digoxin Dimethyl fumarate Solid RT ~12 74 Diphenhydramine hydrochloride Solid RT 00 freely ~ 75 Dipyridamole p Solid RT slightly freely mmol L -1 0 mmol L -1 DMF/

10 Properties and Functions of Common Drugs 7-43 ORDERING Common name t m / C t b / C ρ/ g ml -1 Phys. state Storage H 2 O/ CH 3 OH/ C 2 H 5 OH/ DMSO/ DMF/ 76 Docusate sodium 3 to Solid freely 77 Doxycycline 1 Solid - C 50 1:4 1: Duloxetine 7 p Liquid - C slightly 79 Dutasteride p 1.3 p Solid 4 C freely Eculizumab* 81 Efavirenz p 1.5 p Solid - C freely 82 Elvitegravir Solid 4 C 83 Emtricitabine p 1.8 p Solid - C Enalapril maleate Solid RT 8 85 Enoxaparin sodium > 0 86 Epoetin alfa + Liquid 87 Erlotinib hydrochloride 3-5 Solid - C <1 sparingly < Erythromycin Solid freely freely 89 Escitalopram oxalate 5 Solid very slightly 90 Esomeprazole Solid - C <1 s Eszopiclone Solid Very slightly slightly 92 Etanercept + Liquid/ solid 93 Ethinyl estradiol Solid 1 part in 6 94 Etonogestrel 2-4 Solid - C 95 Everolimus p 1. p Solid - C <1 freely Ezetimibe p 1.3 p Solid 4 C <1 freely Febuxostat 8-0 Solid 4 C freely 98 Fenofibrate p 1.2 p Solid - C freely slightly 1 99 Fexofenadine hydrochloride 3-6 Solid - C freely 0 Filgrastim + 1 Fingolimod Solid - freely 2 Fluconazole p 1.5 p Solid RT <1() Fluoxetine hydrochloride 8-9 Solid 4 RT freely RT >5 RT 4 Fluticasone propionate Solid 4 C 5 Formoterol fumarate dihydrate Solid 4 C freely 6 Furosemide p 1.6 p Solid RT <1 50 <1 66 freely 7 Gabapentin p 1.1 p Solid RT freely sparingly sparingly sparingly 8 Glatiramer acetate 9 Glimepiride p 1.3 p Solid RT <1 <1 > 1 Glyburide p Solid 4 C freely 1:0 5 freely 111 Guaifenesin 79 5 ( 1.2 p Solid RT 50 freely freely mmhg) 112 Human papillomavirus quadrivalent 113 Hydrochlorothiazide 3-7 Solid RT freely 114 Hydrocodone 8 Solid freely freely 1 Hydrocodone bitartrate 8 Solid freely freely 1 Hydrocortisone 1-4 Solid RT 117 Ibuprofen (4 1.0 p Solid RT freely mmhg) 1 Imatinib mesylate 4-4 Solid 4 C 0 freely ~0.2 0 ~ 1 Infliximab* 1 Influenza vaccine for intramuscular injection 1 Insulin aspart (rdna origin) Solid insoluble 1 Insulin detemir (rdna origin) Solid freely 1 Insulin glargine 2-4 Solid insoluble 1 Insulin lispro Solid insoluble 1 Interferon beta-1a + 1 Ipilimumab* 1 Ipratropium bromide 9-0 Solid 4 C Isosorbide mononitrate p 1.6 p Solid RT freely freely freely 1 Lansoprazole p 1.5 p Solid 4 C freely freely ~ 1 Ledipasvir Solid - C 1 Lenalidomide p 1.5 p Solid - C <1 freely < Levofloxacin 8-0 Solid 4 C 133 Levothyroxine sodium Solid 0.0% 134 Linagliptin p 1.4 p Solid - C <1 freely Linezolid p Solid 4 C <1 freely Liraglutide Solid freely (ph>7) Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate Solid 792

11 THE ELEMENTS C. R. Hammond and David R. Lide Each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons, Z, contained in the atomic nucleus. As of, a total of 1 elements have been positively identified and assigned names and symbols. Elements can occur as two or more isotopes, differing in the number of neutrons, N, in the nucleus. An isotope is characterized by the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus, which is called the mass number A = Z + N. Including those produced artificially, over 00 isotopes have been identified, most of which are unstable to radioactive decay. A total of 8 stable isotopes of 84 elements exist on earth. a The table below summarizes key properties of the 1 elements. More detailed information can be found in the tables of atomic weights and physical properties. Individual descriptions of the elements follow the table. a These numbers include radioactive isotopes whose half-lives are comparable to or greater than the age of the earth, making it possible to define a terrestrial isotopic abundance. See Meija, J., et al., Isotopic compositions of the elements 13, Pure Appl. Chem. ; 88(3): 3 6. Element Symbol Z Atomic wt. CAS Reg. No. State at NTP Primary valences Mass no. of stable isotopes a Melting point in C Boiling point in C Density in g/cm 3 Actinium Ac sol Aluminum Al (7) sol Americium Am sol +3, +4, +5, Antimony Sb (1) sol (gray Sb) +3, +5 1, Argon Ar (1) gas 0 36, 38, Arsenic As (6) sol (gray As) +3, +5, sp 5.75 Astatine At sol 2 Barium Ba (7) sol +2 1, 132, 134, , 136, 137, 138 Berkelium Bk sol +3, Beryllium Be 4 9.0(5) sol Bismuth Bi (1) sol +3, Bohrium Bh sol b +7 b Boron B 5 [.806,.8] sol +3, Bromine Br 35 [79.901, ] , +5, -1 79, Cadmium Cd (4) sol +2 6, 8, 1, , 112, 113, 114, 1 Calcium Ca (4) sol +2 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, Californium Cf sol Carbon C 6 [ , 12.06] sol (graphite) +2, +4, -4 12, tp 38 sp 2.2 (.3 MPa) Carbon C 6 [ , 12.06] sol (diamond) +2, +4, -4 12, ( GPa) Cerium Ce (1) sol +3, , 138, 140, Cesium Cs (6) sol Chlorine Cl 17 [35.446, ] gas +1, +5, +7, -1 35, Chromium Cr (6) sol +2, +3, +6 50, 52, 53, Cobalt Co (4) sol +2, Copernicium Cn /gas b +2, +4 b Copper Cu (3) sol +1, +2 63, Curium Cm sol Darmstadtium Ds sol b +2, +4, +6 b Dubnium Db sol b +5 b Dysprosium Dy (1) sol +3 6, 8, 0, , 2, 3, 4 Einsteinium Es sol Erbium Er (3) sol +3 2, 4, 6, , 8, 170 Europium Eu (1) sol +2, +3 1, Fermium Fm sol +3 Flerovium Fl /gas b +2, +4 b 4-1

12 4-2 The Elements Element Symbol Z Atomic wt. CAS Reg. No. State at NTP Primary valences Mass no. of stable isotopes a Melting point in C Boiling point in C Density in g/cm 3 Fluorine F (6) gas Francium Fr sol/ b +1 Gadolinium Gd 64 7.(3) sol +3 2, 4, 5, , 7, 8, 0 Gallium Ga 69.7(1) sol +3 69, Germanium Ge (8) sol +2, +4 70, 72, 73, 74, Gold Au (5) sol +1, Hafnium Hf (2) sol , 176, 177, , 179, 0 Hassium Hs sol b +8 b Helium He (2) gas 0 3, Holmium Ho (2) sol Hydrogen H 1 [ , ] gas +1 1, Indium In (1) sol , Iodine I (3) sol +1, +5, +7, Iridium Ir (3) sol +3, +4 1, Iron Fe (2) sol +2, +3 54, 56, 57, Krypton Kr (2) gas 0 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, Lanthanum La (7) sol , Lawrencium Lr sol +3 Lead Pb (1) sol +2, +4 4, 6, 7, Lithium Li 3 [6.938, 6.997] sol +1 6, Livermorium Lv sol b +2, +4 b Lutetium Lu (1) sol , Magnesium Mg 12 [.4,.7] sol +2,, Manganese Mn (3) sol +2, +3, +4, Meitnerium Mt sol b +1, +3, +6 b Mendelevium Md sol +2, +3 8 Mercury Hg (3) , +2 6, 8, 9, 0, 1, 2, Molybdenum Mo (1) sol +6 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, Moscovium Mc sol b +1, +3 b Neodymium Nd (3) sol , 143, 144, , 146, 148, 0 Neon Ne.1797(6) gas 0,, Neptunium Np sol +3, +4, +5, Nickel Ni (4) sol +2, +3 58, 60, 61, 62, Nihonium Nh sol b +1, +3 b Niobium Nb (2) sol +3, Nitrogen N 7 [ , ] gas +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, -1, 14, , -3 Nobelium No sol +2, +3 8 Oganesson Og sol b 0, +2, +4 b Osmium Os 76 0.(3) sol +3, +4 4, 6, 7, , 9, 0, 2 Oxygen O 8 [.99903,.99977] gas -2, 17, Palladium Pd (1) sol +2, +3 2, 4, 5, , 8, 1 Phosphorus P (5) sol (white P) +3, +5, Phosphorus P (5) sol (red P) +3, +5, sp 2. Platinum Pt (9) sol +2, +4 0, 2, 4, 5, 6,

13 The Elements 4-3 Melting point in C Boiling point in C Density in g/cm Element Symbol Z Atomic wt. CAS Reg. No. State at NTP Primary valences Mass no. of stable isotopes a Plutonium Pu sol +3, +4, +5, +6 Polonium Po sol +2, Potassium K (1) sol +1 39, 40, Praseodymium Pr (2) sol Promethium Pm sol Protactinium Pa (2) sol +4, Radium Ra sol Radon Rn gas gas Rhenium Re (1) sol +4, +6, +7 5, Rhodium Rh (2) sol Roentgenium Rg sol b +3, +5, -1 b Rubidium Rb (3) sol +1 85, Ruthenium Ru (2) sol +3 0, 1, 2, Rutherfordium Rf sol b +4 Samarium Sm (2) sol +2, , 147, 148, , 0, 2, 4 Scandium Sc (5) sol Seaborgium Sg sol b +6 b Selenium Se (8) sol (gray Se) +4, +6, -2 74, 76, 77, 78, 80, Silicon Si 14 [.084,.086] sol +2, +4, -4, Silver Ag (2) sol +1 7, Sodium Na (2) sol Strontium Sr (1) sol +2 84, 86, 87, Sulfur S [32.059, ] sol +4, +6, -2 32, 33, 34, (monoclinic S) Sulfur S [32.059, ] sol (rhombic S) +4, +6, -2 32, 33, 34, trans monocl Tantalum Ta (2) sol +5 0, Technetium Tc sol +4, +6, Tellurium Te (3) sol +4, +6, -2 1, 1, 1, , 1, 1, 1, 1 Tennessine Ts sol b +1, +3, +5 b Terbium Tb (2) sol Thallium Tl 81 [4.382, 4.385] sol +1, +3 3, Thorium Th (4) sol Thulium Tm (2) sol Tin Sn (7) sol (white Sn) +2, , 114, 1, , 117, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 Tin Sn (7) sol (gray Sn) +2, , 114, 1, 13.2 trans , 117, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 white Sn Titanium Ti (1) sol +2, +3, +4 46, 47, 48, 49, Tungsten W (1) sol +6 0, 2, 3, , 6 Uranium U (3) sol +3, +4, +5, 4. 5, Vanadium V 50.94(1) sol +2, +3, +4, 50, Xenon Xe (6) gas 0 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, , 134, 136 Ytterbium Yb () sol +2, +3 8, 170, 171, , 173, 174, 176 Yttrium Y (2) sol Zinc Zn 65.38(2) sol +2 64, 66, 67, 68, Zirconium Zr (2) sol +4 90, 91, 92, 94, a b Includes radioactive isotopes of very long lifetimes, whose terrestrial abundance is effectively stable. Predicted