* *, ** Koji Masuda* and Takashi Arai*, **

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1 .2,/-*,**. Japanese Journal of Structural Geology, No..2,,/-*,,**. Experimental studies of fracture and friction with gas-medium high-pressure and high-temperature apparatus **, ** Koji Masuda* and Takashi Arai*, ** Key Words : gas-medium apparatus, fracture, friction, high-pressure, high-temperature,**+ /**,**. / -+ * Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology ** : National Institute of Technology and Evaluation Paterson, +31*, +33* Tullis and Tullis, +320 Masuda et al.,,**,, - - /** Masuda et al.,**- +0 mm.* mm +* /./ s, 0**Wet Dry Dry +-* MPa, Wet,** MPa 1* MPa + Dry, Wet Dry Wet 25

2 +331 +,**.** Dry Wet 0** Dry Wet Dry -* 0** Wet Dry,.** Anderson and Grew, +311, Freiman, +32. Masuda,,**+ 0**,**+ +*+/ km Blanpied et al.+33/ Lockner et al Chester +33. Dieterich, +313, Ruina, +32-, a b a b Scholz, +332,,**, ab abm ssln V Fig. + Strength of mylonite samples as a function of temperature. Fig., The experimentally observed frictional response to a suddenly imposed increase and then decrease in sliding velocity (V). In this case, a-b*. 26

3 .2 m ss : V : velocity-strengthening velocity-weakening, a b Blanpied et al. +33/ Dry ab Wet ab +** -** Scholz, Chester +33. Arai et al.,**- -, Arai. Ab b b,** Wet Dry Dieterich and Conrad +32. b / Wet ab -** Blanpied et al., +33/ Fig. - Sample and furnace configuration for frictional experiments. Fig.. The friction parameter b for dry and wet feldspar gouge. Sliding velocity was changed from *./ mm/s to /.* mm/s. Evolution e#ect b is sensitive to presence of water. 0 Arai et al.,**- SEM 0 Wet SEM,** MPa, /* MPa, 0** 27

/ The friction parameter (a-b) for wet quartz gouge plotted against temperature. Fig.

4 0 +/* MPa, 0** Dry Dry Wet - mm +330 Dry Wet Kanagawa et al.,,***, Karner et al., Wibberley and Shimamoto,,**- Lockner et al.,,*** Segall and Rice,**. MTL Fig. / The friction parameter (a-b) for wet quartz gouge plotted against temperature. Fig. 0 SEM imagesfor the feldspar gouge after the friction experimentsat 0** under the dry (right) and wet (left) conditions. Bar scales are /mm. 28

5 .2 - Anderson, O. L. and Grew, P. C., +311, Stress corrosion theory of crack propagation with applications to geophysics. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., +/, 11+*.. Arai, T., Masuda, K., Takahashi, M., Fujimoto, K., Shigematsu, N., Sumii, T. and Okuyama, Y.,,**-, Frictional properties of feldspar and quartz at the temperatures of seismogenic zone. Eos. Trans. AGU, 2. (.0), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S,,A*.,3. Blanpied, M., Byerlee, J. D. and Lockner, D. A., +33/, Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions. J. Geophys. Res., +**, +-*./+-*0.. Chester, F. M., +33., E#ect of temperature on friction : Constitutive equations and experiments with quartz gouge. J. Geophys. Res., 33, 1,.1 1,0,. Dieterich, J. H., +313, Modeling of rock friction. +. Experimental results and constitutive equations. J. Geophys. Res., 2.,,+0+,+02. Dieterich, J. H. and Conrad, G., +32., E#ect of humidity on time- and velocity-dependent friction in rock. J. Geophys. Res., 23,.+30.,*,. Freiman, S. W., +32., E#ects of chemical environments on slow crack growth in glasses and ceramics. J. Geophys. Res., 23,.*1,.* : /*.1/1. Kanagawa. K., Cox, S. F. and Zhang, S.,,***, E#ects of dissolution-precipitation processes on the strength and mechanical behavior of quartz gouge at high-temperature hydrothermal conditions. J. Geophys. Res., +*/, ++++/+++,0. Karner, S. L., Marone, C. and Evans, B., +331, Laboratory study of fault healing and lithification in simulated fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions. Tectonophysics,,11,.+// ,-3,3+.,**+./ +1. Lockner, D. A., Summers, R. and Byerlee, J. D., +320, E#ects of temperature and sliding rate on frictional strength of granite. Pure Appl. Geophys.,,.,../.03. Lockner, D., Naka, H., Tanaka, H., Ito, H. and Ikeda, R.,,***, Permeability and strength of core samples from the Nojima fault of the +33/ Kobe earthquake. No. EQ/**/ +, USGS Open-file Report **+,3, +.1+/,. Masuda, K.,,**+, E#ects of water on rock strength in a brittle regime. J. Struct. Geol.,,-, +0/- +0/1. Masuda, K., Fujimoto, K. and Arai, T.,,**,, A new gas-medium, high-pressure and high-temperature deformation apparatus at AIST, Japan. Earth Planets Space, /., +*3++*3.. Masuda, K., Arai, T., Fujimoto, K. and Shigematsu, N.,,**-, Frictional properties of mylonite under high pressure and high temperature. Eos. Trans. AGU, 2. (.0), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T.+D*,//.,**- ++, 3/-30*. Paterson, M. S., +31*, A high-pressure, high-temperature apparatus for rock deformation. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 1, /+1/,0. Paterson, M. S., +33*, Rock deformation experimentation. In : The Brittle-Ductile Transition in Rocks, The Heard Volume, Geophysical Monograph /0, AGU, Ruina, A., +32-, Slip instability and state variable friction laws. J. Geophys. Res., 22, +*-/3+*-1*. Scholz, C.H., +332, Earthquakes and friction laws. Nature, -3+, -1.,. Scholz, C.H.,,**,, The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting. Cambridge University Press,,nd ed. Segall, P. and Rice, J.,,**., Earthquake nucleation : rate and state friction or shear heating? Eos. Trans. AGU, 2/ (+1), Joint Assembly Suppl., 29

6 Abstract S,,A* : -+.--,. Tullis, T. and Tulis, J., +320, Experimental rock deformation techniques. In : Mineral and Rock Deformation : Laboratory Studies, Geophysical Monograph -0, AGU,,31-,.. Wibberley, C. A. J. and Shimamoto, T.,,**-, Internal structure and permeability of major strikeslip fault zones : the Median Tectonic Line in Mie Prefecture, Southwest Japan. J. Struct. Geol.,,/, /

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