Supplementary Table 1: Adsorption characteristics of different adsorbents for water treatment 22

Supplementary Table 1: Adsorption characteristics of different adsorbents for water treatment 22 Adsorbents Adsorbates Adsorption capacity Concentration range Contact Dose ph time Hardwickia binata bark Hg(II) 5.38 9.58 mg g 1 5 400 mg l 1 2 h 1.0 mg l 1 2.0 12.0 Pink bark Cu(II), Cd(II), 0.149, 0.126, 0.107 mm g 1 0 400 mg l 1 24 h 9.2 mg l 1 4.0 Ni(II) Pinus sylvestris bark Cr(IV) 9.77 mg g 1 5 20 mg l 1 24 h 1.0 2.0 g l 1 4.5 5.0 Black oak bark Cd, Hg, Pb 25.9, 400.0, 153.3 mg g 1 Douglas fir bark Hg 100.0 mg g 1 Pinuts pinaster bark Pb 1.59 mg g 1 Pinuts pinaster bark Cd, Cr(III), Pb 8.00, 19.45, 3.33 mg g 1 Redwood bark Cd, Hg, Pb 27.6, 250, 6.8 mg g 1 Redwood bark Cd, Pb 32 182 mg g 1 Hardwood sawdust Astrazone (blue 82.2 105.7 mg g 1 200 mg dm 3 3 h FRR69) Wool, olive cake, Cr(VI) 100 ppm 2 h sawdust, pine needles, almond shells, cactus leaves, charcoal Sawdust Cu(II) 4.40 0.16 mg g 1 1.0 50 mg l 1 1 h 5.0 g l 1 Sawdust Cr(VI) 4.44 mg g 1 50.0 mg dm 3 45 75 min 20.0 g l 1 Sitka spruce wood Telon blue, 9.3 15.6, 71.8 80.1 mg g 1 100, 200 mg dm 3 2 h astrazone blue Polyacrylamide grafted Cr(VI) 12.4 mg g 1 100 mg l 1 4 h 2.0 g l 1 3.0 saw dust Rice husk Pb 19.86 mm g 1 9.65 10 5 4.82 10 5 M 10 min 1.0 g l 1 6.0 dm 3 Rice hulls Cd 500 g l 1 Rice husk ash Hg(II) 2.3 6.8 mg g 1 4.0 364.0 mg l 1 3 h 20.0 g l 1 5.5 5 min 0.5 g l 1 5 h 4.0 g l 1 Rice husk Hg(II) 10.2 g kg 1 1.3 10 4 6.5 10 3 ml 1 Hazelnut shell Cd(II), Zn(II), 5.42, 1.78, 3.08, 3.99 g kg 1 0.129, 0.130, 0.135, Cr(III),Cr(IV) 0.02 mm l 1 Peanut hull carbon Pb(II) 210.53 mg g 1 20.0 mg l 1 80 min 30.0 mg per 100 ml 6.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Peanut hull carbon Cd(II) 89.29 mg g 1 20.0 mg l 1 3 h 0.7 g l 1 3.5 9.5 BPHC Hg(II) 20.0 mg dm 3 10.0 20.0 mg l 1 5 180 70.0 mg per 3.5 10.0 min 100ml Coconut carbon Cr(VI) 20.0 mg l 1 4 h Shell walnut Cd, Cr(VI) 1.50, 1.33 mg g 1 CICHC As(III) 158.65 mg g 1 Carbonaceous material 2,4,6-trinitrophenol,4, 8.0, 5.32, 4.57, 3.38 M g 1 1 10 4 1 10 3 M 24 h 2.0 10.0 nitrophenol,4,ch lorophenol,1,3- dihydroxy benzene Carbonaceous material Malachite green 75.08 mg g 1 1x10 4 1x10 3 M 6 8 h 1.0 g l 1 2.0 6.0 Carbonaceous material 2,4-8.0 10 4 Mg 1 10 4 10 3 M 10 h 0.1g/10 ml 4.0 dinitrophenol Fly ash Cu(II) 0.1 mm 6.5 Fly ash Phenol, cresol, 50.0 ppm phenol +cresol Fly ash Chrome red dye 5.0 mg l 1 2 h Fly ash Hg(II) 0.730 mg g 1 1.0 mg l 1 2 h 2.5g/200 ml 5 5.5 Fly ash o xylene 50.0 150.0 mg l 1 35 min 30g l 1 4 h 0.1g/25 ml 7.0 Coal Fly ash 137 Ce, 90 Sr 0.91 10 2, 1.08 10 3 mmg 1 1.64, 1.89 mm g 1 Fly ash As(V) 30 mg g 1 50.0 mg l 1 72 h 1.0 g l 1 4.0 Fly ash Chrome orange 0.7428 mg g 1 10.0 mg l 1 110 min 1.0 g/50 ml 4.5 Sphagnum Peat moss Pb, Cu, Ni 24.6, 14.3, 7.5 mg g 1 35 210, 25 200, 10 2. 0 g l 1 5.0 100 mg l 1 Peat particles Astrazone blue 0.43 0.91 g g 1 200 mg dm 3 48 h 0.2 g/50 10 3 4.0 4.3 dm 3 Peat Pb 27 106 mg g 1 100 500 mg dm 3 4 h 6.8 g /1.7 dm 3 Irish Sphagnum moss Cr(VI) 119, 43.9 mg g 1 peat Modified Peat Cr (III), Pb 76, 230 mg g 1 Rastunsuo peat Cd(II), Cr(III), Hg(II), Pb 5.058, 4.63, 16.2, 20.038 mg g 1

Sphagnum moss peat Cd, Cr(III), Pb 5.8, 29, 40 mg g 1 Fe(III)-templated Rh(III) 0.92 M kg 1 9.7 10 4 M dm 3 30 min 50.0 mg l 1 oxine chitosan MCM Chitosan Pd(III), Pt(IV) 3.0, 1.6 M kg 1 10.0 mm dm 3 24 h 0.3 g/ 60ml IDA Chitosan Pd(III), Pt(IV) 3.7, 1.1 M kg 1 10.0 mm dm 3 24 h 0.3 g/ 60ml DTPA Chitosan Pd(III), Pt(IV) 2.2, 2.1 M kg 1 10.0 mm dm 3 24 h 0.3 g/ 60ml Crosslinked Chitosan Pd(III), Pt(IV) 2.2, 1.6 M kg 1 10.0 mm dm 3 24 h 0.3 g/ 60ml Chitin Hg 100.0 mg g 1 Chitosan (from lobster Hg 430.0 mg g 1 shell) Chitosan powder Cd 420.0 mg g 1 Chitosan beads Cd 518.0 mg g 1 1.0 1690 mg l 1 6.5 N Acetylated chitosan Cd 216.0 mg g 1 beads N Acetylated Cd 136.0 mg g 1 crosslinked chitosan beads Sugarcane dust Malachite 3.999, 3.798, 3.745, 3.240 12.0 mg l 1 30 min 0.5 g/200 ml 7.5 Green, Crystal Violet, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B. mg g 1 Bagasse pith Acid Red 100.0 mg dm 3 48 h 3.4 g l 1 AR114, Acid Blue AB25 Bagasse pith AR114, AB25 22.9, 21.7, 157.4, 76.6 mg g 200.0 mg dm 3 5 d BB69, BR22 1 Bagasse pith Cd, Pb 6.2, 8.5 meq g 1 1.0 x 10 4 M 60 min 50.0 mg l 1 6.0 Bagasse fly ash Phenol, p 1.0 x 10 4 10 3 M 24 h 10.0 g dm 3 4.0 nitrophenol Bagasse Fly ash 2,4-1.0 x 10 4 10 3 M 6 7 h 10.0 g l 1 2 4 dinitrophenol Bagasse fly ash Cr(VI) 100 1,000 g cm 3 8 h 1.0 g l 1 1.0 Bagasse fly ash Rhodamine B, 1.0 10 5 1.0 10 4, 8 h 10.0, 4.0 2.0, 8.0 Methylene Blue 1.0 10 3 1.0 10 2 M g l 1 Ganoderma Luciduna Cu(II) 0.383 mm g 1 0.2 1.0 mm 1 h 2.5 g l 1 4.0 Sea weeds Cd 10.0 mg dm 3 8 h 1.0 g dm 3 3.0 8.0 R. arrhizus and C. vulgaris Fe(III) cyanide complex 612.2, 387 mg g 1 1996.2, 387 mg l 1 13.0

D. potatorum Cu, Cd 1.30, 1.12 mm g 1 R. nigricans Pb 74.68 mg g 1 >800 mg l 1 120 min 0.2 g / 25ml 4.0 Byproducts of the Zn, Cd, Ni antibiotics neomycin and lincomycin Durivillae, Laminaria, Cd 1.0 10.0 mm 6 h 20.0 mg/10 ml 4.5 Ecklonia, Homosira PFB1, PFB2 Ni 214, 110 mg g 1 20.0 500.0 ppm 24 h 0.1g/50 ml 7.0 Sewage sludge Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn ~ 39.3 mg g 1 77.8 mg l 1 Sewage sludge Cd, Zn, Ni 36.54, 25.63, 21.66 mg g 1 10.0 50.0, 10.0 mg l 1 1.0 g l 1 5.0 7.0 Charcoal Triton 0.0 5.0 mm 2 h 1.0 g/100 ml Animal bone, p Nitrophenol. 111, 116 mg g 1 200.0 mg l 1 0.01, 0.001 g l 1 2.77 8.80 incinerator ash Apple waste Cu(II) 10.8, 36.2.0 M g 1 10.0 ppm 24 h 0.2 g l 1 5.5 7.0 Spent oil shale Phenol 1.0 M g 1 10.0 200.0 ppm 2.0 40.0 g/50 3.0 11.0 ml Corncob Cu (II) 0.3441 M g 1 6.0 10 3 0.5 10 4 15 min 0.15 g/20 ml 4.0 6.0 M l 1 1 h Maize cob Acid Blue 25, 41.4.0, 47.7 mg g 1 0.05 g dm 3 5 d 2.0 Acid Red 114 Buffing dust carbon Acid Brown dye 2.84 6.24 mg g 1 50.0 125.0 mg l 1 60 min 1.0 g l 1 3.5 Sunflower stalk Methylene Blue, 205, 317, 37.78, 26.84 mg g 100 2,000, 100 2000, 5 d 0.20 g/50 ml Basic Red 9, Congo Red, Direct Blue 1 50 1,000, 50 1,000 mg l 1 Coal Metomega 0.7691 mg g 1 10.0 mg l 1 80 min 1.0 g/50 ml 4.5 Chrome Orange Sugar beet pulp Cr(III) 10.0 mg l 1 20 g l 1 4.5 Biogas residual slurry Cr(III) 10 40 mg l 1 5 180 1 8.0 g l 1 1.5 5.0 (BRS) min Fe(III),Cr(III) Hydroxide Cu(II) 92.59 mg g 1 40.0 200.0 mg l 1 150 min 2.0 g l 1 5.0 TiO 2, F e -Ti-O CO(II) 0.09, 0.38 meq g 1 5 10 5 M dm 3 5 h 0.2 g / 0.5 dm 3 Waste shot blast fines Cd(II) 19.7 mg g 1 5.0 mg l 1 5 8 h 0.5 g l 1 4 7 Magnetite Ni(II) 10 100 mg l 1 2 240 1.0 g l 1

Blue magnetite Acridine Orange, Methylene Blue, Neutral Red, Safranino, Thionine, Congo Red 105.40,78.08, 55.19, 75.54, 1.0 mg ml 1 106.40, 2.805 mg g 1 min 2 h TiO 2 Cr(VI) 30.0 Μ l 1 1.0 g l 1 2.5 Hydrous iron oxide Pb, Cd 230.0, 71.68 mg g 1 0.4 9 10 3 M 24 h 10.0 g l 1 2.0 4.0 (HFO) Hydrous aluminium Pb, Cd 33.0, 31.0 mg g 1 0.4 9.0 10 3 M 24 h 10.0 g l 1 2.0 4.0 oxide (HAO) Bentonite Cu(II) 4.75 mg g 1 100 g ml 1 60 min 1.0 g l 1 2.5 HDTMA Montmorillonite Phenol, 2- nitrophenol, 3- nitrophenol, 4- nitrophenol 140.1, 43.03, 128.0, 81.52 mg g 1 2 h 0.5g 40% TMA, 45% HDTMA- Montmorillonite 2-chlorophenol, 3-cynophenol, 4-nitrophenol 45.1, 34.4, 46.8 mg g 1 50 2,500 mg l 1 0.501 g l 1 Activated clay BB69, BR22 585, 488.4 mg g 1 Natural clay Ni(II) 12.5 mg g 1 10.0 50.0 ppm 45 min 0.1 g / 0.5dm 3 6.6 Aluminum coated sand Se(IV), Se(VI) 0.56 1.05 mg g 1 0.8 mm 3 h 5.0 g / 50 ml 4.80 Hematite Cr(VI) 19.23 M 40.0 g l 1 2.7 Bentonite Cr(VI), Pb 0.512, 6.0 mg g 1 Bentonite Cr(VI) 55 mg g 1 Tailored bentonite Cr(VI), Pb 57.0, 58.0 mg g 1 Acid treated bentonite Cd 4.11 mg g 1 Heat treated bentonite Cd 16.50 mg g 1 Wollastonite Pb 0.217 mg g 1 Kaolinite Cr(III) 0.108 meq g 1 0.62 8.27 mm Montmorillo nite Pb, Cd 0.34, 0.36 meq.g 1 4.0 10 4 9.0 10 3 M 24 h 0.1 g/10 ml 2.0 4.0 Kaolnite Pb, Cd 0.06, 0.16 meq.g 1 4.0x10 4 9.0x10 3 M 24 h 0.1 g/10 ml 2.0 4.0 Wollastonite Metomega 0.6957 mg g 1 10.0 mg l 1 150 min 1.0 g/50 ml 4.5 chrome orange Kaolnite Metomega 0.6506 mg g 1 10.0 mg l 1 120 min 1.0 g/50 ml 4.5

chrome orange Red mud Phosphate 50.0 mg l 1 120 min 0.01 0.1 g l 1 Red mud Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd 10.95,12.59, 19.73, 10.57 mg 250 2000 48 h 1.0 g/25 ml g 1 mg l 1 Red mud Pb, Cr 64.79, 35.66 mg g 1 4.80 10 4 4.83 10 3, 6 8 h 10.0 g l 1 4.0, 2.0 9.60 10 4 9.60 10 3 M MS 13X 85 Sr, 137 Cs 2.33, 2.60 M kg 1 10 9 10 7 M 7 days 0.2 g l 1 Chabazite 85 Sr, 137 Cs 0.93, 2.56 M kg 1 10 9 10 7 M 7 days 0.2 g l 1 Zeolite 3A Cr(VI) 60 min 0.5 g l 1 2.0 Cetylamended-zeolite Cr(VI) 0.65 mg g 1 EHDDMA-amended Cr(VI) 0.42 mg g 1 zeolite Silicone resin Isoprothiolane (IPT) Zeolite Cd, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Hg, Pb 84.3, 26.0, 150.4, 155.4 mg g 1 Slag Zn, Cd 17.66, 18.72 mg g 1 7.64 10 4 3.04 10 3, 6 8 h 20.0, 10.0 g l 1 6.0, 5.0 4.4 10 4 8.89 10 4 M Slag Malachite 74.16 mg g 1 1.0 10 4 1.0 10 3 M 6 8 h 1.0 g l 1 6.0 10.0 Green Slag Cu, Ni 30.0, 29.35mg g 1 1.57 10 3 7.87 10 3, 1.70 10 3 4.25 10 3 M 6 8 h 2.0, 10g l 1 5.0, 4.0