1, - :,/+,0+,*+*, * +, + - * * * * Studes on Mesurng Method of Resprton Rtes of Fruts nd Vegetbles (Prt,)* Identfcton of Error n Resprton Rte nd ondtons Requred for onventonl Formul nd Proposl of Modfed Formul for Flowng System n Stedy Stte +, + - Yoshnor KAWAGE*, Itru STME*, Sech SHITA*, Ysuhs SE* Abstrct In the ventonl formul for flowng system the rte of flow s sdered to be the sme s the nflow. The d# erence s strctly recognzed when resprtory quotent devtes from one. Therefore, modfed formul for flowng system ncludng ethylene ws derved for the gs exchnge mong the commodty, nsde nd sde of resprtory chmber. The error obtned n the resprton rte usng the ventonl formul showed tht t ws dependent on the resprtory quotent, ethylene producton rto, nd flow centrton. A modfed formul n stedy stte, whch ws ndependent of these fctors, s proposed. The dtons of the ventonl formul, whch cn be used, were dentfed. Furthermore, method for determnng the flow rte nd the tme t whch mesurements should be strted ws determned. [Keywords] modfed formul of flowng system n stedy stte, crbon doxde evoluton rte, oxygen uptke rte, resprtory quotent, ethylene producton rte, ethylene producton quotent, flow through system,**-. 0, + ++-20/1 + + + TEL *- /2.+ /-0- Grdute School of Agrculturl nd Lfe Scences, The Unversty of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo ++-20/1, Jpn, -*/ 20.,, + +, TEL *,32-22*,3 Ntonl Food Reserch Insttute, Ntonl Agrculture nd Food Reserch rgnzton, Tsukub-sh -*/ 20.,, Jpn -,/, *22* +200 TEL *.002. -2-3 ollege of Boresource Scences, Nhon Unversty, Fujsw-sh,/, *22*, Jpn orrespondng uthor :kw@ml.ecc.u-tokyo.c.jp
252 60 1, -,*+* I Techvuthporn et l.,,**2 + Kwgoe et l.,,**/ Lee Lee, et l., +33+ Nkno et l.,,**+ Ble nd Shepherd, +3.+ lypool lypool nd Keefer, +3., */. Mtsumoto et l., +3/1 Fonsec *. + et l.,,**, + +*. + Young Young nd Ble, +30, +,/ Fdler Fdler nd North, +301 * +* +/. Wtd Wtd nd Msse, +32+ Inb Inb et l., +323 *.*,* +* +** ppm Sorour nd Uchno,,**. Nkno et l.,,**+ ; Km et l.,,**/ ; l# e-byrnes nd Berne,,**1 ;
:, 253 61 II v P T Pv VM r G + M PPvV r v Fg. + Schemtc model of flowng system GT,1-. +/ There s gs exchnge between the commodty nd ts envronment, nd between the envronment nd the sde of the resprtory + chmber. n F r r re Dt* F d n n rf F v dt R R RE rrm rrm rerem U d n n U * F U FUv dt v n n n n UE + U n F FrrrE Tnk,,**0 Dt F n n n F DtrDtF DtvD n U n d rf v U U dt U,,E E r RrM RrM RErEM,,E
254 62 1, -,*+* U F F F R R r r R r r r re r U EQR R r r RQR R r r Fonsec et l.,,**, + E + EQ RQ + * r E + RQ + EQ + + E + + EQ RQ E RQ n n U n r F EQ RQ + + EQ U E R r M R RQ r M R r M + + EQ E * n F F, RQ hchn nd gt, +311 * *1. RQ+-. r F F Kder nd Sltvet,,**- EQ Kder,**, * EQ**+. F n F F F r n r F RQ R r M R RQ r M R r M RQ E - III n F F F r r r * r r F R R E + RQ RQ R R + RQ R R E E E + E + * E E n n r F r r r E * EQ * RQ n + F F + r RQ + RQ ERQ + +, * RQ + + R E + R E E E E E E n n E E RQ E ERQ E E E RQ
:, 255 63 RQ + E * E * E * RQ RQ + RQ + RQ RQ + RQ + RQ RQ + RQ RQ + :, RQ + + RQ +. R R U, R, R R +.* +* x *. 33/ +* R +.*/ +* x x x *./ E +** / E R x R ++. +*./. E x +**../ R 3. 3 +* *./+ E +** */+. EQ E +** *./ / RQ, - */., R R / R, */. / :, EQ RQ + + EQ RQ R :, + *1. RQ +.. * EQ **+. */. lypool RQ, A B E +** :, / */. A B / */. +, +1. b */. / +-.*. Fg., Reltonshp between resprtory quotent nd flow centrton correspondng to ether / or */. of the reltve error by ventonl formul (A) utflow centrton of, nd the reltve error of, evoluton rte (B) utflow centrton of, nd the reltve error of, uptke rte : A reltve error of, evoluton rte s from / to */., nd ts vlue s +1. by Eq. ( +, ). b : A reltve error of, uptke rte s from */. to /, nd ts vlue s.*. by Eq. ( +-).
256 64 1, -,*+* + + EQ - */. / E RQ EQ EQ - RQ EQ / - E +** / */., EQ *.***+ E E n F +** +0. 1 EQ *.*+ EE +** r *,. n, F Fg. - Reltonshp between resprtory quotent nd n n H n flow correspondng to ether U U,. / or n n */. of the reltve error of H producton, UU,. rte by ventonl formul n n UU : EE +** +0. 1 ( )t EQ *.***+,nd EE +** *,. ( ) t EQ **+. by Eq. ( +. ). n n UU, lypool nd Keefer, +3., n n F UU n n */. F Mtsumoto et l., +3/1 F n F n U, - :, n n UU :, RQ,, s, b s n n n +*. +* UU r F :, RQ +., +** +* +**,* EQ * n s Fr +* n s F r +* s s+ RQ ++., EQ RQ *2. RQ *2/. RQ RQ +
:, 257 65 c D lypool lypool nd Keefer, +3., Mtsumoto et l., +3/1 */. *+. +.* Fdler Fdler nd North, +301 */. c D * c D c D +** *./ r r r r n E F r + E n F c n D E * c n n est D *,+. R :, /*,** R n c est mx est D R, R, R :, *1. n c D E RQ RQ +-. * EQ **+. EQ n n est s n est. mn mx mn mx s est est EQ EQ EQ RQ RQ RQ *./ +* R R, s s.*+ F R M * / +*.,0F R M s - r n n c + mn F c + D + mn EQ s- D RQ r mn mn mx mn n n c mx mx F c + D + RQ + EQ R R R. R :, D mx mn R -/. R *1. +-. * **+. mn mx R R R s- :,. mx R M n c + mn c + D + mn EQ D RQ n mn F R M+* mx R M n c mx mx c + D + RQ + EQ D n mn F R M+*, M R mn EQ mn log EQ c D +** *./ n c F D c D mx mn R -/. R + * *+. / R mn mn +* mn
258 66 1, -,*+* mx D * c mx */. D D * :,, mx c mx N D * D D * D * t F F 0 :,,N F F + r r r F n F r r r n n F F F n :, c mn mx mn D ***/. RQ *1. RQ +-. EQ mx n * EQ *.*+ *. 3313 F F +.**+0 n F F *,. n * F t F n F F t * t + h 1s n n r F F * + exp t F v U U r * tvf n F F v F ****+. v ****+. ln mx c tm ln n mx D * D F D * D * D * t vf c ln *.***+ D U N t t Dt t Dt *.***, :,, N Dtm*.***+ tmt+ v t D t t ln tln /* F * D * t :,,N *.***+ vf, ln */. n F F. :,, *,. N t D t *.***+ t D * :,,N m Dt *.***+ D * :,, N n n c n c n n D D c n c D D D * n B * :,,N D * mx D * mx c c D * mxb B D B B D c c B D B D U m N N N N N m n + :,,N R R n n E E mx c n m n est mx + n
:, 259 67 +. Tble + Numercl vlue of the stnt nd vrbles used for smulton (Fg.. Symbol Vlue Symbol Vlue R R RQ EQ M F F F **+. * + * n n *,+. * + *,+. n N *12. N * + *13. est est + +, mmol kg h + +, mmol kg h *, *, **,. *,+. est + N *, *11. est * G + + 2-+. J K mol */. kg P / +*+. +* P c *.**/ Pv -,.-. +* P n,mx. n,ve. n,mn. + +*** mmol h + 0** mmol h +,** mmol h T V r,* / L + + kg L +,, re tow sets of ntl centrton. mn est mx mn R :, RQ RQ RQ est mx mn EQ EQ EQ M c n D,** F +***. +, + mmol h +, +, * :,,N + : * * mx D * *.*+/, : * **,. +, c : +** *./ tm n.0. vftm n /*. vf b: n + c, d, e : F mmol h +***,** 0** + Fg.. hnges n, n flow gs of flowng est M, rr M system P T T +** The three flow rtes (mx., ve., mn.) were set Pv V r to two ntl centrtons (# +, #,). # + : * * c. D +** */. #, : * **,. : Mxmum centrton t cceptble df- b c ference +** *./ ( ) b b : Mnmum centrton for preventng cnmum, cellton of sgnfcnt dgts c, d, e : Rnge of tm by Eq. (,/) t the mx- verge, nd mnmum flow, respectvely b * * + b. r n F n n F F * :, * *.*,,. n c D
260 68 1, -,*+* n c * D B : nflow centrton mnus ntl cen- n c * D trton ( ) * *.*,, : gseous volumetrc centrton ( ) n * *,+., D : d# erence wth the centrton of stedy stte ( ) E : reltve error ( ) M M EQ : ethylene producton quotent ( ) n F F + rte of chnge of gseous quntty (mmol h ) + : flow rte (mmol h ) + + : gs stnt (J K mol ) v t M : mss of smple (kg) v P : pressure (P) R : evoluton, uptke, H producton v + + rte (mmol kg h ) V RQ : resprtory quotent ( ) T : temperture ( ) v IV, : Superscrpts + : densty of smple (kg L ) : speces of gs or objects m : strt of mesurement v : vpor + RQ : resprtory quotent - U : optonl gs wth regrd to resprtory metbolsm. * c : cceptble dton + : ventonl formul / 0 1 est : estmted vlue n : nflow mx : mxmum vlue mn : mnmum vlue : flow : modfed formul of flowng system n stedy stte 2 Symbols nd Abbrevtons r : s : ndex determnng the frst dgt of sgnfcnt fgures of centrton ( ) t : tme (h) v : mount of dry gs (mmol) F G V : volume of resprtory chmber (L) r t : tme stnt (h) Subscrpts : mount of dry gs : E : N: N,,,. or evoluton rte,, H or H producton rte,.,., or uptke rte,, References Ble, J.B., Shepherd, A.D., +3.+. Resprton of ctrus fruts n relton to metbolsm of fung (Prt + ). Amer. J. Botny,,2 (),.,0-,1*. hchn, K., gt, K., +311. Resprtory Metbolsm. gt, K. Ed., An Introducton to Preservton of Fruts nd Vegetbles (Sek Hozo Hnron) (n Jpnese). Kenpkushy, Tokyo, -0. lypool, L.L., Keefer, R.M., +3.,. A colormetrc method for, determnton n resprton studes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sc.,.*, +11 +20.
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