IXELUAIMOI TOY IYITHMATOI OPTOIHI-METAcK>PAI ME EKIKA41EII/410PTOTEI KAI XOMATOYPfiKA AYTOKINHTA

/ / T XNIKO EniMENITHPIO EMA~ f"j'a~eio 'ffik~lhpiqd-il' IXELUAIMOI TOY IYITHMATOI OPTOIHI-METAcK>PAI ME EKIKA41EII/410PTOTEI KAI XOMATOYPfiKA AYTOKINHTA r.n. navayiwtou To~tac; MeraMeunKric; E.M. no>.urexveio EIIAfOfH To ouorru.ja <p6prwo11c;-~era<popac; nou anore>.&ira1 an6 ekoka<peic; ~ovou Ka6ou (shovels, roane<;) ri <poprwrtc; KOI xw~aroupyika aurokivnra, eiva1 no>.u 61a6&00I.Jtvo or1~ unai8p1ec; ~ TOM&UTIKE<; KOI >.aro~ike<; &K~ETO>.>.EU0 1<;.\6yw TWV 0111.JavTIKWV ni.&ovtktjli.jotwv nou napouoi0~ 1, ~&TO~U TWV onoiwv OJli.JOiVOUOO 9EOI1 KaTE)(tl 11 ~OiptTIKfl EUEAI~ia TOU. H e<pap~oyfl rou ouorfl~aroc; aurou ora opu)(tia rou J\1yvmKou Ktvrpou nro>.e!.jaioac; - A~UVTOiOU napouoj0~ 1 OIOKiVJ1011 TWV OKi.JlpWV ay6vwv OXI'WOTIO~WV. 1610iT&po e:voio<ptpov >.6yw Tile; OUOIOOTJKflc; OUI.Jf30>.fl<; TOU OTI")V H &nlruxri<; YKOTOOrOOr] KOI >.e:noupyia TOU avwrtpw OUOTfli.JOTOc; 0& I.Jia &KI.J&T0>.>.&UOJ1 e~aprara1 ano tvav orwavrrk6 apr9~6 napay6vrwv, 01 onoior, ornv <peon rou oxe:6iooi.jou rou ouorili.jotoc;, o~aoonorouvrar one; &~ric; Karrwopiec;: &niaovri rou &~oni.ioi.jou OX&6IOOI.JO<; rwv OOOV I.J&Ta<popac;, 9EOtWV <p6ptwoi1c; Kal XWpulV an69t011<; ntx 1pJ10IOK6<; OX 0100~6<; TOU OUOTrii.JaToc; 6a nptne:1 VO OJ1j.J 1W9e:i OTI 11 KTrlOll KOI ~UnJ1pETI1011 TOU t~onaioi.jou anam~i OJli.JavTIKE<; e:m::v6uo&i<;, &VW TO KOOTO<; A&ITOUpyiac; KOI OUVTrlPI10I1c; TOU OUOTfli.JaTO<; (I.JilXOVrli.JaTO KOI oooi I.J&Ta<popac;) e:ivar e:~mper1ka U4JllA6, um::peaivovrac; oe: noma unai9pta opu)(tia To 50% TOU OUVOAIKOU KOOTOU<; &KI.J&TO>.A&UO!l<;. To yeyov6c; aur6 t::mf3.0>.>.e:l rov i.&moi.j&pr') oxeolaoi.j6 rou ouorr;~aroc; KOI TllV ~e>.trn Twv napai.j&tpwv &Ke:ivwv nou &nr)pea~ouv Tnv A&ITOUpyia rou, r01 WOrt VO &nituyxovovtal TO f3ti.rioto anot&atoi.jatc I.JE TO I.J1Kp6n:po OUVOTO KOOTO<;. EnlAOfH TOY E:::On/\IIMOY H em.>-.oyr') TOU Tunou KOI 1.J&yt9ouc; TOU ce:oni.ioi.jou nou Sa XPr)OII.JOnOJr)9ti 0& tva OUOTJli.JO <p6prwonc;-~.a:ra<popac; e:~aprara1 Kar'apxriv an6 roue; Kinw9t napciyovrec;: 1

TIW ytw,\oyrkri Bo~ri TOU KOITOO~OTO<; rrw ronoypa<pia Kal nc; K>.r~aro.l.oyrKtc; ouv9riktc; Tfl<; nepro)(li<; TIC; anamiotj<; Tf"l<; napaywyric; Tf"lV OIOpK 10 TOU tpyou TO KOOTO<; KTriOf"l<; KOI.l.tiTOUpyiac; TOU &~On>.IOIJOU nc; anarrr;ocrc; yta anokaraoraoll rou neprf3c:i..\aovroc; Tl<; q>uoike<; KOI ~f"lxcvike<; IOIOTf"lT <; TWV n&tpw~crrwv ra orarretij&va npoc; entvouon Ktq>a>.ara rrc; e:rorktc; anarrr;oetc; rnc; tk~&ra».euon<; Eivat npocpavtc; OTI ll tukoaio ~ Tf"lV onoia ~CTO<ptp&TCI tva UAIKO EiVOI OUVOplflOf"l TWV IOIOTriTWV TOU U>.iKOU KOI TOU runou TOU ~ETOq>OpiKOU IJtOOU. IT11V TtW<; EIU. yivetoi XPriOfl TOU "6&iKTf"l IKOVOTflTO<; M&Taq>opac;" (nt), 0 onoio<; OiVCTOI an6 TflV o)(tort (Rzhevsky, 1985):!It = 0.6y + 5d.A + 20w. k.b.c ( 1) 6nou: v d A w k 8 c f3apoc; ~ovaooc; 6yKOU ~ETCtp p61j&vou n&tpwijato<;, tjm 3 ~EOfl OIC~trpoc; TE~OXiWV, m = 1 + 0.01 OS os otat~f"ltikri avroxri rou n&tpwijato<;, Kgjcm 2 noooor6 uypaaiac; rou nerpw~aroc;, % m;pt&xoij&vo rou nerpw~aroc; o& apyraika-ko>.>.won u>.jka, % t = 1 + log(t 1) xpovoc; ~eraq~opac;, h = 1 -o.o2s e e eep~okpaaia neptf3a».ovroc;, OC (1J6vo yra 98p1JoKpaoiec; Kerrw rou pnoevoc;) M& f3cof"' TOV 6&iKT11 IKOVOTf"lTO~ KOTf"lVOPiEc;: Mtraq>opac; TO n&tpwj.jato KaTaTCOOOVTCI one; KOTW91 KaTf"lVOPia EuKo.l.ia Meraq~opac; II Ill IV v no.l.u &UKO.l.a EuKo>.cJ Evora~ : tor'j 6UOKOAO no>.u ouako,\a KCTOOTOOf1 <= 2 2-4 4-6 6-8. 8. 10 2

LUIJ<pWVO IJ TrlV OVWTtpW KOTOTO~Il TO )('WIJOTOUpyiKO OUTOKiVr}TO e:ivoi KOTOMr}AO YIO Tr}V IJETO<popa ne:tpwijotwv nou EXOUV nt < = 8, EVW 01 TOIVIO~poiJOI e:ivoi KCTOAArtAOI yta UAJKO IJ nt < = 4-5 KOI r'l OIOI1pOopOIJIKri IJETO<popa EV~&iKVUTCI '{10 ntt~ijoto IJ& nt < = 10.. Mr'lxavtu.aara cpoprwonc; Eva l..lf'lxovrlija cp6prwonc; y1a va e:iva1 ano~onk6 nptne:1 va napouo1a~e:r u~pnm napaywyrkoti1to, O~IOniOTia, X01Jr)>.6 KOOTO<; >.E:ITOupyiac;, n V&WJ..IE:Tpia KOI n OUVOj.JIKOTflTO rou va e:ivar npooapijooijevf'l npoc; e:keivn rou j.j&oou J..IETa<popac;, Kar Tt>.oc; va rkavonore:i Tl<; f:ioike<; anaitriotl<; Tl1<; Kj.J TOMEUOI1<;. Y~pf1Ni napaywy1k6tf1tc e:mruyxavr:ra1 orav ro IJFlXOvf'liJO txer IJIKpouc; XP6vouc; nai;p<..~ofl<;, m:pupopac; KOI tkkevwofl<; TOU KOOOU, OTCV 0 X 1pi01JO<; TOU tivci ana6c; KOI Ov&TO<; yra TOV XEipiOTri TOU, KOI OTOV 11 AEITOUpyia TOU oe:v e:nnpe:o~e:tal 0~ IJEYOAO 609J..IO an6 TO OOn 00 nopt:iac; TOU. l:t OTI acpopa TOV XPOVO nt.r;pwonc; TOU KO~OU, OUT6<; tivoi OUVOPTf'lOFl Tr)<; oraetoii..jfl<; an6 ro IJf'lXOvf'liJO ot:jvai..jnc; y1a o1e:ioouon rou Kaoou oro IJETwno fl orov owpo TOU nttpwj.joto<;, KOSW<; KOI Tr)<; avtiotoixfl<; OUIIOIJI'l<; 9pOUOFl<; nou avantuooe:i 0 KOOO<;. To KOOTO<; A&ITOUpyia<; npokunt 1 an6 Tr)V JUv9 0r) TOU KOOTOU<; Kt<paAOiOU, epyatjkwv, e:vtpye:io<;, OUVTr)pr}Of'l<;, KOI TOU KOOTOU<; XPFlOij.JOnOillOil<; 60I19f1TIKOU ~OnAJOj.JOU e:pyaoiec; nou txouv OIJEOr'l oxton IJ& ro tpvo rnc; cp6ptwonc;. 6nwc; eivat n epauo11 unep IJEYtSWv OYKWV, r) OIOIJOp<pWOfl KOI 0 K090p10p6<; TOU 'OOnEOoU nopeia<; KOI 11 IJE:TO<pOpO UAJKWV OTOV ~po <p6ptwoi1<; y1a TllV 8 EATiWOf'l Til<; np6ocpuoi1<; TOU ~aneoou (n.x. OIJIJOXCIAJKo, lntoijevfl rtcppa). '{10 :Lnc; e:rorkt<; anartr)oe:rc; Til<; tkije:ramwonc; e: i 1101 ouvarov va m:p r>.aijaavovraii..je:ta~u aa>.wv, J11KCVOTJ1TO TOU ~OOAlOIJOU yra KA KTIKr) Q!,1tJArllpl'l, 11 E:UKIVf'lOiO TOU y1a VO IJ&TOKIVE:iTal KOI va ~unnpe:tti ota<pope:nkt<; etoe:1c; cp6ptwor1c;, Katn e>.tvx61jtvi1 tkktvwon rou Kaoou ornv ne:pintwoi1 nou <poptwvovtoi netpwijotc IJ TF..:IJO)(IO IJEVO>.oU IJEYe90uc;. :Lnc; OUYXPOVE:<; EKIJE:TaA>.e:uoe:rc; o e: ~on>.1op6 r; cp6ptwoi1<; nou XPI1011JOnottiTOI 0 OUVOUOOJ..IO IJE: TO )('WIJOTOUpytKO OUTOKiVr)Ta OIOKp ; VE:Ta ~. KUpiw<; OTOU<; ~flc; tp&i<; TUnOU<;: HX&KTptK6 muo IJ& OUPIJOTO'JXO!' IO (electric cable shovel) YopauAIK6 muo (hydraulic s h o,,.~ l) E>.aortKo<p6poc; apepwr6c; c~-;_, prwr ftc; (front-end loader) To 11AtKTptK6 muo &ivai ~'.;;va o:nooe:oe:ty!jevo O~IOniOTO J..lllXOvf'lJ..IO j.je: XOIJilAO KOOTO<; Xe:JToupyiac; KOI ouvrr'}r~i10f1<;, 1J8YCAI1 orapk 10 &nix 1Pf10IOKr)<; ~Wfl<; (20 30 ETI1) KOI 3

KOTOOKEUO~ETOI l-je KOOOUc; TWV onoiwv I") XWPflTIKOTilTO q>90v 1 TO 50m 3. 110 f.6you<; nou Oq>Eii.OVTOI OTI")V oxeoiaol") TOU Spaxiova, 0 KOOO<; KOTO TflV EKOKa<pri Olaypa<p 1 TPOXIO nou Ol-JOIO~ EI l-je TO n:rapti")ljopio EAAEilpl")<; nou Eq>C:lrrrETal OTO oaneoo nopeia<; KOI EX 1 KaTOK6pU<pO TOV l-jeyoao O~OVO. Tol.JTO Ol")l-JOiV 1 OTI, EllEIOri f) EKOKO<pri npayljotonoieitoi OX 66v Ka9'6>.o ro l-jriko<; Til<; rpox1a<;, Bev EiVOI owarri aq>'ev6c; ~BV 11 BKAEKTIKri an6f.i14jll TOU m:tpwljoto<;, a<p'ertpou OE I") EKOKO<pfl OE Enin 00 XOlJflAOTEpO an6 EKBiVO TOU oaneoou nopeia<;. Ira ljeiovektriljara rou l-lll XOVri~mroc; Sa nptm:t va avaq>ep8ouv 11 aouvaljia rou va KIVEiTOI 0 KAi0 1<; ljeyoautepe<; an6 1 :20, EVW >..6yLJ TOU ~11X<JVJO~OU EKKEVLJOI")<; TOU KOOOU, oev eiva1 ouvarri 11 >.. YXOIJEVI1 an6pp14jll rou nepiexoijtvou rou Kaoou oto IJEOO ljeta<popac;. To uopau>..1k6 nruo napoua~ao81")ke one; apxtc; rrtc; 5 Ka Tiac; Tou '70 we; o1aooxoc; rou I")AEKTpiKOU ntuou, TO onoio KOI n :iv 1 VQ OVTIKOTOOTri0 1 >..6yw TWV OI")IJOVTIKWV n>..eovekti")ljarwv r10u napouo1a~e1 tvavn aurou, KOTaoKeua<;eral Be lje XLJPI1TIK6TI")Ta Kaoou nou <p8ave1 ra 35 m 3. EX 1 TI")V ouvar6ti")ta va e~opuooe1 m: Utpl")>..6repo Kal XOlJI")AOTepo enim:oo an6 EKEiVO TOU oaneoou nopeia<;, EVW lje Tr)V qa>.ayri TOU"KOOOU ljetotpenetoi OE TOano OU~OVOVTO<; nep01rtpw TO f3a9oc; BKOKO<pri<;. AVOnTUOOEI ~Eya>.. <; OUVOIJEI<; EKOKO<pric; KOI tx 1 TI")V ouvar6ti")to va e~opuooe1 nerpw~ara nou o1a<ptpouv OfliJOVTIKa we; np6<; Tl<; IOIOTI")TE<; roue;. 01 UOpOUAIKOi l-lllxovioijoi TOU f3paxiova TOU KOOOU En!Tptnouv TflV EKOKO<pri AEnTWV EVOTpWOELJVnETpWIJOTWV, yeyov6<; nou TO K0910TO KOTClA>.fl,\O y1a EKAEKTIKri an6,\l")lpfl. LI11JOVTIK6 enionc; n>..eovtkti")ijo Eiva1 ro y yov6c; 6n o X 1plmric; txe1 rnv ouvar6ri")ta va e>..tyxe1 rov pu81j6 &KKtvwol")<; rou Kaoou, KOTI To onoio eiv01 101airepa OI")IJOVTIK6 6rav <poptwvovtoi oykwoi") TEIJOXIO netpwijoto<; OE XWIJOTOUpyiKQ OUTOKiVflTO. LTOV nivoko 1 napouoio~ovtoi OpiOIJEVO XOPOKTr)piOTIKQ IJ YE8r) EVO<; uopau>..ikou Kal EVO<; r)>..ektpikou muou IJE Kaoouc; io11c; XWPI1TIK6Tr)rac;. An6 Tr)V ouykplori roue; npokunrel 6n To uopau>..ik6 nruo EX 1 oxeo6v OlnAOOIO TOxLJTr)TO nopeiac; KOI TO IJIOO aapoc; AEITOupyiac; an6 8K8iVO TOU I")A8KTp1KOU ntuou. ninakai 1 IuyKpiOI") H>..EKTpiKOU KOI Yopauf.IKOU nruou HAEKTPIKO ntyo YllPAYAIKO ntyo I LXYL ('r<w) 1450 1570 nielh Enl EllA410YL (N j cm 2 ) 26 14 TAXYTHTA nopeia:l (Km/ h} 1.16 2.10 XOPHTIKOTHTA KALlOY (m 3 ) 23 23 BAPOL AEITOYPriAL (t) 885 485 4

s ~ljonq0!31q ~ljrtdaqq ~~>IIQI3 ID>I noqq>t )oj.i.jj.q>mljdmx ortrtodaqiv ~ ofil;jxi W"nn 'AOVY>I Y.1Hl0>111HdCX ~ ~ s~ o~ s o ~ 0 09 OCH // f- OS~ ()(2 em 00& WWh-l':rH~Av:mtv HriVNAV H)fJVJ3 Last OJ.!a{Jdaun DA!adour1 AaQ ~ljj. l;jr11j. ljj.oia~rf lj Q'(YD 'nojdln3'(3j. noj. D!dJ.3r1M3A AlJJ. QUO 10)1 DAO!XDd{J no.liodqai'((l>l!o>ii'(nocfgn 10 AnOOO(lJ.llOAO nou l.jrtoa(lq AlJJ. QUO IDJ.3~!dOIQOOdU noqw Q0>41'(nodgn noj. ljomw!dau Al.JJ.O oumj.~rl 010 noqq>f no1 SLJonQ0!31Q LlrtDAQQ H (noj. SL;Jrt>fo SlJJ. Sno>tl;Jr1 DQQAOr1Qi\O noqq>f noj. SuonQOJ3tQ ljrfoaqq l.ja~r1aijad) SIJonQ0!31Q )1Jr1DA(IQ -)l;j>t1q13 IO>f OOQQ>f )OJ.IJ.LQ>fiJ.IJdMX orlrtodaqtq OJ. IOJ.3~QIOOOdou ~ or1l:jxi Oli 'l;jj.mj.dodl OdQd>O>!I10D'(3 AO.L 3r1 nojd.ln3'(3.l no.ll.jotd>taqo lj ra~q1onodcu Aod~d>DIQJ\3 'AM.Ll;JAt>fOJ.no At:J>ItAdnomrfMX Sl.JoMJ.dQd> Sa,ocAda Srw OQW Q>tl'(nodgn 01 QUO QO>tldJ.>t3'(ll no1 Sl.JooJ.OQJ.O>fiJ.AO 1Jot;>1 ALl.L lja~rtogag 3V'J '!OXod.L to Ano~QJ.UOAD OJ\ AQodourt nou SlJ~;l SlJrfOAQQ SL;Jd>ftrf )l.j.l MAQ'( UA~rfotdOtdau 10/\!a '"MJ.QrtMd.L3U At;l>IO'(Drf ID>f OrfQ>fO ')l;jd>o>io>fa OJ.UJ.Q.LOJ\nQ lj C,Aa '~3\'Q ~?>fij.>fljd>t3 art ~lj~ndq~ OltiQ.I.OdUIOA!3 nou /\MJ.QrfMd.L3U ljom.ldqdl AI.Jl DIA )MJdn>l Soyl..r'(YQ.LD>f IDA!3 Sl;JJ.MJ.dod> ~dqdlo>tij.ody3 o no1 So!AdnoJ.I3'( SoJ.OQ>f 01 Q>fiJ.AOr1Lio 131\Q~no nou SoltloAQdou So~ IOJ\!3 "">ftj.00'(3 AM.L noyyq~a t;>doed> H 'At:~XodJ. AMJ. SLJond>o<;>du SIJA~r1Mtar1 MAQV. ogauqq Q>toyortao l;jj.m.ldod> no1 D!AdnoJ.I3'( AlHIJJ.OAQQO QJ.OISD>f 'no.l OQQ>f AO.LtaOc,tt3>f>fa DJ\ ID>f ta.or,dl.lyu OA DIA )~3An0 101!3/\1>1 llq )Q/\OA3A 0 l )IJOMJ.dQd> odt:~x hold nog~uog noj. Qor1otdoeo>4 1o>1 SlJoMd>d<;>r1otQ orfi.jaqxl.jrt SM SMAQdXAno IOJ.!31ouor11oi.JdX OA 1o>1 QYYO OI~Q.LoAda ow oo~rt Sl.JoMldQd> Srao~e S;lyyou r;>>mogouo!3j.adi.junja oa rau~d1111a no1 SD!adou D.LIJJ.QXD.L l.r(j:?a3r1 H w l ~ rdx~rf OOQQ>I OJ.lJ!Q>fi!LidC"lX 10>1 l.l/w)! Sv 01 laar;>sd> nou SOJ3dou DJ.IJJ.r)XOJ. art 'orfljaqxi.jrt OJ.UAJ>In3 Q>IIJ.3dloja OJ\~ IOA!3 Sl,u.MJ.dod> Sod<;>d>O>IIJ.Ooya o

( ) VIVaiJBVO TOU f3apou<; TOU \Jr"lXOVriiJOTO<; Bni TOV OUVTBABOTii Tplf3ri<; TWV BpnUOTpiWV \JB TO oan 00 nopgia<;. LTr)V ne:pinrwon TOU <j>optwtf] n \JEYIOTn OUVO!Jn OIBiOOUOn<; IOOUTOI \l TO YIVaiJBVO TOU f3apou<; TOU \lnxovriijoto<; nou OOKE:iTOI OTOU<; KIVnTriplOU<; TPOXOU<; Bni TOV ouvre:..\e:otri npaa<puonc;. To Olaypa!JIJO TOU LXriiJOTO<; 1 KOTOOKe:UaOTnKe: AOIJf3CVOVTO<; OUVTe:..\e:oTri npao<puon<; 0.5 KOI y1a nc; OUO ne:plntwoei<;. Kara rnv \JEAETn e:nion<; TOU OJaypaiJ\JOTO<; Sa npf:ne:1 va..\nq>se:i una4jn KOI TO ye:yova<; ati TO nf.cto<; TOU KCOOU TOU q>optwtf] e:ivoi KOTC no..\u IJEVOAUTe:po - ana TO n..\ato<; TOU KCOOU uopauf.ikou nruou ion<; xwpntikatnrac;, KOI TOUTO e:ne:iori 0 KCOO<; nptne:1 va Ka>.unre:J ro n>.aroc; rwv e:1jnpao91wv Tpoxwv r ou <poprwtri. To!Je:ya..\o n..\ato<; Kat n ybw!je:rpia rou Kaoou rou <poprwrri txe:t e:nionc; we; ouvtne:1a va napouoic~ei on!jovtikc \Jl KpaTe:pn BIOIKri OUVOIJn epauonc; EVOVTI TOU KCOOU uopau..\ikou nruou ion<; xwpnnkarnta<; (LXriiJa 2}. H xpovjkri 61apKe:ta Tou KuK>.ou <paprwonc; rou uopau>.1kou muou e:iv01 oa<pwc; IJIKparBpn ana e:ke:ivn Tou <poptwrri. LTOV n ivaka 2 napou01a~ovr01 01 IJBOOI xpavo1 rwv 61a<papwv <paoe:wv rou Kl.JK..\ou <p6prwo11<; nou napouoiaoav tvac; <poprwrric; CAT 988 8 IJB xwpnrjkat!lto Kaoou 5.4 m 3 KOI tva uopau>.1ka nruo O&K RH 40C!Je: Kaoo XWP11TIKarnrac; 5m 3, nou f]rav 350 EI~IKH ~YNAMH 9PAYI:HI:, N/mm 300 250 200 T&pauA.n:6 lltuo 150 100 EA.aot. ~optwtl\~ 50 5 15 20 25 XCPHTlKOTHTA KA~OY, cu.m LXi11 'a 2. LltaypaJ.JJ.la xwpnnkarnrac; Kaoou Kat e:1o1kri<; ocnaj.ln<; epauo11<;. 6

ninakai 2 Xp6vo1 KuK,\ou c;>oprworjc; (sec). qjaieii KYKJ\OY YllPAY/\IKO ntyo RH40C ck)ptothi CAT 9888 n/\hpoih KAAOY 10.2 10.8 nepi4'0pa 6.6. nopeia npoi XA. 10.2 EKKENOIH KAAOY 2.4 4.8 nepiqjopa 6.0. nopeia npoi METOnO. 9.6 IYN0/\0 25.2 35.4 EVKOTE:OTil~tVOI OTO i5to ~E:T<.uno e:v6c;,\qto~e:iou OOfJE:OTOAi80U KOI cp6ptwvov );'W~OTOUpytKC aurokivilto. 0 ~tkp6te:poc; xpovoc; rou KUKAou <p6prwonc; nou napouoiaoe o RH40C ti)(e oav anor A o~a 11 ~ton wptaia an65oon rwv 5uo ~nxavn~arwv va 6ta~opcpwae:i oe 600 t/h yta TOV RH40C KOI oe: 450 tjh yta TOV CAT 9888 (Chrlstoph,1991). Eva a,\ao on~e:io nou a~i~e:t va ava<pe:p8e:i e:ivat ro ye:yov6c; 6Tt o )(Etptatf)c; rou u6pauaikou muou txe:t ~tkp6te:po <p6pro e:pyaoiac; oe: ouykpton ~e: rov o6ny6 Tou <poprwtf), o Te:>.turaioc; npe:ne:t va ~e:raktve:i ro ~llxovrj~a ouve:xwc; ~era~u rou ~e:rwnou Kat Tou auroktvfitou nou <poptwve:toi. Enio11c; 0 XE:IpiOTf)c; TOU u6pouatkou muou ~nopei VO E:AtY)(EI Tr'}V KK VWOI1 TOU K060U Un&pOvW TOU OUTOKIVf)TOU IJE:IWVOVTO<; E:TOI Tl<; KaTanOvfi0 1<; TOU KlfltuTiOU KOI TOU OUOTf)IJOTO<; OVOpTr)Oil<; KOTO TllV <poor) Til<; q>6ptwof'l<;. TE:Aoc; 0 OTI acpopa Tr)V E:KAeKTIKf) an6arj4ji1, an6 TO Ixfi~a 3 Ka8iOTOTOI npocpavec; OTI TO uopau,}jk6 nruo E)(Et rnv 6uvar6TrJTa va 6te:to6uoe:t Tov Ka5o Tou nap(l\arli.a npoc; To 5am:5o nope:iac; TOU, npoktiko 0& 6)..o TO U4JOc; TOU IJE:TWnOU, KOI VO OKOAOU8E:i onota6f)non: TpOXJO e:koka<pf)c; e:meu~e:i, oe: avriee:orj IJE: wv <poprwrf) rou onoiou o Ka6oc; nptne:t va 5re:roou&t OTO IJE:rwno oro u4joc; rou oantoou nope:iac;. 7

A L (. LXri~a 3. TpOXIC KCOOU KOTC TrlV cp6ptwoj1, (a) uopau>.tkou muou, (6) cpoprwrri. Xc.lJJaTOUPVIKO OUTOKiVJ1TO H tnt>.oyf) TOU TUnOU TWV XW~OTOUpytKWV OUTOKIVf)TWV (XA} OXE:Ti~tTOI KOT'apxf)v C~ 00 ~ TOV Tp6no tkk&vwonc; TOU cpopriou roue;. J:nc; ouvxpovec; unai9pttc; tk~era>j.e:uottc; EX 1 emkparriotl 11 XPilOt~onoinoll XA omoeiac; tkk&vwonc; ~e KtSWr1o runou V ri enineoo, r6oo y1a Tr)V ~~Tacpopa ay6vwv 000 KCI ~&TCMeu~aroc;, ~ IJEYIOTr) OUVO~IKOTflTO 315 t (350 T). Oor6oo, oe: unai9pta avepakwpuxe:ia Kat anok>.etortka y1a rnv ~eracpopa C:tvepaKa, XPf'lOIIJOnotouvrat XA ~e ~nxavto~6 KK&vwonc; an6 rov nu91j&va. EtOIKOT&pa, KOTO TllV tm>.oyr') TOU TUnou KOI TOU 1J&y&9ouc; TWV XA 9a nptntl VO ).ncp90uv un6~pn 01 KOTw9t napoij&t.poi: I I 8.. - - -- -. :-To

H ~UOf') TOU np6<; ~era~opa nerpw~aro<; ij.lty&eo<; TE~CXiWV, uypaoia, Sapo<; ~ovaboc; 6yKou, ouvn::>.eonic; emnmo~aroc;, cpeoponot&<; tbt6rmec;, napouoia uaikwv ~ Ko>J.WB&I<; rbr6tf')te<;) 0 TUnC<;, f') Buva~IKOTf')TC KOI TO xapaktf')piotiko TOU IJflXOVriiJOTO<; <p6ptwoi1<; (U4JO<; KCI rp6no<; EKKEVWOf')<; TOU KaBou) Ta xapakti')plotiko TWV OOOV ~ETacpopac; (anootoo&i<;, K.>JO&I<;, aktive:c; Kaj.JnUAOTf')TO<;, nor6tf')ta obootpwijctoc;) Ta xapaktilpiotiko TOU )(Wpou <p6ptwof')<; (n.x. ne:propioijtvo<; xwpo<; AIYIJWV iowc; obnyrioe:r ornv e:nr>.oyri apepwrou XA) Ta xapaktilpiotiko TOU xwpou an69&0j1<; &KKtvwonc; (tkktvwof'l 0& npavtc; an68&0j1<;, oe: owpouc;, oe xoav11 onaorripa ri BtaoKopnro1J6c; Tau uaikou OTO BC:meBo TJlc; an69e:onc;) H anattouij&vj1 IJ&Ta<poptKri IKOVOTJ1TC TOU XA Ta xapaktjlpiotiko IJ&y 811 TOU KIVJ1Tripa Kar 0 Tp6noc; IJ&T0500J1<; TJl<; KiVIlOJl<; OTOU<; Tpoxouc; (IJJ1XOVIK6 OUOTrliJa ri VTJ1~EAO J1.\EKTptK6) To OUOTf'IIJa avaptj10j1<; KOI ntbiojl<;, f'l axtbiaof'l TOU Kl6wTiOU Kal 0 runoc; TWV &f.aotikwv EtBIKO OUOTriiJara (n.x. aur61jatj1<; >JnOVOJ1<;, BtayvWOJ1<; S>.aawv, EAtYXOU TOU O<pEAliJOU <poptiou, OUOTI')IJrJ VTOniO~OU &IJnOOiWV, autoijatioijoi)!uvtriprlof'l (anaitj10j1 CIBIKWV 1JJ1XOVJ1~0TWV &pya>.&iwv KOI &IBIK&U~tvou npoownrkou, e:napke:ta avramaknkwv, unoarf)p1~11 KOTOOK&uaarri ri avrmpoownou) OIKOVOIJIKO OTOIX&ia (KOCJTO<; KTriOJl<;, A&ITOUpyiac; Kal avra>.aaktikwv) Sa nptne:1 va Or'l!J&tw9ei on n er: t>.oyr; rwv XJ\ Be:v!Jnope:i va yivet av~aptnra an6 e:ke:ivj1 rwv IJF1XOVF11JOTWV <fioptwor)<; IBtaiTf;pa 0 6TI atpopa TO y&wij&tpikc IJ&V0011 KOI Tr)V z:iuvoijikotr)to TWV IJJ1XOVJ11JCITWV. 0 KOBoc; TO U <poptwtikou. ~.ljlxovriijoto<; 80 nptne:r VO C;(tl TI')V OUVOTOTJ1Ta va &KKEVWV&I OTO KEVTpO TOU l<lf3wri :)U TOU ){A, &VW 90 nptnel TO m:pi&xoij&vo 3 5 KOOOV Va Y 1Ji~e:r TO XA. Tt>.oc; 15rair&pJ1 npotjoxri Sa nptnej va ooeti oro uq~oc; tkkevwoilc; TOU Ka5ou. H ntwof'iij&vcawv T&IJOXiWV nr;rpw!,jotwv anc) U4JO<; OTO Klf3WTIO TWV XA npokoati Or)IJOVTIKt<; Karanovi)a&ll~ OTf'IV avaprna f1 rou XA Kar nrpoka>.ti napa!jop<pwoe:rc; oro Ktawrto. 9

Ol noi)1u n01 AMQQ>I Ac,td1 OA3r1QX31d3U 01 3rl IDJ.f)Odl!yu 'VX 01 11Q Q1>13Q ID13A!A 10>1 %00 ~ no(ull no1 noqq>i n01 ~ljomdl!(u Q10000U 'DQQAO r1 AIU 3r1 )OO! f)orioi'(uo~ no1 )o11j1qr1toaeoiq )l,jl.03'(31ano l.jrt'iqun td.l3aqejr1oy. )Qo.tno SQorlo1Aoyoun )no.t~ ~Qdod)o.Larl noy>l(l>l no1 hm3oqd) AMdQd>DIQ hm1 ~nohqdx ~noo~r1 Sno1o 1Dl3;2!DDS DJOUO lj 'vx f)or1erdo nomr1q011dud noj. f)orio1aoyoun )ogoe~r1 l,j>~uogr1no lj I013~'QIOnodou D>IDA!U AO!l ''VX AM! )QdOd>D13r1 10>1 )ljomj.dqd> no'(>i(l~ no.l AM30Qd> AMdQd>DIQ AI'H. )noaqdx )no! QUO D03r1Q IO!QJ.dD~ 10>1 ')ljom1dqd> )o.lor1l,ji\oxl.lrf no1 l.jooqquo l.hdia~r1 1\\.J! QUO l.jd31(l'(oa3r1 IOA!3 01\!3dour1 A3Q Somrlt,Jwno Md~.LMI\0 noj.l.jooqquo l}.loanq lj.loia~rllj ll.q )~1\Dd>odu IOA!3 Sowr1l}wno no!ijooqqud lj!39uiouo!dia3r1 01\ 3.10C, 101~ )IJOMldQd> Dr1L1AQXl.Jr1 010 f393ldiq Of\ 13U~du nou vx oorte1do noa3r1f)oliouo no.1. SQr1ordolgoodu o 13~Qionodou AOd~d>OIQfl3 od31!diqt vx 10>1 )~1M1dod>/oow 3r1 )Qdod>013r1 - Sl.JoMJ.dQd> Somrtt,J1ono no1 Qrloorg3Xo Q>IOiol.Jdr3Xtu3 AOll. oad~ OlD 10>1 Q>IIUMOOdU 010 013'(Qd>Oo l,jyl.jrtln t3x~dou 01\ 10>1 AC,SDYEJ o~o.l3r1 or11j10qiq Q>III\OdX o'(l?a3r1 3r1 'S0101UQI~o toaj3 OA 1au~du SQrio1yuo~a o '(IOrlOI'(UO)s no.1. l,jn3>ioiu3 IO>I l.jol.jdl,.i!ano t1l.j1 ou<;>d1 od3.lq'(ll'('(dld>i AO! QlD>I!313dlJ un~a 10>1 'oad~ OA3r1QAodou OlD )130C,J.UIU3 )JdMX )OJOOAd3 )130~9 ~3dOd>QIQ 30 I)OrlOI'(U0~3 1\MQQAOrt AMJ. I:JAo'('(DA3 D!DEJIOr1D 1\l.ll. 13U?d!IU3 D!d>dor10IOr10 H ' I)Or10I'(U0~3 1\MU(ll J\C,>II.L3dOcbOIQ )Qr19tdO ~Q.LDAnQ )od3.lqd>llr1 0 101!310UOriiOI.JdX OJ\ 13U?dU 09 ''VX AM1 )l.jol.jdl,jlano 10>1 )O!AdnOll3'( )O!OQ>I OlD 10>1 )QdOd>OJ.3r1 01\QdX 1\010 )130C,lli1U3 )~>11139 ~303r1Q 3r1 l,jyl.jrlox IO.LJ3dl.JlOIQ 01\ )l.joji(f)>iuod.lo!ll\0 lj 3!DC, 10.1~ ID.1!3dlJ.LMO 01\ 13U~du DrlMd.t.OQQO 01 )IJOn3'('(Q.t.3r1>13 ~IJ.t. OJ3dOU 1\l.U QJ.D>I )noj. l;fn3>100.10>101\d IJA?r10idOid3U IO.l.J3110UD OA 3.l.OC, 101? ~3r11AQr1 ~noj. QJ.Dr1{,lr1.t. 003.t.I)YOA3r1 01 QlO>l 'IOA!3 Of\ 13U?dU ~QdOd>O.l3rl!OQO IQ (~66 ~ 'AqUBH} ~ljooejqj.3r1 01\QdX 1\0J. Q>lll.I\Drll.Jo 131\Q~no A3Q l,j1no l,jr111 1\Ul QUO M!Q>ILJ MAQU Ac,d10r1AMA!'(O l!(oejd13r1 Q'('(D I as'l AMJ.UI\!3>13 1013AQSr1oy OA 13U?dU 09 ~r:;>dod>o1ar1 Ac,go 1\Ml l.lor<>~ uwuy~g )CJ vx ouo1 o"~rtaa'(lua 01 01A SaA~r1AI3Q3QI\3 1\0~U 10 IUI\!3 nou ~130!'(>1 )O!Ac,cflJ.LDIQ 'AC,>IJI(n 1\MAQAD QdOd>OJ.3r1AIJ! /\1)0!3dlJun)3 nou IOAJ3>13 )M!QI ' )o>~ljrl Q.LDAnQ od3j.qd>llr1 01 AnoX~ DA 13U?du St;>dod>o.tar1 JOQO to :)3J.AOAQdou 19MJ.Q>I 10 I.Jthc;>un A(loed>t.Jy OA 13U?dU 09 )QdOd>DJ.3r1-)lJOMldQd> )O.LOr1l,aono no.l Qr10DIQ3XO Q>IOIOI.Jdr3XIU3 AO.L QJ.O}{ IOlVWHliAI AOl. I OWIVIV3XI IO:>IVIIHd13XIU3

ninakai 3 Yno>.oylo1J6c; anajtouj,jtvou apisijou XA -Y6pauAIK6 nruo RH 120 IJt XWPilTIK6rr1ra Ka6ou (~) XWJ,JOTOUPVIKO AUTOKiVIlTO CAT 777 O(j)SAIIJOU (j)optiou -Bapoc; JJOV06oc; 6yKOU XOAapou m:tpwijoto<; (,) -Xpovo1 KuK>.ou IJtracpopac; q,qptwon {y) MeTaaaon EKKSVWOrj EmOTPO<!lri EAIVIJOi IUVOAIK6c; xpovoc; KUKAOU IJETO(j)Opac; (s) MtTO(j)tpOIJE:VO (j)optio avo XA (a * p * 3] (() -MtyiOTil an66oon nruou [ ~ * 60 1 y] (lj METOcpOpiKri IKOVOTilTO avo XA [ ( * 60 I 6] (11) -AnatTOUJ,Jtvoc; SewpnnK6c; ap1s~j6c; XA [~ I 11] 23m 3 135 t 1.8 tlm 3 1.22 min 2.30 min 0.86 min 2.00 min 0.33 min 6.71 min 124.2 t 6108.2 tlh 1110.6 tlh 5.5 Im.JeJwverat 6n uno nc; napa6oxtc; rwv uno>.oylo~jt,;>v Tou nivaka 3, o ap1sjj6c; rwv anoitouijsvwv XA (n) E~OpTOTOIIJOVOV an6 TOU<; XP<)vouc; TWV <poo&wv TOU KUKAOU IJETacpopac; Kal npokunrej an6 rnv oxton: n = (2) 6nou: tt tl OUVOAIKO<; XPOVO<; KUKAOU IJETO(j)OpQ<;, min xpovoc; (j)6prwonc;, min Onwc; tivoi npocpavtc; 0 ap1s~j6c; TWV XA nptnet VO tivoi OKtpatoc;, KOI ataa10 TO EpWTr'JIJO eav Sa nptne1 va yivet orpoyyu>.aeuon rou npayj,jotikou StwpnrtKou aplsijou XA npoc; Tov OIJtOW<; IJEVOAUH:po ri IJIKpOTE:po OKSpOIO 6tV &ivoi Ka66AOU OK06111JO'IK6, &Cv.V,cpSci UnOlprj TO U4JilAO KOOTO<; KTrionc; ev6c; ouvxpovou XA. Eav &TliAty&i 0 IJ&V~UTtpoc; aktpa1oc; OrjiJOiV&I OTI TO nruo Sa tivoi ouvexwc; anaoxo.v,j,jtvo, tvw avrtstrwc; eav ema&yti 0 IJ1Kp6T&poc; OKtpatoc; TO XA Sa tivoi OUVt);Wc; "tv KIVriOtl" npok&ijjevou VO KOAUmOUV Tl<; 6UVOTOTI1Ttc; TOU muou. Eva ytvikc ano6tkt6 KpiTr')piO VIO TrjV 6t&ptUVrjOrj TOU OVWTtpw npoa>.fijjoto<; tivoi tke:ivo TOU E:AOXIOTOU KOOTOU<; avo t IJ&TO(j)tpOIJ&VOU nttpwijoto<;. To KOOTO<; KTrionc; KOI AtiTOUpyiac; TOU ~onaioj,jou IJ&Tacpopac; 6ivera1 an6 rov Tuno: (C) nou ouykpon:i TO OUOTrjiJO 11

(3) onou: C sh KOOTO<; KT~OI'}<; KOI AE:ITOUpyiac; TOU muou avo WpO n ap t 9~6c; XA (aktpatoc;) Ctr KOOToc; KT~OI'}<; KOI >.e:ttoupyiac; TOU XA avo Wpa H an6600i'} TOU OUOTiiiJOTO<; IJE:TC4JOpac; (Q) 6iVE:TCI an6 TIC; Ox 0 1<;: Q = s e&v t < n (4) 0 = s. n t e&v t ~ n (5) 6nou: S t ~ty t orn ano6oon rou muou, tjh 9e:Wpi'}TIKO<; 0p18~6c; XA (npay~atiko<; apt9~6c;) To K6oroc; avo t IJCT04Je:p61Je:vou m:rpw~aroc; e:ivat: p = c Q (6) KOI CVTIK09IOTWVTO<; m; ~IOW0 1<; (3), (4) KOI (5) OTrW ~iowof1 (6) AO~f30vOU~e: Tl<; OxE0 1<;: p = Csh + n. Cer s e&v t < n (7) p = ( Csh + n. Cer). t s.n e&v t ~ n (8) EOV R tivoi 0 >.oyoc; TOU KOOTOU<; KTf)Of1<; KOI AtiTOUpyiac; avo WpO TOU ntuo npoc; TO OVTiOTOIXO K6oroc; TOU XA (R = c sh I Ct) 01 t~iowotl<; {7) KOI (8) yivovtoi avriorotxa: = R + n e&v t < n (9) = (R+ n).t n e&v t ~ n (10) npoktl~tvou VO IKCVOnOII'}9e:i TO KpiTf)piO TOU taclxiotou KOOTOU<; ave] t ~ T04Jtp6~CVOU UAIKOU nptm:t 11 Tl~ti TOU ile:ikt11 Koorouc; {P.S/Ct) va yive:t AOXIOTI1. ITO IXJi~a 4 napouoicl~ovtoi 01 KO~nu>.e:c; nou KOTOOKf. lcl0tf1kcv Jjt f300j1 Tl<:; ~IOWO&l<; (9) KOI (10} YIO 12

20 ~EtKTHl: KOl:TOYl: (P.S I Ctr) 18 16 14 R - 2 12 10 8 n - 1 n - 2 n - 3 n - 4 n - 5 i 6 ~------------~----~~~~~- 4 ~------~~--~ 2 A 2 3 4 6ECPHTIK0Il APteMOil XA 5 6 LXri ~a 4. Ka~nUAil CACXJOTOU K6oTou<;. OIC<pope:<; Tl~tc; TOU n, Kat AO~S avovra<; R = 2. H TE9Aao~tvn ne:pti3caaouoo {AB) OiV 1 TOV apt9~a TWV XA nou nptne:1 Va E:ntAe:yei npok 1~8VOU VO IKCVOnOIEiTOI TO KptTr')plO 8ACXJ<1TOU KOOTOU<; {n.x. nptnet Va nta YOUV 3 XA e:av 0 9EWPI1T1Ka<; apt9~6c; TWV XA nou npotku4j an6 TOU<; UnOAOYIO~OU<; SpiOKE:TOI ~ETa~u TWV Tl~WV 2.5 KOt 3.6 KOI TO R = 2). LTrlV ye:vikeu~tvn TOU<; ~Op<pr') TO CVW KOI KCTW 6pta E<pap~oyr')<; TOU J<PITflpioU {t 1 Kat t 2 avtiotoixo) OiVOVTOI ana TJ<; oxtoe:t<;: t = 1 (n-1) (R+n) ( R + n -1) {11) n.(r+n+l) ( R + n) {12) nou on~aive:t on yta Be:Bo~tvo A6yo K6orou<; R, ea nptm:t va e:maeyouv n XA e:av o ee:wpnrtka<; apt91j6<; rwv XA nou npotku4je an6 roue; unoaoytoj.jjl.j<; SpioKe:Tat IJETO~u rwv TI~WV t 1 KOt t 2. ) Oc; napaoe:ty~a. ~e: Saan roue; unoaoyta~ou<; rou nivaka 3, Kat oe:xo~e:vot 6Tt To K6oroc; KTrion<; Kat A troupyia<; rou ~e:v RH 120 e:ivat 35000 Bpxfh rou Be: CAT 777 e:ivat 20000 Opxfh (r')toi R = 1.75), ana Tl~ ~ 10WOE:I<; (11) KOI (12) npokuffi 1 ati yta n = 5, t 1 = 4.69 KOt 13

t 2 = 5.74, ~VW yra n = 6, t 1 = 5.75 Kal t 2 = 6.77. Eno~EVW<;, npokci~evou TO KOOTO<; avo t ~cra<p~p6~~vou ut.rkou va e:ivar e:>.axroro Sa nptne:r va e:nrae:youv 5 XA, e:ne:rbti 11 9twpf1T1Kf) Tl~ti TWV 5.5 XA nou uno>.oyiotf1kc f3pioke:tal IJE:Ta(u TWV opiwv t 1 Kal t 2 yra n = 5. An6 ava>.uoerc; Tou K6oTouc; Kar r 11c; e:niooonc; IJE:ya>.ou apr9j.jou ouotf11jotwv cp6prwollc; IJE:Tacpopac; IJE: UOpaUAIKC ntua KOI XWIJOTOUpytKO OUTOKiVf1TO npoekuqie: OTI 11 TIIJf) TOU.\6you K6oTouc; A KUIJaive:rar IJE:TO~u rwv opiwv 1 < R < 3. ruarriljota nou napouora~ouv A e:kt6c; aunjv Twv opiwv Sa nptm:r va ore:pe:uvwvrar IJE npoooxri yra nreavf) KaKf) npooapljoyf) TWV Tunwv TOU e:(on>.roijou Kal yra une:pf30aiko KOOTo<; A.e:rToupyia<; (Hanby, 1991). Kara TOV uno>.oyioijo TOU anaitouije:vou apr8~0u XA OTOV nivaka 3, XPil01j..JOnorf)9f1KOV Of ~to or xpovor rwv Bra<p6pwv <pam:wv Tou KuK>.ou IJE:Ta<popac;, or onoior Kar 8 Wpf)9nKav OT09F.:poi Ka8' OAI''}V TI")V OICpK 10 Til<; AE:ITOUpyia<; TOU OUOTr'}IJOTO<;. 00TOOO, OTilV npay1jarrk6rnra or XP6vor auroi oe:v e:ivar orase:poi a>.>.a KUIJaivovrar IJ&Ta~u 1Jtoc; IJEyrornc; KOI IJIC<; E:ACXIOTr')<; TIIJri<; akoaou9wvto<; KCnora OTOTIOTIKri KOTCVOIJr'}. H OIQKUIJOVOr') autri TWV XPOVWV TWV <paoe:wv KaTa Tr')V BrapK&Ia Til<; aaporac; EX 1 ouvr;ewc; W<; anortae:oija TllV Bn!Jroupyia oupwv ava!jovr;c; rwv XA one; etoe:rc; <p6prwonc; Kat E:KKtvwonc; li ve:kp(jv xpovwv ava!jovric; rou IJnxavrilJaroc; <p6ptwor'jc; Myw t>.a.e:r4jn<; XA. npoke:iije:vou va IJE:f.E:Til8ti r'l >.e:rtoupyia rou ouotri~ato<; uno aurtc; nc; ouvsrike:c;, we; ll n>.tov KOTCAAilAil j..jt9000<; 8e:wpeiTal E:K ivil H1<; OTOXOOTIKri<; npoooijoiwof1<; Tf1<; A JTOUpyiac; rou. 0 Panagiotou, 1992 ne:prypa<pe:r TllV npooo~oiwon Til<; Ae:rToupyiac; e:koka<ptwv Kar XA oe: unai9pra opuxe:ia IJE: TllV f3ori8e:ra Tr'lc; y>.wooac; npooo!joiwonc; GPSS/H. H e:rorkri autri y>.wooa npoypoijijatroljou r)f.c KTpovrKwv uno>.oyrotwv eivar KarQ)..}.n>.ll yra rnv npoooj.joiwon ouotr)ijotwv ra anoia anote:>.ouvrar an6 tva ouvo>.o orakprrwv yr.yov6rwv Kar m:pr>.a1j8avouv IJOVOOE:<; E:VOIO<ptpovroc; (n.x. XWIJOTOUpytKO OUTOKiVIlTO) nou KUKAO<pOpOUV IJEOO OTO ouotr)ija Kar ouvaywvi~ovrar 11 1Jia TllV a>jj'} yra va e:(unr)pe:rneouv an6 tvav m:propro!je:vo Op191JO 9tOE:WV E:(Unl"}pETf1011<; (n.x. IJilXaVf)j.JOTa <p6ptwoi1<;, 9 0 1<; E:KKEVWOil<;). LTI''}V napouoa e:pyaoia npoooijoiwve:tal TO OUOTr)IJO nou ne:prypa<pe:tal OTOV nivoko 3 npoke:iijevou va e:nr>.e:ye:i o anartouije:vouc; apr91j6<; XA, XPilOIIJOnorwvrac; ouo Kprrripra e;nr>.oyflc;, (a) TO Kp1Ttipt0 TOU IJEYIOTOU IJE:Ta<pOpiKOU tpyou, titoi Tr)<; IJEYIOTf1<; an6500f1<; TOU ntuou KOI (13) TO Kp1Tf)pt0 TOU E:AOXJOTOU KOOTOU<; avo t IJE:Ta<pE:pOIJE:VOU UAJKOU. An6 TI"}V OTaTIOTIKri avoauoil XPOVOIJE:TptiOE~WV TWV <pooe:wv TOU KUKAOU cp6ptwoi1<; npotku4je: OTI 0 XPOVOU<; <p6ptwof1<; akof.ouse:i Tr)V OTOTIOTIKf\ KOTCVOIJti Erlang TO(E:W<; 2 (2-Erlang) IJE: napoijetpouc; a = 50, a = 43.1 KOI avcijev6'1je:vi1 TIIJf\1.16 min, E:VW 01 XPOVOI TWV un6>.ornwv <pooe:wv TOU KUKAOU akoaou90uv KOVOVIKE<; KOTOVOIJE<; IJE: Tl<; CKOAOUSe:c; napaj.j Tpouc;: 14

St AQ3 )<;>.1.>43 ')ljom1dc;>dl Dr1lJAQXl.Jr1 OIQ! 01 QUO Dfl~rilad oj3 D.>iiAdnO.LI3"( 1Dfl!3 )DQr;>rlo )Dtrl 'tfx 01 l,uno OQO~rl AU! 3V\I 'l:jrlodqdiq Ufl~r1td>!3.>!Ano Dlrl D.li\T.)U JO.LAr,9nO"(O>fO JUOMfl~>f>!3 od~ OIQ! A010 c;>.>iryn Ofl3rlc;>d3 ldl3r1 01 3Q 1 3N~1/\3>!>13 1 J01Qdr;>S JU1 013>!dr;>tQ AU! AU"(Q,SD.>i )ljom!dc;>d! Drli.JAQXlJrl O/\~r1rd >I3>1Ano 0/\~ QUO 13fiC~Hdodl VX, DQr;>rlo D!rl 38Q>f 10>4 1 J3Qt;>r10 30 ID.LAOL!dMX Vx t;>dodld13rl/\l,l OtA orlro~soiq 01 :)l,lj3 10 10fiJ3 IO.LAQOSnO"(O>m nou IOQ09~r1 JI38\,JAnO 10 l,llnd I.JOM1U!d3U fiu!:i ''t/x AM! JI.JOMA~>!>f3 Jl30~8l,l / t0>4 JUOM.l.dQdl Jl30~8 ~;. t;m1 JI.J.l. ~l3d3.l.qootd3u 13flt;>Sr10'(td3U c;>lno AD1Q Ol.38t\QO OIU 101AD10!80>4 Ol.Ufi!>!O.l.nD l;>.>jiadno.l.orlmx 10>1 J~.l.M.!.dOdl l,l or:uu 3r1 )odod>0.!.3rl JUOM.l.dc;>dl JO!Or1l,l.I.OnO no! I}OriODIQ3XO r}o>idio\jdr3xiu3 no! Dr1UYSc;>du 01 )l.j039qud l;o~e O!rl ID>f DXIO.I.O!.LAO VX, 9 10>! g IO.LAQOIOUOr1tol.tdX nou I.JOM.I.UJd3U flu! DIA 0>!0/\!U /\010 3>1U8l,l.!.3"(3r1 nou Jt;>dOd>013rl - JUOM.l.dc;>di Somrll,lwno notq! no.1. SI.JOM!Orlooodu )l.j1 omrlo~y3wuo 01 ro.laolr;>tonodou S Orll:!X:I Ol:I )ljomi\~>!>43 AM30~8 10>4 'rjx Qrl8tdD 3.1.0U l,jq/\oio 10>1 orll.tar;>xl.jr1 Q>fllM.l.dOdl Ofl~ QUO ID1J\(\0'(310UO nou fim!r;>rll.i!ono D!Adn0113'( /\U1 13/\~IOrlooodu OA O.l.lJ.I.Q!DflnQ fiu.l.t3x~ 10>4 soa s~ orlljloqo Q>ltAdnO.l.l3'( 0.1. QUn AI}OAdn0113'( nou v-j81 noul}l J~!OtAoyoun JQ0>41UMoodu ora H/SSd8 ooor;r<a 30 OA~rirlodA ID/\!3 SuoMJOrlooodu or1r1odaqdu 01 omrlot;>d3urlno OA~rlyod!o3 30 A(loAI.JQO JMSl,lAno D!OUO 01 ~som r1l,lwno no1.)l.joaorid~eodu.. od~ lh~du 1\1..1.1. QlD>f JUOM!Orlooodu Jlll. D1Dr10?(3.LOUO 01 LlrflQun IO.l.J\0/\l;>Srloy fi3q l,llno l,l>iim31 fll.ll 3v-J '(OtQdr;>S D!rl) )3dr, 9 J3'(Yr;> ora )omril,uono nol.l.jom!orlooodu l.j ID13L!X3AnO 1 \:fx 1\Ml. Jl30~8 JIJ.O IO.LAOd~d!OAO nou J3/\!3>f3 QUO JQ.l>l3 1 J UOM!Oriooodu JlJJ. 1\C''ldl?riDdOU A~1lt"(S013r1 1\M.l. )~rft.l.io J3'(9 A('O.l.OI/\3Ql.Jr1 (lod!o DI3X;lMO AI.UO 10>1 1 JQdOd!O.L3rl 0'(>11}>4 /\010 OO~ri O!DXnl /\(108Ur13AD1D>4 0/\ VX 0.1. 310r, IO.l.? 'odr, D!rl DIA ID1!310U01Dr1Aodu Q>!tXdo ljom!oriooodu H.o1~u t01!3l.3duun~ )l.joc,ndc;>d! nod~ no1 odu t3ar;>9dl nou 'rjx o1c;>du 01. l.jot;>s 1\l.J.Lo 1 '>1'0'>! UOM.l.dQdl ora U0?8 t3aqsr10'< 'rjx ot3qr;> OA3r1c;>u3 01 I!39Md3Sn3y3 Jl.JOM!dQdl oprii.jo 01 Styc;>ri ~fl3 1 St;>dodlo!3rl no'(>iq>f no1 Jt30t;>dl )u J3'(Q!3enoyo>ID td>i!3/\1>!>!3 I!39M!dodl r:todlo 1 Dt3X;1MO flu!:{ 'UOM.l.dQd> DtA OritO.l.~ noqlu no1 AOJOU"(U 101J31380UO.l. 10>! Qr1At'(3 13fiQ>! 'rjx O.l.~du Ol. Jl.JOM!Orlooodu Jll1 ljjdda~ flu! 3r11D>I noqj.u n01 odu c;>dno AnOL!lDril.JXo 'tfx D13QI? DlQ>UXd\f LO'O oc o!or1at'(3 ~c o o~ z l,ld>od.i.oiu3 o~ o 09'0 l.tom/\?>1>13 LZ'O sz z l.joosc;>13v--j (U!W) UOI'(>IQU\f l,l>!iunl (U!W) l,lrl11 IJ03v-.J JQdOd>D!3v-J no'(>!l})4 UOt;l

--- SIMULATION REPORT AFTER 8 HOURS No of Trucks 5 No of Dumping Bays 1 Shovel/Truck Cost Ratio 1.75 Shovel is busy 90.54% of the time Average No of Trucks waiting for loading: 0 Max. No: 4 Avtrage waiting time: 1.8 min Average No of Trucks waiting for dumping: 0 Max. No: 2 Average waiting time: Total Load Transported 0.4 min 36952 t Hourly fleet production: 4619 t/h CRITERION OF MINIMUM COST PER t SATISFIED? YES --- SIMULATION REPORT AFTER 8 HOURS_---- No of Trucks 6 No of Dumping Bays 1 Shovel/Truck Cost Ratio 1.75 Shovel is busy 97.87% of the time Average No of Trucks waiting for loading: 1 Max. No: 5 Average waiting time: 2.6 min Average No of Trucks waiting for dumping: d Max. No: 2 I Average waiting time: 0.4 min Total Load Transported Hourly fleet production: 39556 t 4944 t/h CRITERION OF MINIMUM COST PER t SAT~SFIED? I YES IXiUJO 5. Anot&A&OlJCTO npoow1joiwo!l<; 1Jt 5 KOI 6 XA. 16

aur6 akivr)tonoln8ei 'A6yw S'AbS!lc; nou 11 51apKtla Til<; va 61Ka1o'Aoyei TI"JV avakaravo~ri Twv XA ora a'a'aa ~nxavr;~ara <90PTWOI1<; nou unapxouv oro ouorrwa. Eni rou nap6vroc; 11 ~t8o5oc; autri e:iva1 ll Kar'&(oxnv xpnot~onotou~evn npakttkri oc unai8p1a opuxeia. H 1-JE8o5oc; Til<; "MtyiOT!l<; EK~f.:TO'A'AEUO!l<; TWV Xw~aroupy1KWV AUTOKIVi)Twv EX 1 we; okon6 va ~e:y1otono1i)oe1 rr1v e:k~s:ta>j. uo11 rwv XA ~e1wvovrac; roue; xpovouc; ava~ovric; TOU<; 0 oupec; npo TWV ~llxovi'lj.jcrrwv <90PTWO!l<;. Kara TllV 51CpK 1a Til<; Bap51a<; tva XA eav ivoi 00 10 KOT U8UVETOI yta <90PTWO!l OTO ~llxcivll~o K ivo TO onoio Sa TO E~Unllp&Ti)0 1 npwro, VW Civ &ivai ye~ctto KaT U8UVtTal 0 KtiVO TO Oll!Jtio tkke:vwonc; 6nou ea txe1 TOV e:'a.axjoro xpovo avaj.jovric; y1a va tkkevw0 1 To C90PTio TOU. Tt>..oc; ou~<9wva ~t nw ~ teooo Tile; "ME:ytoTilc; EK!.JtTa>J.tuoflc; rwv MllXOVfli.JOTwv 4>6pTWOil<;", tva 00 10 XA KOTCU8UV Tal npo<; tkeivo TO 1-JilXCivll~O <poptwo!l<; TO onoio OVE~EVt yta m;piooot po XPOVO, Of.: ouykp1011 j.jt TO C:L\Aa ~l'lxovrii-jato TOU ouorr;~aroc;, yta va 190prwoe1 ri npoc; tkeivo ro onoio ava~tverat va ~eivet xwpic; Bta8E:01~a npoc; <96pTW01l XA npwto. H ecpap~oyri r11c; j.jt96oou aurric; EX 1 we; anort 'A o~a va napou01a~o uv TO ~nxavri~ara 196prwor)c; o~ot6~op<9o noooor6 e:k~e:ta'a'aeuo11c; ri ve:kpwv xpovwv. Eivm npo19avtc; on oe: tva opuxe:io 6nou EC90PIJ6~erat 1-Jia e:k Twv ouo reaeuraiwv ~e:865wv, TO XA KOTO TllV OICtpKtla Trl<; Bapolac; KIVOUVTal Ot OAO TO oiktuo TWV op6j.jwv nou t~u011p TOUV TO ouonwa j.j TOC90PCt<;, EVW 01 OOI1YOi roue; SpiOKOVTOI 08 ouvexn EOOC9ri j.jeow OOUpj.JOTOU EOIKOIVWViac;, j.je: TOV UO U8UVO A YXOU (pu8j.jiotji) TOU OUOTi)j.JOTO<; j.jtta<popac;, OTO onoiov OiVOUV nar)po<popit<; OXETIKO ~ TrW 8t011 KOI TI1V KOTOOTOOI'l TWV XA (00 10 YEIJOTo) Kal an6 rov onoiov >.a~savo u v evro>.tc; y1a TI1V Olaopo!Jri nou ea ako'aouer;oouv. i:uykpivovto<; TflV 1JE8000 TrJ<; "MtyiOTI')<; EKj.JtTQ)..,\EUOfl<; TWV Xw~aroupyiKWV AUTOKIVi)Twv IJE KE:iVI1 Tl1<; "ME:ytOTI1<; EKI.JETOAAEUO!l<; TWV MI1XOVI11.JOTWV 4>6pTWOI1c; OIOniOlWVE:Tal OTI 11 <90PI.JOYri Til<; npwti'l<; txe:1 we; anort'aeo~a ra ~11xavri~ara <p6ptwoil<; nou 13pioKOVTOI Kovra OTOU<; XWPOU<; KKEVWOI1<; va napo UOIO~O UV I.JE:YOAUTtpo nooo0l6 Kj.JtTOAAeU011<; an6 OTI e:ktiva nou SpioKovrm oe: ~eya'aurep e c; anooraottc;, e:vw f1 tc90pijovri Tl1<; oture:p11c; 1Je:86oou EX 1 we; anoteatoijo VO napo UOIO~OUV TO ~flxovrii.joto C90PTWOil<; OIJOIOj.JOp<po nooooto KIJETill U011<; ri VE:KpWV XPOVWV. i:t OTI a<popa TI1V IJE:TaC90PIKri IKOVOTI1TO TOU OUOTr'}j.JOTO<;, EiVOI npo<pavt<; OTI 11 j.j 9000<; Til<; "MtytOTI1<; EKIJETO'A'AEUOfl<; TWV XWIJOTOUpyiKWV AUTOKIVi)Twv napouoio~tl TllV j..ltya,\(jt pf1 OIOKiVI1011 <popriwv ava Sapota. :Lt EKIJETOAAE:U0 1<; 6~wc; 6nou TO OUOTI1~0 <p6ptwoi1<;. I.JETOC90PO<; E~Unr)pe:re:i OUVXPOVW<; IJETWna anokoau4ji1<; KOI,apaywyi)c; TOTE 11lJE8000<; Tl1<; 17

81 ~omrl l,hono no1 ~uon3'(x'ql3r1><3 ~nowc;>>< noludm!3rluyu'(x'r;>dou 3rl (loriolyuoj3 no1 ~OlU 1 9>llrioflnQ ~UlotA~rl ~UlUDUJOUOijD flu! DriD3'(:?lOUO ')(') 131~ '')uom!d9ch /\r13d:?8 ')orrl ~U l ~3d3190 0id3u /\n01~80iq nou D!3Xndo 30 vx flr11 5U!L!OlEdS!P flr1q993r1 t,jaor1doch3 u 119 rol3fl~l3rluo '')oy~l ')omrly1ono no1 UOOQJU3 1\Ul ld>i ')0109>1 01 'U038fl(l0 1\LHO flr1!dofl30 fi~>idlol.jdt3xju3 /\Md9d>DIQ )130~1UIU3 I~ Q>llrlOfiO>IIO ld>i DdoAydA fi(!09nyo/\o Ofl IO>l fl(l09ul3'(3rl D/\ D.lU.lc;>.lDflnQ flu! 13X:?dDU ~Qdocho!3rl - ')uor1.ld9ch ')omriy!dno no! ~UOr1JOrioood u ')y>ii!ooxo.lo noq983ri ')ul l}aorido<h3 H "(loridi'(uoj3 no1 ~uol.a~dl.junj3 /\r130~9 flr11 ID>I ~~80>4 '~l.jd389ud IO>I ~U0r11d9ch 1\Md~X flr11 '')QdO<hDd 13rl/\~QO /\r1.l 9riODIQ3XO 10>1 Ul~'(3ri l;jd3riolu3'( flu! 13'(X'Qtj1U3 (loriolyuoj3 no!ufij>ioy3ll.jlfl n01 ')uoudylflno td>f ')o!adnolr3y ~uol}.l>l ')owe;>>! c;>yurhn 01 noa d~ (lo>iidod>d13ri no1 ')r3dl,j11dud 10 IOll\(l013dlJunj3 Dfl ~r1fl9dxano ID>I ~uon3'(x'q13ri>l3 ~0109>1 c;>yuriox I013flr;>XAn.iiU3 D/\ nofl ~ril3>1odu ~QdOd>0!3rl - ~l.j0r11d9ch /\~IODAd3 /\r1.l QriODIQ3XO Q>IDIOl.Jd13XIU3 /\01 1\(lOdocho nou D1ori~9 fio>iu10ql3j3 ~UO!U3 orjqj.oad3 o1d9!oun 30 ')omriy1ono no1 D!Adno113y fill! M OLQ3dl.Ju3 nou IOd13rlr;>dou IO/\~rlo 1 do 10>1 ~r180>i 'DlU/\I>IOlnD D)fiAdnomriMX 10>1 )31Mldoch lj on!u 3rl )ododm!3rl ID>I ~UOr11dOch........ orll.jlo(ld 01!3l0d>!Ano nou (1orio1yuoj3 no1 ~O.l.l..ll c;>>lrrioflnq ~u1 10>1 nou(ll no1 yaoy1u3 /\Ul flnolq3duu3 nou tod13r1qddu 10 1\D>lUS(lYO/\D 10>1 1\0>tl.J!OQIOnodou D!ODAd3 OO(lOdDU /\Ul~ Vl.VIffiVd3UWA3: (G66L Ire la uewsjo=j - L66 ~ 1 8SJB8d) 13f1Qjno )~X3AnO )noll,jaorldoch3 10131\!A :,3!0UO ~110 flr130 )3'('. 013ri>l3 /\r11 ~9ri91do 0 Dl/\9dX D!Oln3'(3l 01 ID>I D!3Xndo Old9!0Un 30 n oa d~ (lo>iidocho!3rl n01 UOUJOUO!DIA3ri 1\Ul ora 1\0d~choiQ/\3 od31!diqi 13LQIOnodou (6U!40lBdS!P) Ar11YAI>IO.Lno /\~>11Adnomrir1X /\r11 )UOM/\~>1>13 ID>I ')u0m1d9ch f\(')30~8 flr11 ~l}.ad'('(d/\3 ~(lox3ano flr1q983ri ~~Aoridoch3 IQ (sas~ ~,e la n.l.) omrio~y3.louo OIQ! 01 13/\!Q /\r1q983rl OI)Q Ar11 yaorido<h3 lj nod ~l3 1 <ho I )l.jor11dc;><h flr11qril.jfloxljri flr11 noyc;>ano noll.jooq9ud U101A~ri /\U1 3ril.JO! 10>1 l:jd'380l.o 101!3dl.J!OIQ )omril}!dno noluooqc;>ud lj A3rl ~9fl3 1 <ho 3191 (VX. Dl3>1dr;>u3d3un) 0/\3rl(loJJouo 1\0l c;>uo \fx ~9ri9rdo ~od3l(lyoa3ri!jdod>oy>ln>l ')r;>dod>d13ri Dril.J!O(lO 010 DO~ri 1\.019 119!39MI3ril.JO 0/\ 1 3U~du 08 1 )0'01 no!3xndo no1 AMQ!rieog /\r11 l.jol.jd~xodu Al.Jl.O DJ<hdorlororio ID1!3dl.JmiQ o/\ noa~rii3>!0du ljylj'(x'qld>t /\O~'(U lj ')(") ID1!3dr139.)l.JOr11d9 1\(T}J.;?rll.J/\DXl.JV>J /\r11 ')l.jon3y'(q13m>i3 )l.j!oia~v'j..

BIBAIOrPA411A Christoph S.M. (1991 ), "Hydraulic Excavators and Wheel Loaders in Rock Quarrying, Woild Mining Equipment, Sep., pp. 28-38. Forsman 8., Vagenas N., Lindstmm C. (1992), "Using METAFORA to Evaluate the Transport System in a Swedish Open Pit Mine", Proc. 23rd APCOM, pp. 733-738. Hanby I. A. (1991), "Enhancement of Dump Truck Operating Efficiency, Transactions of IMM, Section A, Vol 100, Jan-Apr, pp. A42-A47. Panagiotou G.N. (1992), "Simulation of the Shovel- Truck Operation in Open Pit Mines Using the GPSS Computer Language", Mineral Wealth, No 76, pp. 33-38. Pearse G. (1991), "Maximizing Load and Haul Efficiencies, Mining Magazine, Aug, pp. 81-86. Rzhevsky V.V. (1985), "Opencast Mining Unit Operations, Mir Publishers, Moscow. Tu J.H., Hucka V.J. (1985), "Analysis of Open-Pit Truck Haulage System by Use of Computer Model", CIM Bulletin, Vol 78, No 879, pp. 53-59. 19