466 2004 12 22 6 West China Journal of Stomatology Vol. 22 No. 6 December 2004 [ 1000-1182( 2004) 06-0466-05 1 1 2 3 (1. 610041 ; 2. 510260 ;3. 100050) [ ] H 2 S Halimeter 210 20 10 SPSS 10. 0 ; ( ) ; [ ] ; ; ; ; [ ] R 781. 4 + 2 [ ] A The Study of the Relationship of Malodor and Microbial Composition of Interdental and Subgingival Plaques in Periodon2 titis Patients LIU Yi 1 HUANG Hai-yun 1 ZHANG Jin-cai 2 WANG Song-ling 3. (1. Key. Laboratory of Oral Biomedical En2 gineering Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China ; 2. Dept. of Oral Medicine Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Stomatology Guangzhou 510260 China ;3. Salivary Gland Disease Center Beijing Hospital for Stomatology Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China) [ Abstract] Objective The study is to investigate the microbial composition of interdental and subgingival plaques of periodon2 titis patients with or without malodor to explore the relationships between periodontitis and oral malodor.methods 20 patients of periodontitis with malodor were chosen from 210 patients of periodontitis and the clinical parameter of plaque index ( PLI) gingi2 val bleeding index ( GBI) and probing depth ( PD) were measured and compared with the control group which had periodontal dis2 ease without malodor. During the experiment the interdental and subgingival microbial samples in both groups were collected and sent to anaerobic culture for 48 hrs then the total CFUΠml of each sample were counted and each type of bacteria was separated and identified. All of the data were analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS 10. 0. Results (1) There were no satistical differences on PLI GBI PD between experimental group and control group. (2) The percents of leptospira in both interdental and subgingival plaques of test group were significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0. 01). (3) Either the interdental or in subgingival plaques the count results of CFUΠml were similar in both groups ( P > 0. 05). (4) The proportions of malodor pro2 ducing anaerobic bacteria in interdental gingival plaque such as P. gingivalis and Veillonella were singnificantly different be2 tween test group and control group. Conclusion The proportions of VSC s producing anaerobic bacteria in interdental gingival plaque may be play the significant roles in oral malodor. Further studies should be taken to elucidate the relationship between mal2 odor and periodontitis. [ Key words] periodontitis ; oral malodor ; plaque ; bacteria ; anaerobic culture VSCs) 1 2 ; 3 ( volatile sulfur compounds VSCs VSCs [ 2003-12-26 ; 2004-06-14 [ ] (1972-) Morita 4 24 mm [ ] Tel :020-84241308
2004 12 22 6 West China Journal of Stomatology Vol. 22 No. 6 December 2004 467 82 VSCs 5 : 6 : ( Fusobacterium) ( PD > ( Veillonella) ( T. denticola T. d) ( P. gingivalis P. g) ( Bacte2 roides) ( Peptostreptococcus) Fuso2 bacterium T. d P. g Bacteroides : 20 s 1 30 s 1. 1 ; 2000 69 10 210 10-4 10-5 8 : ; 1. 5 4 mm ; 4555 : 10 l ; ; - (BHI-S ) 37 4872 h 20 (colony forming unit CFUΠml) 10 : : (BHI) ; 3 (37 48 h) ; (37 48 h) ; Halimeter 150 ppb 3 8 1. 2 1. 6 (Halimeter ) SPSS 10. 0 H 2 S ppb ; t ; 05 (0 1 ; 2 3 4 ; 5 ) : ; ; 2 ; 2 h ; 2. 1 20 12 8 PLI 1. 3 3165 GBI 1178 PD 415 mm ; 10 (plaque 6 4 PLI 3179 GBI 1162 PD index PLI) ( gingival bleeding index GBI) (probing depth PD) 7 4 mm) 1 ml ( 0115 g 1 % CaCl 2 019 ml 100 ml) 4177 mm ( P > 0105) 2. 2 8 1. 4 2 1 2 1
468 2004 12 22 6 West China Journal of Stomatology Vol. 22 No. 6 December 2004 ( P > 0105) ( P > 0105) ( P < 0101) 2 3 Tab 3 Major bacteria in interdental plaques in the two ( P > 0105) ; ( P groups < 0105) ( n = 10) ( n = 20) ( P < 0101) ( gx s %) 1 P1 P2 ( gx s %) ( gx s %) 7 7. 43 7. 74 9 26. 82 31. 46 0. 522 0 # Tab 1 The results of microbial composition of interdental plaques in the two groups( gx s %) 10 42. 17 22. 94 8 7. 16 3. 39 0. 055 0 # 3 7. 69 4. 22 3 14. 79 10. 03 0. 473 0. 121 3 4. 17 0. 58 1 2. 45 0. 69 0. 015 3 0. 130 65. 14 25. 08 20. 43 17. 88 8. 71 5. 31 5. 71 7. 16 58. 62 17. 14 23. 46 16. 13 7. 54 5. 80 10. 38 12. 20 P 0. 382 0. 606 0. 800 0. 001 2 ( gx s %) 3 9. 85 5. 36 2 67. 20 22. 39 0. 432 0 # Tab 2 The results of microbial composition of subgingival 7 7. 49 9. 06 6 24. 25 7. 36 0. 620 0. 001 # plaques in the two groups( gx s %) 7 1. 58 0. 71 8 9. 98 6. 32 0. 571 # 0. 017 34. 00 19. 33 41. 14 20. 20 11. 29 14. 53 13. 57 12. 07 : P1 3 P < 0. 05 ; P2 # 26. 77 19. 55 26. 85 24. 69 12. 46 12. 41 34. 69 30. 65 P < 0105 4 P 0. 282 0. 037 0. 825 0. 001 Tab 4 Major bacteria in subgingival plaques in the two groups 2. 3 3 4 3 ( P > 0105) 2 10. 28 6. 87 13 14. 69 ( P < 0105) ( P < 0105) 4 7 5. 28 1. 38 6 12. 32 10. 94 0. 620 0. 076 3 2. 15 1. 45 8 20. 76 22. 51 1. 000 0 # 3 3. 23 1. 22 8 11. 82 3. 75 1. 000 0. 016 # 4 3. 05 1. 87 6 14. 94 10. 49 0. 712 0 # ( n = 10) ( gx s %) ( n = 20) P1 P2 ( gx s %) 5 6. 82 2. 98 3 20. 48 20. 23 0. 352 0. 007 # 5 19. 64 16. 50 5 13. 90 16. 35 0. 596 0. 259 7 5. 21 0. 87 8 20. 58 12. 80 0. 617 0. 001 # 3 23. 84 22. 40 17 14. 45 8. 82 0. 112 0. 057 15. 82 0. 134 0. 285 5 29. 55 21. 65 10 31. 43 24. 29 1. 000 0. 878 1 1. 23 0. 36 3 8. 86 10. 76 0. 185 0. 006 # 7 28. 93 19. 28 7 36. 94 8. 46 0. 402 0. 229 5 8. 17 0. 71 8 6. 52 5. 39 1. 000 0. 788 ( P > 0105) : P1 3 P < 0. 05 ; P2 # ( P < 0105 P < 0105) 2. 4 3 3. 1 Halimeter (CFUΠml) : BANA (81808 01293) lg CFUΠml (81627 01251) lg CFUΠml ; Halimeter 9 (81679 01163) lg CFUΠml (81754 Halimeter H 2 S 01329) lg CFUΠml
2004 12 22 6 West China Journal of Stomatology Vol. 22 No. 6 December 2004 469 ( Halimeter) 3. 2 P. g mgl L- G - P. g W83 Rosenberg 10 300 82 25 ; 12 P. g ( 15 ) Parya2 79 3 4 vi- Gholami 11 7 1 17 VSCs 54 Bosy 16 VSCs Veillonella ( P. oralis) Goldberg 12 3. 4 Fusobacterium T. d P. g Tiomny 13 Bacteroides Veillonella Peptostreptococcus VSCsQuirynen 17 P. g P. i ( Fusobacte2 rium nucleatum F. n) BHI? Waler 14 6 h VSCs 450 ppb 300 ppb 24 h 6 d VSCs VSCs 300 ppb VSCs 3 BHI 30 min 500 ppb VSCs VSCs ; VSCs VSCs Moriy2 ama 18 : VSCs 5 3. 3 ; ( P < 0. 05) VSCs ( P > 0105) ; 3 ( P > 0105) 30 ( P < 0105) ; VSCs VSCs
470 2004 12 22 6 West China Journal of Stomatology Vol. 22 No. 6 December 2004 ( P > 0105) VSCs 1993 :56-72. ; VSCs 324. VSCs F. n [ ] 1 ] Bosy A Kulkarni GV Rosenberg M et al. Relationship of oral mal2 odor to periodontitis : evidence of independence in discrete subpopula2 tionsj. J Periodontol 1994 65 (1) :37-46. 2 ] Yaegaki K Sanada I. Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease J. J Periodontal Res 1992 27 (4) :233-238. 3 ] Ratcliff PA Johnson P. The relationship between oral malodor gingivitis and periodontitisj. J Periodontol 1999 70 (5) :485-489. 4 ] Morita M Wang HL. Relationship between sulcular sulfide level and oral malodor in subjects with periodontal disease J. J Periodontol 2001 72 (1) :79-84. 5 ] Rosenberg M Kozlovsky A Gelernter I et al. Self-estimation of oral malodorj. J Dent Res 1995 74(10) :1577-1582. 6 ] De Boever EH Loesche WJ. Assessing the contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodorj. J Am Dent Assoc 1995 126(10) :1384-1393. 7 ]. M. : 2001 :85-89. 8 ]. M. : 9 ] Tonzetich J Kestenbaum RC. Odor production human salivary frac2 tions and plaquej. Arch Oral Biol 1969 14 (6) :815-827. 10 ] Rosenberg M Septon I Eli I et al. Halitosis measurement by an in2 dustrial suphide monitorj. J Periodontol 1991 62(4) : 487-489. 11 ] Paryavi- Gholami F Minah GE Turng BF. Oral malodor in children and volatile sulfur compound-producing bacteria in saliva : preliminary microbiological investigation J. Pediatr Dent 1999 21 ( 6) : 320-12 ] Goldberg S Cardash H Browning H et al. Isolation of Enterobacte2 riaceae from the mouth and potential association with malodor J. J Dent Res 1997 76 (11) :1770-1775. 13 ] Tiomny E Arber N Moshkowitz M et al. Halitosis and Helicobacter pylori : a possible linkj?j Clin Gastroenterol 1993 16(3) :274. 14 ] Waler SM. On the transformation of sulfur-containing amino acids and peptides to volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the human mouthj. Eur J Oral Sci 1997 105 (5 Pt 2) :534-537. 15 ]. 79 J. 1999 7 (7) :472-473. 16 ] Bosy A Kulkarni GV. Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis : evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations J. J Periodon 2 tol 1994 65 (1) :37-46. 17 ] Quirynen M Van Eldere J Pauwels M et al. In vitro volatile sulfur compound production of oral bacteria in different culture media J. Quintessence Int 1999 30(5) :351-356. 18 ] Moriyama T. Clinical study of the correlation between bad breath and subgingival microfloraj. Shikwa Gakuho 1989 89 (9) :1425-1439. () 70 ISSN 1006-5254 CN 44-1407ΠR1993 : 16 80 Π 30 46-225 : 336 ( 510280) :020-84403311 ; :020-84445386 ; Email :ybfzzz @public. guangzhou. gd. cn