27 3 20103 Statstcal Research Vol. 27, No13 M ar. 2010 3 :,,, :,;,,,, ;,, ; 1 /3 : ; ; ; : C812: A : 1002-4565 (2010) 03-0003 - 09 M ea sur ng the Fa rness of the W age D str buton of Urban W orkers n D fferen t Industr es of Ch na Ba Pewen Abstract:W age ga between dfferent ndustres n Chna s ncreasngly concerned n the academ c feld, but there are few researches about far measure. In ths aer, based on the rncal of market effcency, symmetry rncal of ncome and rsk as well as rncal of socal equty, we study the farness of the wage dstrbuton about urban workers n dfferent ndustres n Chna. The results show that there defntely exsts unfar henomenon n Chnaπs wage dstrbuton, and the unfar degree s hgher than the ast decade. Integrated wage gan between dfferent ndustres has been the herarchcal formaton. In some ndustres such as water, envronment and ublc facltes management, ublc adm nstraton and socal organzaton, scence, educaton, culture, health sector, wages are very hgh and n the ndustres lke manufacturng, wholesale, accommodaton, leasng, servce sector wages at very low. W age ga between sectors has contrbuted 1 /3 to the Gn coeffcent of Chnese urban workersπtotal ncome. Key words:u rban Workers; W age D strbuton; D fferent Industres; Farness, 3: () 1990, ( 2005), 1978-1988, 1988,, 1993 2002, ( 2004) [ 1 ],,1978-2002 16,, 3 ( : 2008BD43) 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
4 20103,( 2004 ) [ 2 ] ( 2004 ) [ 3 ],1993,,,, (2003),, (2005) [ 11 ] ( 2003),,, (),16, (2004) [ 12 ], ( Katz, 1987; D ckena and Katz 1987; Krueger and Summers 3 1987, 1988) : 3,,,,,,,,,, D ckens and Katz, ( 1987 ), ; B lackburn and Neumark (1992) [ 4 ],,,,,,, M ncer and H guch, (1988) [ 5 ], Freeman and Medoff(1984),: (, 1996) ; (, 1998 [ 6 ] ;, 2004) ; ( John Knght and L Sh, 2005 [ 7 ] ;, 2007 [ 8 ] ) ;,(, 2005;, 1998 [ 9 ] ;, 2005 [ 10 ] ;, 2007) (),, :,, ;, ;,,,,,, (, 2009) [ 13 ],,,( ),,,, ; ( ),, 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
27 3 : 5,, (, 2009),,,,, :,, ; ;,,; ; () CD 2, Y j = A K j L j (1) j, Y j, K j, L j,, j M PL j = Y j /L j,,m PL = Y /L (, 2008), Y = 6 Y j L = 6 L j, M PL W, L W =,, Y M PL =,, 1,,, W,,, H, = H,, Y j = j A K M j 0 L M j, 0 j Y j = A K M j L M j (2), j 0 j, : M PL M = M 0 3 Y, W L M PL M = B / ( M 0 ),, B / ( HM 0 ),,t L t - L t - 1 L t - 1 H ( H t - H t - 1 ), H t - 1 L tw t - L t - 1 W t - 1,, L t - 1 W t - 1, (),,, Abowd and A shenfelter (1981) PSID, H, M PH = H Y, H M PH H L = H Y H, W L / (M PH ) = B L H, 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
6 20103,,, () Mangahas ( 1975 ),, (2008) [ 14 ],, G = G A G A = 6 m + G B, G A, k =1 k G k, (m, k k, G k k ) ; G B (, ),, Sen ( 1973 ) B lackorby and Donaldson (1978) [ 15 ] ( 2008), G Y, G = (N- N ) /N, N, Y N ;N, Y L =N- N= YG, 2006,, 1997,,, 2006 17(, ) 23,391; 1997 13( ) 31,403 (), 2006 1997 () 1997 1998, 2006 2007,,, 23 () Goldsm th (1953), K t = I t + (1 - t ) K t - 1, I t, K t, t, (, 2000,, 2009), (Hall and Jones, 1999), 10,, Young ( 2000) (2004), 10% 2003,,1997,1993 ;2006, 2003, 5% (: Perkns, 1998;, 1998;, 2000; W ang and Yao, 2001), 1990 () 1997,, 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
27 3 : 7 2006, :, ; 2006 = [ 2006/2001-2006 /2001 + 1 ] 2006 2001() 2001 2001, (),, :, B lnder (1973)Oaxaca (1973),, Mandelbrot ( 1962 ) Rosen ( 1983 ) Heckman and Schenkman (1987) Robert Gbbons et al., ( 2005) [ 16 ],, : m ncer ( 1957), lnw = 1 X + 2 Y +, W, X Y, ( - ), ( ); 1 2 1 X, 0 0, 0 0 lnl 00, X 00, j lnl j, X j,0 0 lnl j + 1 ( X j - X 00 ) 2006, ( 1 X ) 1997, (),, (2008), : j, (,0 6 9 12 14 16,19),: j = j,, 1997, 2006 () :,,,, :,, (Robert Gbbons et al., 2005),,,, 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
8 20103,, ( 0100% ),,,, (, 2005;, 2005) 2006,,, (), 35-39( ) : = ( ) [ ( 1 - ) ], 1997, 2006 () 11 2006 2006 17, 23,, ( ), ;,, 2,,,,,, 92;,,,, 92,( 1 ) (2), () M H HM, B,, 1:,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; 115;, 2 ;, 3, 12, ( 3, 2005 2006 ), 2,,,,,,, (2),,,, Y j = j AK ljl j = ex (M j ) AK k jl j, M j 0,,lnY j 2lnM j (2), 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
27 3 : 9 1 ( ) B 01212 01636 01388 01321 01524 01385 01330 01408 01567 01458 01500 01598 01384 01741 01216 01595 01626 01494 01527 01676 01349 01739 01287 01671 B / 01374 11389 01776 01537 11365 01520 11530 01686 B / 01339 11288 01736 01475 11502 01521 11151 01609 01669 01488 01515 01682 01197 01620 01704 01546 01685 01534 01621 01776 01209 01799 01444 01684 B / ( M 0 ) 01492 21120 21742 11131 131413 31805 01980 41090 B / ( HM 0 ) 01480 11937 21274 01994 121643 21953 11553 31265 2 ( H t - H t - 1 H t - 1 ) 01046 01065-01001 01070 01031 01018 01000 01019 H t - H t - 1 ) ( HM H t - 1 01032 01035-01001 01054 01006 01014 01000 01013 01190 01219 01152 01369 01248 01323 01333 01325 ( - ) 01158 01184 01153 01315 01242 01309 01333 01312 1 2,,,, 21 19972006, 199713: ; ;, 1997,,, ( ),,, 3, 3 ( ),,,, 2006, 10,, ( ),, 1997 B 01249 01353 01308 01531 01397 01869 11031 01896 01817 01958 B / 01287 01342 01344 01650 01414-01036 - 01007-01005 01035 01005-01031 - 01007-01004 01029 01004 01201 01485 01060 01144 01106 ( - ) 01051 01092 01065 01116 01102 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net
10 20103 4 2006 B / ( HM 0 ) 01480 11937 21274 01994 121643 21953 11553 31265 01158 01184 01153 01315 01242 01309 01333 01312 010504 010312 010434 010273 010103 010046 011529 010038 9173 31139 29107 35173 151105 60108 15186 63174 8 5 6 4 1 3 7 2 (), 1997,20062006 ( 4),,,, ;,,,, B / ( HM 0 ) 31 /3 (), 31265 01333011529100,, ( 4) 3,,, ;,,;,,,,,,,,;, (),, 2006 1997,, G k = 1-6 n 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net =1 (2Q - w ), G k k, n,, w, Q = 6 n =1 w G A = 6 m k =1 k G k, m k 2006011169, 1997 010925, 2006 1997 0133-0137, 1 /3, 2006 11169%,1997 9125%2006,, 2006 1997, :,, 10 (2006),(2007) 2006 21001, 1997 6470,51016 48119,2006 1997 21981 21001 6470 3 ( 1-11169% ) / 51016 48119 3 ( 1-9125% )
27 3 : 11,,,,,,,, 0133-0137, 1 /3,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,( ) ;,, ;,, [ 1 ]. : [ J ]., 2004 (2) : 3-10. [ 2 ]. [ J ]., 2004 (3) : 12-14. [ 3 ]. [ J ]., 2005 ( 4) : 10-15. [ 4 ] B lackburn and Neumark. Unobserved Ablty, Effcency W ages, and Interndustry wage D fferentals [ J ]. Econom cs, 1992 (107) : 1421-1436. Quarterly Journal of [ 5 ]M ncer and H guch. W age Structures and labor Turnover n the U. S. and Jaan [ J ]. Journal of the Jaanese and Internatonal Economy, 1988 (2) : 97-133. [ 6 ]. [ J ]., 1998 (5) : 10-12. [ 7 ] John Knght and L Sh. W ages, Frm Proftablty and Labor Market Segmentaton n U rban Chna[ J ]. Chna Economc Revew, 2005 (16) : 205-228. [ 8 ],. [ J ]., 2007 (10) : 19-31. [ 9 ],. [ J ]., 1998 (3) : 10-11. [ 10 ]. [ J ]., 2005 (10) : 36-47. [ 11 ]. [ J ]., 2005 (1) : 14-19. [ 12 ],,. [ J ]., 2004 (3) : 48-50. [ 13 ]. [ J ]., 2009 (1) : 30-41. [ 14 ]. [ J ]., 2008 (8) : 124-135. [ 15 ]B lackorby and Donaldson. Measures of Relatve Equalty and Ther Meanng n Term s of Socal W elfare [ J ]. Theory, 1978 (1) : 59-80. Journal of Econom c [ 16 ] Robert Gbbons, Lawrence F Katz, and Thomas Lem eux et al. Comaratve Advantage, Learnng, and Sectoral W age Determnaton [ J ]. Journal of Labor Econom cs, 2005 ( 4 ) : 681-723.,, 1967,, 2006,, : ( :) 1994-2010 Chna Academc Journal Electronc Publshng House. All rghts reserved. htt://www.cnk.net