21 4 V o l 21, N o 4 2001 7 TR IBOLO GY July, 2001,, (, 130025) :,,,. : ; ; ; : Q 81 ; Q 313. 5 : A : 100420595 (2001) 0420315206,. [1, 2 ]... 1, 4 20 4, [3 ].. 1. 1,. N ogata [4 ],,,.,, 95%, [3 ] ;.,N ogata [5 ],,. 1. 2.,., Α Β, Α, 18 [6 ].,.,, [7 ]. Β. [8 ],., [9 ], : (50025516) ; (20000528). : 2000206229; : 2001202215 g. :,, 1957,,.
316 21. [10 ],,, [11 ], 226 M N gm 2 [12 ].. 1. 3 Barth lo tt [17 ] 8 [13 ],, 2 (Gnetum gnemon, M agno lia denudata ) ( H elicon ia. den siflo ra ) (Fagu s sylvatica). [14 ],.,, [15 ].,,,,, 1 F ig 1 SEM pho tograph s of surface mo rpho logy fo r the bulldozing p late on dung beetle s head 1 SEM [14 ]. ; 1. 4,., 1 5 Λm [16 ],, ( ),. 55. 4 88. 9 28. 4 71. 7, ( N elum bo nucifera ) ( Co locasia escu len ta ) (B rassica o leracea) (M u tisia decu rren s) 160. 4 159. 7 160. 3 128. 4., 2. 2 2. 1, 20., ;,.,..,,.,, [18 ].,. Yakou [19 ],.,,, ; [15 ].,
4 : 317,, [22 ]. [20 ] ( 2), F ig 2 SEM pho tograph s of bam boo section abraded against free2abrasive m aterials 2 SEM,,.,, [21 ]., F ig 3 V ariation of friction coefficient w ith test duration in dry sliding of pango lin scale against grey iron 3,, 2. 3, ;,., [23, 24 ].,. 2. 2.,,.. Burtt [25 ],,.,,.. 2 Bon ser [26 ], (Stu rnu s vu lgaris), 39%., ;.,. 9% [27 ]. 3, (P ruu inu s gravis) ; ( 60% ),,, ;, 10%,, [6 ]. [28 ].
318 21 3 3. 1,., [29 ].,,.,.., [14 ]. Barth lo tt [17 ] 9 8,.,,, 5,. 70,, 10 30,.,, 40. (L o tu s2effect ) [17 ]. 3. 2,.,.,, ( ). [30, 31 ]. [32 ]. 3. 3,.,.. [33 ], 0. 27, 0. 02.,,,,.,.,,,.. U n sw o rth [33 ],, ( 20 N ),, ;, 2 000 N,,, ;,, ;,,,., [34, 35 ].,, [36 ].,. 4,
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320 21 [J ]., 1997, 42: 188721 889. [33 ] U nswo rth A. Recent developm ents in the tribo logy of artificial jo ints[j ]. T ribo logy International, 1995, 28 (7) : 4852495. [34 ]. [J ]., 1998, 18 (2) : 1032107. [35 ],,,. 2SiC [J ]., 1998, 18 (4) : 3322 337. [36 ],,,. [J ]., 1990, 6 (3) : 8214. Naturally Biolog ical M ater ials and The ir Tr ibology: A Rev iew TON G J in, M A Yun2hai, R EN L u2quan T he K ey L aboratory f or T errain2m ach ine B ionics E ng ineering of the M inistry of E d ucation, J ilin U niversity (N anling Cam p us), Chang chun 130025, Ch ina) Abstract: Becau se of the natu ral selection s and evo lu tion of the respective b io logical system s th rough m illion s of years, natu rally b io logical m aterials have un ique structu res and som e ex trao rdinary p roperties. T he structu res and su rface mo rpho logies of natu rally b io logical m aterials have w idely been researched in o rder to develop b iom im etic structu re, b iom im etic m aterials and b iom im etic tribo logical su rfaceṡ T hu s the characteristics of som e natu rally b io logical m aterials and their tribo logical behavio r are review ed. Focu s has been p laced on the structu res and p roperties of b io logical compo site m aterials and keratin m aterials, the su rface mo rpho logies of so il an im als cu ticle and p lan t leaves, the friction and w ear behavio r of natu rally b io logical m aterials such as bam boo and pango lin scales, the an ti2adhesion of so il an im als, and the b io logical lub rication of an im al jo in tṡ T hen the concep t of b iom im etics in tribo logy is put fo rw ard. Key words: b io logical m aterial; so il an im al; tribo logy; b iom im etics