SUFFERING PEOPLE: THE EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING OF RUSSIAN SUFFERING IN THE PERCEPTION OF FOREIGNERS

.. Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ ғν. ( ) Obukhova Tatiana Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow (Russia) : SUFFERING PEOPLE: THE EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING OF RUSSIAN SUFFERING IN THE PERCEPTION OF FOREIGNERS Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν -,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν -,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν,Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν «Ν»ғΝ Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ This article is devoted to the physical and spiritual suffering, which is one of the main traits of the Russian national character. This phenomenon is considered from two different sides: from the understanding of suffering in Russian literature and from the understanding and perception of Russian suffering through the opinion of foreign students studying Russian language and Russian culture. Suffering is seen as a disease, depression, sadness, loss, boredom, etc. in Russian literature. Foreigners trying to understand the vulnerability of the Russian soul with examples from the works of F. Dostoevsky, A. K. Tolstoy, A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, A. Kuprin, P. Ershov. TСОΝrОЬЮХЭΝШПΝЬОКrМСТЧРΝЭСОΝЦОКЧТЧРΝШПΝЬЮППОrТЧРΝТЧΝЭСОΝRЮЬЬТКЧΝМЮХЭЮrОΝТЬΝЭСОΝЬЭЮНОЧЭ ЬΝЛОХТОПΝЭСКЭΝЬЮППОrТЧРΝТЬΝКΝ proud of Russians, the "style" of their life, a state of mind and a "form of bliss". Furthermore, suffering is not only in literature and history, it is in everyday life. For example, bathing in an icebath broom, fisticuffs, multi-day feast, the attributes and phenomena of the Orthodox Church, etc. This article may be useful for all people interested in the Russian culture, and especially for graduate students and teachers working on issues of intercultural communication and Russian as a foreign language. 399

: Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Key words: suffering in Russian literature, longing, suffering in everyday life, Russian culture, suffering in the perception of foreigners. Ν Ν Ν - ғν Ν Ν Ν ғν ғν μν «Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν Ν» [,Νқίίү]. Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ( ),Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν «Ν ё- Ν Ν Ν»Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν«ύQ»ғΝ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν«ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν - Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν ғν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν -,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν,ν Ν Ν ғν,ν,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν» Д, 2015] Ν ёν Ν Ν Ν «ё Ν Ν»,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ҚғΝ Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν «Ν σоаьаооф»,ν μν «Ν Ν Ν ёν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν «Ν Ν» Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν 400

Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν ( )»ΝД,ΝқίҚί,Ν ғνθқжғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ςν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν«Ν»ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν ё,ν,ν,ν,ν Ν Ν ғ ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν«Ν»,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν ғν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν«Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν»,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν (Қү4θ),Ν Ν ғν ғν,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν «Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν,ν Ν Ν,Ν μν«ξν Ν Ν Ν Ν ς»ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν ΞΝ Ν Ν Ν ΞΝ Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν νν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν» Д,ΝҚλλγ,Ν ғνқүж. 401

Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν ( )Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν : Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ςν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν «Ν».,Ν Ν қίқ4ν Ν Ν Ν Ν 4θΝ ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν 90.,Ν Ν Ν «Ν»Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν қίν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν«,Ν»ғ Ν ёν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν ғν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ςν Ν, Ν,Ν Ν ёν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν«ν Ν», «Ν Ν»,Ν Ν Ν Ν ΝΝ Ν ё ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν,ν Ν,Ν ё Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν μν«ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν («Ν»),Ν Ν Ν ё Ν («Ν»)» Д,Νқίίқ,Ν ғνқүүжғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν, Ν ёν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν,ν,ν,ν,ν,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν ё Ν, Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν. Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν«Ν Ν» [,ΝқίҚγ,Ν ғν4γγж. Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν -,Ν -,Ν - ғν ғν ғν Ν Ν Ν μν 90 Ν Ν Ν«Ν Ν»,Ν Ν ΝҚίғίҚғқίҚ4Ν ғ 402

«Ν ΞΝ Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ΞғғΝ Ν,Ν Ν ё,ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν - Ν,Ν - Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν- Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ё,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν νν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν»ΝД,Νқίίү,Ν ғ 84] Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν - Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν«Ν»,Ν«Ν Ν Ν Ν»ғ Ν Ν ё ёν Ν Ν,Ν Ν - ғν «Ν Ν Ν,Ν ё Ν ғν,ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғғғν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν, Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν, Ν»ΝД,ΝҚλҮλ,Ν ғνқүж. Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν, Ν Ν μν Ν,Ν Ν, Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν ғ 403

Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μ Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ξ Д,ΝҚλүλ,Ν ғνλқ] «Ν Ν Ν Ν νν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ёν Ν ν Ν Ν, Ν ғν Ν Ν,Ν Ν ё Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ё ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,, - Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν. Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғғғ,, Ν,Ν Ν,Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν»ΝД,ΝҚλθҚ,Ν ғνқүқж. қην ΝҚλγθΝ Ν ғν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν«Ν»μΝ «,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ΞΝ Ν Ν Ν ёν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν ёν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν ё Ν Ν «Ν»,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν «Ν»,Ν,Ν Ν Ν»Ν Д,ΝҚλθγ,Ν ғνқθλжғ Ν - Ν ғν ғν Ν«Ν Ν»Ν Ν Ν Ν μν «Ν Ν ςν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ё ғν Ν Ν ςν Ν Ν»ΝД,Ν ҚλҮθ,Ν ғνүίжғν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν ғν ғ Ν,Ν Ν«Ν Ν,Ν Ν νν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν»ΝД,ΝҚλλҮ,Ν ғν4қжғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ ғν Ν«Ν»,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ΝД, 1978, ғν184]: Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ 404

Ν Ν ғ,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν - Ν - ғν Ν Ν «Ν Ν Ν»Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν ςν Ν μν ғν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν ҚλҮқΝ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν «Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ξ»Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ( Ν Ν )Ν Ν μν «Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν, Ν Ν Ν ςν Ν Ξ» Д Жғ «Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν», Ν ғ ғν ΝД,ΝҚλүқ,Ν ғν4θжғν,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν ғ ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν νν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν - Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν, Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ёν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν ё Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ 405

ΝҚλқ4Ν ғν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν«ν Ν Ν Ν Ν νν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν μν Ν Ν,Ν Ν ё Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν νν Ν μν Ν Ν Ν,Ν Ν,Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν» Д,ΝҚλθγ,Ν ғνηί4]. Ν,Ν «Ν Ν Ν Ν»Ν Д - Ж Ν Ν Ν Ν, Ν Ν Ν Ν ғ.. Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғνiii Ν ғν Ν Ν ήν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,ν ғν ғν,.. ғν ғμν,νқίқίғνқηқν ғ.. Ν Ν ғν ΝγΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν Ν,ΝқίҚγғΝ θүλν ғ.. Ν Ν Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν,νқίίүғνқ4ίν ғ.. Ν ғν Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν ғν,νқλλүғνη4қν ғ.. Ν μν,ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ήν... ғμν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν ғν ғν,νқίίқғνқ4үν ғ.. Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν,νқλλγғν4ίίν ғ Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν ήήν Ν ғν Ν ҮίғΝ ғμν Ν Ν Ν,ΝҚλθγғΝҮ4қΝ ғ.. Ν Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν,ΝҚλүқғΝ ηүθν ғ.. ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν,ΝҚλүλғΝққ4Ν ғ.. ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν μν Ν Ν,ΝҚλҮλғΝүίΝ ғ. Ν μν Ν ΝД Ν ЖΝήΝ ғν ғν Ν μν http://www.colta.ru/articles/literature/907.. ё Ν Ν Ν Д Ν ЖΝ ήν ғν ғν ғν Ν μνсээщμήήааағщшrэкх-slovo.ru/history/35585.php.. Ν Ν ήν ғν ғν ғν Ν Ν Ν ҚίΝ ғν Ν қғν.: Ν,ΝҚλҮүғΝ4Қ4Ν ғ. Ν ё- Ν Ν Ν Ν Д Ν ЖΝ ήν ғν Ν ήήν GQ (ύочэхоцоч ЬΝ QЮКrЭОrХв)ғΝ Ν 4Ν (Қθη)ғΝ Ν қίқηғν Ν μν http://www.gq.ru/magazine/columns/107559_kak_vse_taki_lyubyat_russkie_stradat.php.. Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν,ΝҚλθҚғΝγηқΝ ғ.. Ν Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν,ΝҚλҮθғΝққ4Ν ғ 406

.. Ν Ν μν«ν Ν Ν Ν Ν ғν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν Ν,Ν,Ν Ν»ғΝ Ν Ν Ν - Ν Ν Ν Ν ΝД Ν ЖΝήΝ ғν ғν Ν ήήν Ν ғν Ν γғν Ν қίίүғν Ν μν http://www.keston.org.uk/_russianreview/edition32/01mark-elliot-interview.html.. Ν Ν ΝήΝ ғν ғν ғν ғμν Ν,ΝқίίқғΝηηү ғ -.. Ν Ν Ν Д ЖΝ ήν ғν ғν - ғν Ν μνааағьшмғщюғrюήщюлхтмкэтшчьήуьькήқίίίήқήқλукrьфкукғсэцх 407