32 7 () V o l. 32 N o. 7 2004 7 Jour. of N o rthw est Sci2T ech U niv. of A gri. and Fo r. (N aṫ Sci. Ed. ) July 2004 B Ξ, (, 712100) [ ]B, ;, 50 100 d, 30 30 d [ ] B ; ; [] R 445. 1; S814. 4 [] A [ ] 167129387 (2004) 0720117206,,,, 20 60 X 60 A, D, 70 80,,,,,, B, B,, [1 4 ], [5 9 ] B 5, B 1 B,,,, ;,, 1976, L indah l [10 ] B 76 146 d 280,, 100%, Fow ler W ilk in s [11 ], W h ite [12 ] T averne [13 ], D avey [14 ] L ogue [15 ] Gearhart [16 ], [17 ],, B, ( 1), 50 100 d Buck rell [18 ] Gearhart [16 ] Gercia [19 ] Sch rick In skeep [20 ], [21 ], [22 ], [23 ],, B, ( 1), 30 50 d, [17 ] 26, 3. 5M H z B ( 20 d, 10 d 1 ),, 20, 30 40 d,, 18% (3g7), 59% (10g17) 88% (15g17) ;,, 64% (11g17), 94% (16g17) 100% (17g17) [21 ] 5 M H z B 12, 20 21 d 100% (6g6), 166 20 59 d B,, 155, 10, 1, Ξ [ ] 2003206216 [ ](2000020111) [ ] (1962- ),,,,,
118 () 32, B,,,, Do ize [24 ] 5 M H z B, 17 19 d Gonzalez [25 ] 7. 5 M H z B, 12. 8 d, 19 d [22 ] 5. 0 M H z B, gd D ays of exam. N o. of anim al, 100%, 91% [26 ] 5 M H z, 33 36 d 10, 4, 6 1 B T able 1 B 2mode ultrasonic scanning of the uterus in sheep fo r gestation diagno sis gm H z T ransducer M ethod of exam. g% gestation g% gestation g% non2gestation g% non2gestation References 46 106 5 530 3. 5 TA 99 100 100 94 [ 11 ] 46 93 554 3. 5 TA 100 100 100 100 [ 12 ] 29 89 724 3 TA 99 99 98 96 [ 13 ] 50 100 516 3. 5 TA 99 100 100 88 [ 14 ] < 40, > 100 2 499 TA 100 99 87 96 [ 15 ] 51 75 26 5 TA 100 100 100 100 [ 16 ] 20 26 3. 5 TA 64 100 [ 17 ] 30 26 3. 5 TA 94 100 [ 17 ] 40 26 3. 5 TA 100 100 [ 17 ] 25 50 64 5 TR 87 97 96 83 [ 18 ] 0 25 26 5 TR 12 100 [ 16 ] 26 50 26 5 TR 65 100 [ 16 ] 24 26 91 5 TR 65 85 95 87 [ 19 ] 32 34 91 5 TR 85 96 98 94 [ 19 ] 0 60 117 7. 5 TR 98 92 62 87 [ 20 ] 21 23 12 5 TR 100 [ 21 ] 165 5 TR 100 91. 1 [ 22 ] 20 25 75 TR 83 89 [ 23 ] 28 100 291 TR 100 100 [ 23 ] : = g; = gta. ; TR. N o te: rate = co rrect diagno sis num bergreal occurrence num ber; rate = co rrect diagno sis num bergto tal diagno sis num beṙ TA : transabdom inal; TR: transrectal., B ( 60 d ), 30 d, ; 30 50 d ; 50 60 d 2 A, B,,,,,,, B, 2,,, ;, 1984,W h ite [12 ] 520 46 93 d B, (g) 99%, (g ) 99%, 99%, 100% [27 ],
7 : B 119 Douglas 5 530, 98. 7% 97. 7% ; 93. 8% 97. 1% ; 52. 3% 81. 2% ; 0, 50 100 d T averne [13 ], D avey [14 ], L ogue [15 ] B, Gearhart [16 ] B, ( 2), B 50 d gd D ays of exam. N o. of anim al 2 B [28 ] B, 50 80 d,, Sch rick In skeep [20 ] 7. 5 M H z B 17, 25 d, B,,,, T able 2 B 2mode ultrasonic scanning fo r determ ination of fetal num ber in sheep gm H z T ransducer M ethod of exam. g% single fetus g% single fetus g% m ultip le fetuses g% m ultip le fetuses References 45 77 210 3 TA 91 84 93 97 [ 13 ] 50 100 479 3. 5 TA 100 97 91 100 [ 14 ] < 40, > 100 2 348 TA 94 94 96 95 [ 15 ] 51 75 24 5 TA 110 97 [ 16 ] 26 50 24 5 TR 80 5 [ 16 ] 3, B,,,,,,, B, : (BPD ) ( 2) ( 2), BPD, ( ), ;, [24, 25, 27, 28 ] H aibel [29 ] B BPD, BPD, H aibel Perk in [30 ] 40 95 d, Sergeev [31 ] 49 109 d A ium lam ai [32 ] 10, B BPD, BPD Gonzalez [25 ] B, 32 90 d BPD 38 91 d,,bpd r= 0. 96, r= 0. 95 Kelly [33 ] 40 80 d B BPD,, BPD ; 40 d 95% 2 d, 80 d 4 d;, 40 80 d, Gonzalez [25 ], 36 90 d, 2 mm 17 mm, r= 0. 92; r= 0. 96; r= 0. 78 Sergeev [31 ] 49 109 d, Gonzalez [25 ] 23 90 d, B, Sergeev [31 ],, 49 119 d Sch rick In skeep [20 ] 20 40 d, B,
120 () 32 (Y ) (X ) : Y = 14. 05+ 1. 16X - 0. 012X 2 Gonzalez [25 ] 19 48 d, r= 0. 94 [34 ] B 24,,, (r= 0. 78), 100 145 d, (Y ) (X ) : Y = 33. 41+ 20. 26X M o reno [35 ] B,,, A ium lam ai [32 ] B,, 7, (2. 78 0. 026) Bq,, 3 (2. 317 0. 267) Bq, (1. 95 0. 153) Bq Do ize [24 ], 42 d, 74 d ;,, 4 B,,,,,, B,, ( ),, B, [36 ] 5 M H z B 26, 20 d, 10 d 1, 130 d, 50 d, 10 cm,, ; 50 80 d, 10 20 cm,,, ; 90 110 d, 20 30 cm,, 5,, 5 mm,, ; 110 d, 30 cm, 1 2 2 3 cm, 20 30 d,, [37 ] 5M H z B 15 60 d 17, 1 3, 18, 19 20 d ; 30 d, 0. 3 cm ; 35 d [34 ] 5 M H z B 24,, 18 19 d ; 36 d,, ; 38 d ; 41 d ; 44 d ; 49 d, ; 62 d, ; 79 d, ; 83 d,, ; 100 d ; 105 d [28 ] B, 20 d 1, 10 mm ; 25 d 15 20 mm ; 22 25 d ( ) ; 25 30 d ; 30 40 d ; 40 60 d, ; 60 100 d,, B, 5 Coub rough Castell [38 ] 5 M H z B, 60 69 d,, 100%, 76%,B,,, B B, B, B,
7 : B 121 [ ] [ 1 ] Karen A, Kovacs P, Beckers J F, et al. P regnancy diagno sis in sheep: review of the mo st p ractical m ethods[j ]. A cta V et B rno, 2001, 70: 115-126. [ 2 ] M ush taq A,M emon, Randall S, et al. M ethods of p regnancy diagno sis in sheep and goats[j ]. Co rnell V et, 1979, 70: 226-231. [ 3 ] T rapp M J, Slyter A L. P regnancy diagno sis in ew e[j ]. Journal of A nim al Science, 1983, 57 (1) : 226-231. [ 4 ] W att B R, A ndreson G A, Campell I P. A comparison of six m ethods used fo r detecting p regnancy in sheep [J ]. A ust V et J, 1984, 61: 377-382. [ 5 ],. B [J ]., 2000, 16 (11) : 14-15. [ 6 ],. [J ]., 1999, 20 (4) : 18-21. [ 7 ],. [J ]., 1999, 30 (3) : 299-309. [ 8 ],. [J ]., 2000, (9) : 39-40. [ 9 ] W oodard T O, W h ite S L, F low ers W L, et al. Real2tim e ultrasound as an enhanced m eans of p regnancy diagno sis in sw ine [ EBgOL ]. H ttp: ggwww. cals. ncsu. edugan scigannrep95gsw inegsw in9516. htm l, 2003206216. [ 10 ] L indah l I L. P regnancy diagno sis in ew e by ultrasonic scanning[j ]. Journal of Am er Sci, 1976, 43 (6) : 1135-1146. [ 11 ] Fow ler D G,W ilk ins J F. D iagno sis of p regnancy and num ber of the fetuses in sheep by real2tim e ultrasonic im aging. g. Effect of num ber of fetuses, stage of gestation, operato r and breed of ew e on accuracy of diagno sis[j ]. L ivest P rod Sci, 1984, 11: 437-450. [ 12 ] W h ite I R, Russel A J F, Fow ler D G. Real2tim e ultrasonic scanning in the diagno sis of p regnancy and the determ ination of fetal num bers in sheep [J ]. V et Rec, 1984, 115: 140-143. [ 13 ] T averne M A M, L avo ir M C, V an Oo rd R, et al. of p regnancy diagno sis and p rediction of fetal num bers in sheep w ith linear2 array real2tim e ltrasound scanning[j ]. The V et Q uart, 1985, 7: 256-263. [ 14 ] D avey C G. A n evaluation of p regnancy testing in sheep using a real2tim e ultrasound scanner[j ]. A ust V et J, 1986, 63: 347-348. [ 15 ] L ogue N D, H all J T,M croberts S, et al. Real2tim e ultrasonic scanning in sheep: T he results of first year of its app lication on farm s in South2w est Sco tland[j ]. V et Rec, 1987, 121: 146-149. [ 16 ] Gearhart M A,W ingfield W E, Knigh t A P, et al. Real2tim e ultrasonography fo r determ ining p regnancy status and viable fetal num bers in ew es[j ]. Theriogeno logy, 1988, 30: 323-337. [ 17 ]. B [J ]., 1991, (4) : 6-8. [ 18 ] Buck rell B C, Bonnett B N, Johnson W H. T he use of real2tim e ultrasound rectally fo r early p regnancy diagno sis in sheep [ J ]. Theriogeno logy, 1986, 25: 665-673. [ 19 ] Garcia A, N eary M K, Kelly G R, et al. of ultrasonography in early p regnancy diagno sis in the ew e[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1993, 39: 847-861. [ 20 ] Sch rick F N, Inskeep E K. D eterm ination of early p regnancy in ew es utilizing transrectal ultrasonography[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1993, 40: 295-360. [ 21 ],,,. [J ]., 1996, (2) : 16-19. [ 22 ],,,. [J ]., 2001, (4) : 30-31. [ 23 ],,,. B [J ]., 2002, 18 (2) : 18-19. [ 24 ] Do ize F, V aillancourt D, Carabin H, et al. D eterm ination of gestational age in sheep and goats using transrectal ultrasonograph ic m easurem ent of p lacentom es[j ]. Theriogeno logy, 1997, 48: 449-460. [25 ] Gonzalez B A, Santiago M J, L opez S A. E stim ation of fetal developm ent in M anchega dairy ew es by transrectal ultrasonograph ic m easurem ents[j ]. Sm all Rum in Res, 1998, 27: 243-250. [ 26 ],. B [J ]., 2002, (1) : 6-8. [ 27 ],. B [J ]., 2001, 22 (3) : 31-33. [ 28 ],,. B [J ]., 2002, (2) : 20-21. [29 ] H aibel G K. Real2tim e ultrasonic fetal head m easurem ent and gestational age in dairy goats[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1988, 30 (6) : 1053-1057. [ 30 ] H aibel G K, Perk ins N R. Real2tim e ultrasonic biparietal diam eter of second trim ester Suffo lk and F inn sheep fetuses and p rediction of gestational age[j ]. Theriogeno logy, 1989, 32: 863-869. [ 31 ] Sergeev L, Kleem ann D O,W alker S K, et al. Real2tim e ultrasound im aging fo r p redicting ovine fetal age[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1990, 34: 593-601. [ 32 ] A ium lam ai S, F redrik sson G, N ilsfo rs L. Real2tim e ultrasonography fo r determ ining the gestational age of ew es[j ]. V et Rec, 1992, 131: 560-562.
122 () 32 [ 33 ] Kelly R W, N ew nham J P. E stim ation of gestational age in M erino ew es by ultrasound m easurem ent of fetal head size[j ]. A ust J A gri Res, 1989, 40: 1293-1299. [ 34 ],,. [J ]., 2000, 26 (1) : 16-18. [ 35 ] M o reno J C, Chavez C S, B ickhard T K. Fetal heart rate and real2tim e ultrasouic fetom etry fo r determ ination of fetal age in sheep [J ]. D eutsche T ier Rztliche W ochensch rift, 1996, 103 (11) : 478-480. [ 36 ]. B [J ]., 1994, 20 (2) : 20. [ 37 ],,,. [J ]., 1996, 26 (2) : 12-15. [ 38 ] Coubrough C A, Castell M C. Fetal sex determ ination by ultrasonically locating the genital tubercle in ew es[j ]. T heriogeno logy, 1998, 50: 263-267. P rogress in research on detecting gestation in sheep u sing real2tim e B 2m ode u ltrason ic scanner ZHANG Y i-hua,dou Zhong-y ing (College of A nim al S cience and T echnology,n orthw est S ci2t ech U niversity of A g riculture and Forestry, Yang ling, S haanx i 712100, China) Abstract: T he review d iscu sses d iagno sing p regnancy, determ in ing feta l num bers, est im a t ing gestational age, decting fetal developm en t and inden tifying fetal sex as w ell as u sing real2tim e B 2mode u ltrason ic scanner to detect the u teru s on ly in goats and sheep. It is show n that real2tim e B 2mode u ltrason ic scann ing is the qu ickest, safest, clearest and mo st effective m ethod of detecting gestation in goats and sheep at p resen ṫ In addition, the resu lts of tran sabdom inal and tran srectal scann ing fo r detercting gestation in goats and sheep are compared and summ ed. It is show n that 50-100 d after m ating is the best tim e fo r tran sabdom inal and 30-50 d fo r tran srectal. Key words: real2tim e B 2mode u ltrason ic scanner; sheep; detecting gestation ( 116 ) Syn thesis of p ro staglandin E 1 derivatives by 1, 42addition of an o rganozinc reagen t M A Yang-m in, FU J ian-x i (College of L if e S ciences, N orthw est S ci2t ech U niversity of A g riculture and Forestry, Yang ling, S haanx i 712100, China) Abstract: P reparation of p ro staglandin E 1 m ethyl ester w as accomp lished by 1, 42addition reaction of o rganozinc reagen t m ade from 12iodo 232t rim ethysiloxy212octene w ith 22( 62m ethoxylca rbonylhexyl) 242( 22 tetrahydro2pyranyloxy) 222cyclopen tenone. It indicates it is po ssib le that p ro staglandin E compounds cou ld be syn thesized w ith 1, 42addition reaction of o rganozinc agen ṫ U nder catalysis of CuCN, the yield cou ld increase 12% in the 1, 42addition reaction. Key words: o rganozinc; 1, 42addition reaction; p ro staglandin E 1 m ethyl ester; o rgan ic syn thesis