LAMPIRAN 1 Perbandingan komposisi bahan LTO : PVDF : AB LTO : PVDF : AB = 85% : 10% : 5% Massa LTO = 10 gram 10% PVDF = 1,17 gram 85%. x = 10% x 10 gram 0,85. x = 0,1 x 10 gram 0,85 x = 1 gram x = 5% Acetylene Black = 0,59 gram = 1,17 gram 85%. x = 5% x 10 gram 0,85. x = 0,05 x 10 gram 0,85 x = 0,5 gram x = = 0,59 gram Perhitungan Massa Bahan Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Persamaan Stokiometri : 4 LiOH.H 2 O + 5 TiO 2 Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 + 6 H 2 O
Diketahui massa atom relative masing-masing unsur adalah : Ar Li = 6,941 Ar O = 16 Ar H = 1,008 Ar Ti = 47,87 Maka berat molekuldari masing-masing bahan adalah : Mr. LiOH.H 2 O = 41,9988 gr/mol Mr. TiO 2 = 79,997 gr/mol Mr. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 = 459,9383 gr/mol Massa LTO = 10 gram Menghitung jumlah mol Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 0,02174205 mol Menghitung massa LiOH.H 2 O Perhitungan mol LiOH.H 2 O x Perhitungan massa x Mr mol x 41,9988
Menghitung Massa TiO 2 Perhitungan mol TiO 2 Mol TiO 2 = Mol TiO 2 = =0,10871025 mol Perhitungan massa TiO 2 x Mr mol x 79,997
LAMPIRAN 2 Menghitung Nilai Konduktivitas Sel Baterai c d 1 cm b a Dengan Keterangan : = konduktivitas sel baterai (1/ Ω cm atau S/cm) Re = hambatan elekronik (Ω) Rct = hambatan transfer muatan (Ω) A = luas permukaan persegi (cm 2 ) = tebal lembaran (cm) Z total = penjumlahan dari hambatan elektronik dan hambatan transfer muatan (Ω) M-1 (ketebalan 50 μm) Ω = Ω M-2 (ketebalan 80 μm) Ω = 3,66 Ω
M-4 (ketebalan 120 μm) Ω = 1,58 Ω Menghitung Energy Density ( ) M-1 (ketebalan 50 μm) M-2 (ketebalan 80 μm) M-4 (ketebalan 120 μm)
Menghitung Power Density ( ) M-1 (Ketebalan 50 μm) 0,0017 M-2 (Ketebalan 80 μm) 0,005 M-4 (Ketebalan 120 μm) 0,0067
LAMPIRAN 3 Gambar Bahan Serbuk LiOH.H 2 O Serbuk TiO 2 Serbuk PVDF Serbuk Karbon AB DMAC Aseton
Alat-alat Karakterisasi Penelitian Alat Uji CV/CD (WBCS 3000) Alat Uji XRD
Intensity (counts) Intensity (counts) LAMPIRAN 4 Analysis Results General Information Analysis date 2016/03/07 17:50:03 Sample name LTO Mia Measurement date File name LTO Mia.ras Operator Method Rietveld Measurement profile 500 400 300 200 100 0 50 0-50 20 40 60 80 2-theta (deg)
Peak list No. 2-theta(deg) d(ang.) Height(cou nts) FWHM(deg) Int. I(counts deg) Int. W(deg) Asym. factor 1 18.329(3) 4.8363(9) 336(18) 0.111(4) 52.8(12) 0.157(12) 0.57(5) 2 27.405(6) 3.2518(7) 138(12) 0.084(7) 16.4(6) 0.119(15) 0.6(2) 3 35.574(6) 2.5216(4) 159(13) 0.094(6) 19.2(7) 0.121(14) 1.3(3) 4 36.077(13) 2.4876(8) 43(7) 0.158(16) 8.7(5) 0.20(4) 3.2(12) 5 41.241(5) 2.1872(3) 19(4) 0.102(16) 2.3(3) 0.12(4) 4(6) 6 43.259(6) 2.0897(3) 230(15) 0.099(5) 29.7(8) 0.129(12) 2.5(8) 7 43.607(17) 2.0739(8) 40(6) 0.15(3) 8.4(6) 0.21(5) 0.9(4) 8 47.346(10) 1.9185(4) 37(6) 0.052(18) 3.1(3) 0.08(2) 0.6(6) 9 54.308(8) 1.6878(2) 64(8) 0.113(7) 8.2(4) 0.13(2) 1.3(4) 10 56.635(18) 1.6239(5) 18(4) 0.106(14) 2.0(3) 0.11(4) 1.9(14) 11 57.209(10) 1.6089(3) 62(8) 0.109(9) 8.5(4) 0.14(2) 1.4(6) 12 62.839(4) 1.47764(9) 129(11) 0.095(6) 16.8(7) 0.130(17) 3.0(5) 13 66.071(12) 1.4130(2) 38(6) 0.116(9) 4.7(4) 0.12(3) 1.4(6) 14 69.000(10) 1.35998(17) 25(5) 0.091(11) 2.9(3) 0.12(4) 2.1(9) 15 79.346(4) 1.20659(6) 26(5) 0.092(17) 4.2(3) 0.16(4) 0.6(4) 16 82.316(17) 1.1704(2) 21(5) 0.108(15) 2.5(3) 0.12(4) 0.8(5) Parameters used for WPPF Profile parameters Common parameter Background Data LTO Mia Function name B-spline param0 84.313456644811268 param1 75.984609655161563 param2 50.773406249999972 param3 53.593255532828387 param4 22.948664595175941 param5 23.921975167232532 param6 25.283797123546346 param7 13.652353505600127 param8 17.687394539546787 param9 21.240832360296785 param10 21.216362598870347 param11 15.48052523059904 param12 9.8960776445077077 param13 18.428149731217882 param14 12.323205348706963 param15 10.104624938353455 param16 14.811131781541111 node0 10
Common parameter Lithium Titanium Oxide node1 17.48 node2 24.960000000000001 node3 32.479999999999997 node4 38.880000000000003 node5 45.280000000000001 node6 50.299999999999997 node7 55.32 node8 60.340000000000003 node9 65.359999999999999 node10 70.060000000000002 node11 74.760000000000005 node12 79.459999999999994 node13 84.200000000000003 node14 90 Peak shift Function name Shift axial displacement param0-0.040801143214112399 param1 0 param2 0 Scale factor S 4.99(6) FWHM U 0.015(6) V -0.020(6) W 0.0118(13) Asym. factor A0-0.45(9) A1 1.2(3) Decay rate factor etal0/ml0 1.36(19) etal1/ml1 0.36(7) etal2/ml2 0.0000 etah0/mh0 0.24(5) etah1/mh1 0.56(15) etah2/mh2 0.0000 Preferred orientationmarch- H 0 K 0 L 0 March coefficient 1.000000 Rutile, syn Scale factor S 1.51(4) FWHM U 0.05(3) V -0.05(2) W 0.025(6) Asym. factor A0 0.36(17) A1 0.1(5) Decay rate factor etal0/ml0 0.27(10) etal1/ml1 0.0(3) etal2/ml2 0.0000 etah0/mh0 0.39(14) etah1/mh1 0.0(5) etah2/mh2 0.0000 Preferred orientationmarch- H 0 K 0 L 0 March coefficient 1.000000
Structure parameters Data set name Phase Name Elem ent x y z Occu pancy Temperature factor LTO Mia LTO Mia Lithium Titanium Oxide Lithium Titanium Oxide Li O 0.625000 0.388100 0.6250 00 0.3881 LTO Mia Lithium Titanium Oxide Li 0.000000 00 0.0000 LTO Mia Lithium Titanium Oxide Ti 0.625000 00 0.6250 LTO Mia Rutile, syn Ti 0.000000 00 0.0000 LTO Mia Rutile, syn O 0.304850 00 0.3048 50 0.625 000 0.388 100 0.000 000 0.625 000 0.000 000 0.000 000 0.172 0.500 1.000 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.828 0.500 1.000 0.500 1.000 0.500 Data set name Rwp Rp Re S LTO Mia 38.45 27.42 32.84 1.1692 Lattice constants Angular correction Analysis results Data set name a(a) b(a) c(a) alpha(deg) beta(deg) gamma(deg) LTO Mia 8.3572(4) 8.3572(4) 8.3572(4) 90.000000 90.000000 90.000000 LTO Mia 4.5909(5) 4.5909(5) 2.9579(4) 90.000000 90.000000 90.000000 Phase name a(a) b(a) c(a) alpha(deg) beta(deg) gamma(deg) V(A^3) Lithium Titanium Oxide 8.357 Rutile, syn 2(4) 4.590 9(5) 8.3572(4) 8.357 4.5909(5) 2(4) 2.957 9(4) 90.000000 90.00000 90.000000 090.00000 0 90.000000 583.70(5) 90.000000 62.340(12)
Lattice constants (ang.) 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 LTO Mia LTO Mia Data set a b c Crystal structure analysis results Indexing Phase name Formula Figure of merit Phase reg. detail DB card number Lithium Titanium Oxide Li1.33 Ti1.66 O4 0.580 ICDD (PDF-4+ 2014 RDB) 04-009-5069 Rutile, syn Ti O2 0.520 ICDD (PDF-4+ 2014 RDB) 04-004-4338 Quantitative analysis results Phase name Content(%) - Lithium Titanium Oxide 77.3(10) - Rutile, syn 22.7(6) Lattice information Phase name a(a) b(a) c(a) alpha(deg) beta( deg) gamma(deg) V(A^3) Lithium Titanium 8.3572(4) 8.3572(4) 8.357 Oxide Rutile, syn 4.5909(5) 4.5909(5) 2(4) 2.957 9(4) 90.000000 90.00 90.000000 0000 90.00 0000 90.000000 583.70(5) 90.000000 62.340(1 2) Phase name Space group Z Z' Calc. density(g/cm^3) Lithium Titanium Oxide 227 : Fd-3m,choice-1 8 0.042 3.469 Rutile, syn 136 : P42/mnm 2 0.125 4.247
Structure determination Refinement Measurement range: 10.0000-90.0000deg Refinement range: 10.0000-90.0000deg (1.09 A) Number of refined parameters: 41 Phase name Atomic cords # of indep. reflns Lithium Titanium Oxide Fractional cords 19 Rutile, syn Fractional cords 20 Rwp = 38.45% S = 1.1692
Sampel M-1 LAMPIRAN 5 Measurement Time Frequency Z(ohm) deg(deg) Rs(ohm) X(ohm) Vmoni(V) Imoni(A) 15:21:49 50000 1.28E+01-49.14 8.35E+00 9.65E+00 0.01 7.72E-04 15:21:50 36350 1.57E+01-51.06 9.88E+00 1.22E+01 0.012 7.53E-04 15:21:51 26430 1.93E+01-51.68 1.19E+01 1.51E+01 0.014 7.26E-04 15:21:52 19220 2.37E+01-51.55 1.47E+01 1.85E+01 0.016 6.89E-04 15:21:54 13970 2.89E+01-50.89 1.82E+01 2.24E+01 0.019 6.49E-04 15:21:55 10160 3.48E+01-49.78 2.25E+01 2.66E+01 0.021 6.05E-04 15:21:56 7388 4.17E+01-48.43 2.77E+01 3.12E+01 0.023 5.44E-04 15:21:57 5372 4.94E+01-46.84 3.38E+01 3.60E+01 0.025 5.06E-04 15:21:58 3906 5.84E+01-45.4 4.10E+01 4.16E+01 0.027 4.64E-04 15:22:00 2840 6.82E+01-44.05 4.91E+01 4.74E+01 0.029 4.25E-04 15:22:01 2065 7.96E+01-42.67 5.85E+01 5.39E+01 0.031 3.86E-04 15:22:02 1501 9.36E+01-41.24 7.04E+01 6.17E+01 0.032 3.39E-04 15:22:04 1092 1.08E+02-39.68 8.33E+01 6.91E+01 0.034 3.14E-04 15:22:05 793.7 1.25E+02-38.01 9.82E+01 7.67E+01 0.036 2.86E-04 15:22:06 577.1 1.43E+02-36.07 1.15E+02 8.39E+01 0.037 2.58E-04 15:22:07 419.6 1.62E+02-33.82 1.35E+02 9.04E+01 0.038 2.33E-04 15:22:08 305.1 1.84E+02-31.38 1.57E+02 9.56E+01 0.039 2.11E-04 15:22:09 221.8 2.05E+02-28.58 1.80E+02 9.81E+01 0.04 1.92E-04 15:22:11 161.3 2.26E+02-25.38 2.04E+02 9.68E+01 0.041 1.77E-04 15:22:12 117.3 2.45E+02-22.34 2.27E+02 9.31E+01 0.041 1.64E-04 15:22:13 85.27 2.62E+02-19.38 2.47E+02 8.69E+01 0.04 1.49E-04 15:22:14 62 2.78E+02-16.97 2.66E+02 8.10E+01 0.041 1.43E-04 15:22:16 45.08 2.88E+02-15.02 2.78E+02 7.46E+01 0.041 1.40E-04 15:22:17 32.78 2.97E+02-14.08 2.88E+02 7.23E+01 0.041 1.36E-04 15:22:18 23.83 3.05E+02-13.7 2.96E+02 7.22E+01 0.042 1.34E04 15:22:19 17.33 3.15E+02-13.93 3.05E+02 7.57E+01 0.042 1.30E-04 15:22:20 12.6 3.23E+02-15.07 3.12E+02 8.39E+01 0.042 1.27E-04 15:22:22 9.161 3.38E+02-16.58 3.24E+02 9.65E+01 0.042 1.21E-04 15:22:23 6.661 3.53E+02-19.04 3.34E+02 1.15E+02 0.042 1.16E-04 15:22:24 4.843 3.74E+02-22.11 3.47E+02 1.41E+02 0.042 1.10E-04 15:22:26 3.521 4.03E+02-25.9 3.62E+02 1.76E+02 0.04 9.77E-05 15:22:28 2.56 4.39E+02-30.28 3.79E+02 2.21E+02 0.04 8.96E-05 15:22:29 1.862 4.88E+02-35.47 3.98E+02 2.83E+02 0.04 7.99E-05 15:22:31 1.354 5.53E+02-40.79 4.19E+02 3.62E+02 0.039 6.94E-05 15:22:33 0.984 6.51E+02-46.71 4.46E+02 4.74E+02 0.039 5.79E-05 15:22:36 0.716 7.75E+02-51.8 4.79E+02 6.09E+02 0.038 4.75E-05 15:22:39 0.52 9.56E+02-56.89 5.22E+02 8.01E+02 0.037 3.74E-05 15:22:46 0.378 1.21E+03-62.21 5.64E+02 1.07E+03 0.036 2.95E-05 15:22:50 0.275 1.53E+03-66.73 6.03E+02 1.40E+03 0.035 2.26E-05 15:22:57 0.2 1.99E+03-69.54 6.94E+02 1.86E+03 0.035 1.70E-05
V 0.050V LIM OFF RANGE AUTO OPEN OFF SHORT OFF DELAY 1.00s AVE OFF SPEED NORMAL
Sampel M-2 Measurement Time Frequency Z(ohm) deg(deg) Rs(ohm) X(ohm) Vmoni(V) Imoni(A) 17:39:16 50000 7.60E+00-43.87 5.48E+00 5.27E+00 0.006 8.15E-04 17:39:17 37220 9.08E+00-47.36 6.15E+00 6.68E+00 0.007 8.10E-04 17:39:18 27710 1.10E+01-50.78 6.94E+00 8.50E+00 0.009 8.01E-04 17:39:19 20620 1.32E+01-53.54 7.87E+00 1.07E+01 0.01 7.85E-04 17:39:21 15350 1.61E+01-55.32 9.18E+00 1.33E+01 0.012 7.64E-04 17:39:22 11430 1.97E+01-56.38 1.09E+01 1.64E+01 0.014 7.37E-04 17:39:23 8506 2.42E+01-56.36 1.34E+01 2.02E+01 0.016 6.77E-04 17:39:24 6332 2.97E+01-56.37 1.64E+01 2.47E+01 0.019 6.44E-04 17:39:26 4713 3.62E+01-55.14 2.07E+01 2.97E+01 0.022 6.01E-04 17:39:27 3509 4.39E+01-53.55 2.61E+01 3.53E+01 0.024 5.53E-04 17:39:28 2612 5.27E+01-51.69 3.27E+01 4.14E+01 0.027 5.04E-04 17:39:29 1944 6.29E+01-49.59 4.08E+01 4.79E+01 0.027 4.32E-04 17:39:30 1447 7.44E+01-47.16 5.06E+01 5.45E+01 0.03 4.02E-04 17:39:32 1077 8.70E+01-44.4 6.21E+01 6.09E+01 0.032 3.68E-04 17:39:33 801.9 1.02E+02-41.51 7.61E+01 6.73E+01 0.034 3.34E-04 17:39:34 596.9 1.16E+02-38.33 9.12E+01 7.21E+01 0.035 3.03E-04 17:39:35 444.3 1.32E+02-34.69 1.08E+02 7.50E+01 0.036 2.74E-04 17:39:36 330.7 1.47E+02-30.89 1.26E+02 7.53E+01 0.037 2.51E-04 17:39:38 246.2 1.61E+02-26.72 1.44E+02 7.25E+01 0.038 2.32E-04 17:39:39 183.3 1.74E+02-22.76 1.60E+02 6.72E+01 0.038 2.18E-04 17:39:40 136.4 1.85E+02-18.94 1.75E+02 5.99E+01 0.039 2.08E-04 17:39:41 101.5 1.92E+02-16.04 1.85E+02 5.31E+01 0.039 2.00E-04 17:39:43 75.59 1.99E+02-13.56 1.94E+02 4.67E+01 0.038 1.88E-04 17:39:44 56.27 2.04E+02-11.56 2.00E+02 4.09E+01 0.038 1.85E-04 17:39:45 41.88 2.08E+02-10.12 2.05E+02 3.66E+01 0.039 1.83E-04 17:39:46 31.18 2.12E+02-9.08 2.10E+02 3.35E+01 0.039 1.81E-04 17:39:47 23.21 2.15E+02-8.5 2.13E+02 3.19E+01 0.039 1.79E-04 17:39:48 17.28 2.20E+02-8.13 2.18E+02 3.11E+01 0.039 1.76E-04 17:39:50 12.86 2.23E+02-8.37 2.21E+02 3.25E+01 0.039 1.74E-04 17:39:51 9.572 2.28E+02-9 2.25E+02 3.56E+01 0.039 1.70E-04 17:39:52 7.126 2.32E+02-9.21 2.29E+02 3.72E+01 0.039 1.67E-04 17:39:54 5.304 2.40E+02-10.38 2.36E+02 4.33E+01 0.04 1.62E-04 17:39:55 3.948 2.47E+02-11.13 2.43E+02 4.77E+01 0.038 1.50E-04 17:39:58 2.188 2.70E+02-14.06 2.62E+02 6.55E+01 0.038 1.38E-04 17:40:00 1.629 2.83E+02-15.18 2.73E+02 7.42E+01 0.037 1.29E-04 17:40:10 0.5 3.80E+02-19.28 3.59E+02 1.26E+02 0.031 8.01E-05
V 0.050V LIM OFF RANGE AUTO OPEN OFF SHORT OFF DELAY 1.00s AVE OFF SPEED NORMAL Cole-Cole Plot 4.00E+02 3.50E+02 3.00E+02 2.50E+02 X(ƒ ) 2.00E+02 1.50E+02 1.00E+02 5.00E+01 0.00E+00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Rs(ƒ )
Sampel M-4 Measurement Time Frequency Z(ohm) deg(deg) Rs(ohm) X(ohm) Vmoni(V) Imoni(A) 13:09:19 50000 1.38E+01-34.64 1.14E+01 7.85E+00 0.01 7.35E-04 13:09:20 36350 1.57E+01-39.66 1.21E+01 1.00E+01 0.011 7.28E-04 13:09:21 26430 1.86E+01-44.11 1.33E+01 1.29E+01 0.013 7.13E-04 13:09:22 19220 2.21E+01-48.53 1.46E+01 1.65E+01 0.015 6.93E-04 13:09:24 13970 2.69E+01-51.85 1.66E+01 2.12E+01 0.018 6.65E-04 13:09:25 10160 3.30E+01-54.82 1.90E+01 2.70E+01 0.021 6.28E-04 13:09:26 7388 4.08E+01-57.11 2.22E+01 3.43E+01 0.023 5.69E-04 13:09:27 5372 5.09E+01-58.9 2.63E+01 4.36E+01 0.027 5.24E-04 13:09:29 3906 6.37E+01-60.29 3.16E+01 5.54E+01 0.03 4.70E-04 13:09:30 2840 8.02E+01-61.07 3.88E+01 7.02E+01 0.033 4.12E-04 13:09:31 2065 1.02E+02-61.53 4.87E+01 8.98E+01 0.036 3.52E-04 13:09:33 1501 1.29E+02-60.96 6.25E+01 1.13E+02 0.037 2.89E-04 13:09:34 1092 1.63E+02-59.73 8.21E+01 1.41E+02 0.04 2.43E-04 13:09:35 793.7 2.04E+02-57.75 1.09E+02 1.73E+02 0.042 2.02E-04 13:09:36 577.1 2.55E+02-54.74 1.47E+02 2.09E+02 0.043 1.66E-04 13:09:37 419.6 3.14E+02-50.93 1.98E+02 2.44E+02 0.044 1.37E-04 13:09:38 305.1 3.80E+02-46.38 2.62E+02 2.75E+02 0.045 1.15E-04 13:09:39 221.8 4.50E+02-41.44 3.37E+02 2.98E+02 0.045 9.79E-05 13:09:41 161.3 5.16E+02-35.43 4.21E+02 2.99E+02 0.045 8.57E-05 13:09:42 117.3 5.76E+02-30.22 4.98E+02 2.90E+02 0.046 7.71E-05 13:09:43 85.27 6.29E+02-25.14 5.69E+02 2.67E+02 0.044 6.85E-05 13:09:44 62 6.77E+02-21.47 6.30E+02 2.48E+02 0.045 6.46E-05 13:09:46 45.08 7.04E+02-17.43 6.72E+02 2.11E+02 0.045 6.24E-05 13:09:47 32.78 7.25E+02-14.36 7.03E+02 1.80E+02 0.045 6.09E-05 13:09:48 23.83 7.42E+02-11.05 7.28E+02 1.42E+02 0.045 5.97E-05 13:09:49 17.33 7.60E+02-10.51 7.48E+02 1.39E+02 0.045 5.84E-05 13:09:50 12.6 7.55E+02-9.94 7.44E+02 1.30E+02 0.045 5.87E-05 13:09:52 9.161 7.85E+02-9.62 7.74E+02 1.31E+02 0.045 5.65E-05 13:09:53 6.661 7.99E+02-9.92 7.87E+02 1.38E+02 0.046 5.56E-05 13:09:54 4.843 8.15E+02-10.11 8.03E+02 1.43E+02 0.046 5.45E-05 13:09:56 3.521 8.39E+02-11.22 8.23E+02 1.63E+02 0.044 5.09E-05 13:09:58 2.56 8.67E+02-12.64 8.46E+02 1.90E+02 0.044 4.94E-05 13:09:59 1.862 8.95E+02-13.8 8.69E+02 2.13E+02 0.044 4.75E-05 13:10:01 1.354 9.54E+02-15.92 9.17E+02 2.62E+02 0.044 4.49E-05 13:10:03 0.984 9.95E+02-17.77 9.48E+02 3.04E+02 0.043 4.20E-05 13:10:11 0.52 1.15E+03-21.5 1.07E+03 4.21E+02 0.042 3.62E-05 13:10:19 0.275 1.30E+03-24.67 1.18E+03 5.43E+02 0.038 2.87E-05
V 0.050V LIM OFF RANGE AUTO OPEN OFF SHORT OFF DELAY 1.00s AVE OFF SPEED NORMAL Cole-Cole Plot 1.40E+03 1.20E+03 1.00E+03 X(ƒ ) 8.00E+02 6.00E+02 4.00E+02 2.00E+02 0.00E+00 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 Rs(ƒ )