ΚΑΛΟΚΑΙΡΙΝΟ ΣΧΟΛΕΙΟ ΕΚΕΦΕ 2005 ΕΝΟΤΗΤΑ: ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΑ ΘΕΜΑ: Νέες Τεχνικές Χρονολόγησης και Αρχαιοµεταλλουργία στην Πολιτιστική Κληρονοµιά (14/7/2005) ΕΙΣΗΓΗΤΗΣ: ΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ΜΠΑΣΙΑΚΟΣ, Οµάδα Μελέτης Αρχαίων Μετάλλων & Παλαιοπεριβάλλοντος, Εργ. Αρχαιοµετρίας, Ινστ. Επιστ. Υλικών (ΙΕΥ) Αντικείµενα: Απόλυτες Χρονολογήσεις (αρχές) & παλαιοπεριβαλλοντικές συσχετίσεις Συντονισµός Στροφορµής Ηλεκτρονίων (ESR ή EPR) Τεχνικές φωταύγειας (TL, OSL, IRSL κλπ) Σπηλαιοπεριβάλλοντα, απολιθωµένες ακτογραµµές Χηµικά & κλαστικά ιζήµατα για χρονολόγηση Κελύφη, ροόλιθοι, αιολιανίτες, δέλτα, παλαιοεδάφη Ανασύνθεση αρχαίου τοπίου & κλίµατος Αρχαία µεταλλευτική τεχνολογία Στοές, εργαλεία εξόρυξης Αρχαιοµεταλλουργικά κατάλοιπα Εστίες, κάµινοι & προσαρτήµατα Μεταλλουργικές σκωρίες Πλυντήρια µεταλ/τος, λιθάργυροι χωνευτήρια, µήτρες πειραµατική προσοµοίωση παραγωγής αρχαίων µετάλλων
Geoarchaeological study & Applications 1) Sea-land interaction in the Holocene OSL fluvial/maritime & aeolian sediments dating 2) Upper Quaternary bones & shells studies Fossilisation progress assessment and ESR-dating 3) Speleo-environments & cave formations Karst evolution study, clastic and chemical sediments dating (OSL & ESR), paleoseismic implications 4) Ancient landscape and climatic reconstruction Mapping, sea-level & water-table oscillation, paleosoil & pollen analysis, paleoenvironmental evolution assessment. 16 O/ 18 O paleotemperature measurements on microfossils (planned) Beach-rock sampling & LUM dating (Attica) ESR-dated speleothem layers (Macedonia) Backhoe trenching (6m) Dark coring of soils (12m) Dose-rate measuring Micromorphology testing
Prehistoric metallic finds, smelting sites and ores..
Scientific study of ancient metals production, technology & provenance in prehistoric Aegean -Ancient mines & ore sources study copper, gold, silver, lead, iron (prospection and mining technology) -Smelting remains ores, fluxes, slag, furnaces, mattes (mass balance, smelting techniques and metal extraction) -Metalworking remains crucibles, moulds, casting waste (smelting, alloying, purification, casting, recycling) -Metal artefacts chemical composition, microstructure, transportation of objects in the prehistoric Eastern Mediterranean Research &Application of LF/LI Plasma techniques for metals restoration Copper slag from EBA Thassos LBA bronze chisel, Thera Fine structure of a neolithic silver pin
SEM/EDX surfce analyses concave, thermally affected internal eternal bottom base Neolitic (first half of the 5th millennium B.C.) settlement/smelting site at Promachon, Macedonia: clay crucible (#3107) used for non-slagging copper production from high-purity malachite grains ( Cu [(OH) /CO 2 2 ] 2 ) Na 0.2 0.1 Mg 2.3 1.9 Al 19.8 18.3 Si 53.4 55.6 P 2.0 1.6 S 0.1 0.1 Cl <0.1 <0.1 K 6.1 6.5 Ca 3.8 4.5 Ti 1.2 1.6 Mn 0.3 n.d. Cr n.d. 0.1 Fe 10.3 9.6 Cu 0.5 n.d. n.d.: not determined
Aspra Kellia prehistoric mining site at NW Kythnos Island, Cyclades: a large (50m long, 5m high and 2.5 m thick) standing quartzitic lens, whose western metalliferous surface is almost vertical. Near this surface, facing a nearby (ca. 300m) EBA smelting site there is a 15-25 cm thick bed of debris consisting of angular pieces of quartzite. Many of them bear thin layers of malachite or azurite (0.5-1 mm thick) strongly embedded in one of their surfaces.. They are almost certainly the remains of thicker copper minerals,, extracted during a stage of ore beneficiation. Already three similar sites have been located in the same area. All available data strongly indicate that they correspond to intensively ively and exhaustively mined open-air copper mines.
Experimental reconstruction of prehistoric coppersmelting process (an Aegean perforated furnace) Chrysokamino, E. Crete 1400 1200 1000 T (oc) 800 600 400 200 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 t (min) Temperature profile of process Tapping of liquid slag
Research Project: Ancient Metals & Geoarchaeology Studies at the Lab. of Archaeomertry, Institute of Materials Science (IMS) The Staff : Dr. Yannis Bassiakos, Geologist, ESR-dating specialist Dr. Nick Zacharias, Chemical Engineer, TL/OSL-dating specialist Dr. Irene Kotzamanidi, Physisist & Conservator, Plasma techniques s specialist Ph. D. Research Students in the Ancient Metals Module: M. Georgakopoulou, Chemist, IMS & UCL/U.K. M. Catapotis*, Engineer Metallurgist, IMS & Univ. of Sheffield/U.K. T. Tselios, Archaeologist, IMS & Univ. of Crete & Univ. of Lud/Sweden A. Tzianni, Archaeologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens C. Tselios, Archaeologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens E. Maragoudaki, Archaeologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens Ph. D. Research Students in the Paleoenvironment Module: E. Stathopoulou, Geologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens Y. Margaritis, Geologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens K. Theodorakopoulou, Archaeologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens M. Mexi, Archaeologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens C. Athanassas, Geologist, IMS & Univ. of Athens *Ph.D. Degree holder since Febr. 2005