2013,46(21):4612-4619 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.21.025 ( 1 / 271018 2 266400 3 201206) μ A New Method for Analysis of Phenolic Acids in the Soil Soil from Replanted Apple Orchards was Investigated YIN Cheng-miao 1, WANG Gong-shuai 1, LI Yuan-yuan 2, CHE Jin-shui 3, SHEN Xiang 1, CHEN Xue-sen 1, MAO Zhi-quan 1, WU Shu-jing 1 ( 1 College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Loratory of Crop Biology Taian 271018, Shandong; 2 Qingdao Bright Moon Bluesea Bio-Tech Co, LTD, Qingdao 266400, Shandong; 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai 201206) Abstract: Objective To estlish a new protocol based on the ASE-HPLC method, which could determine the content of phenolic acids in orchard soil rapidly and efficiently. Method Phlorizin was set as an sample for analysis, which is one of the characteristic phenolic acids in apple orchard soil. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assess it. Specifically, the parameters of extraction solvent, extraction temperature, pressure and number of cycles were optimized, aiming at exploring the optimal conditions of ASE extraction for phenolic acids. Result The optimal conditions of ASE extraction for phenolic acids were as follows: Ethanol as extraction solvent initially, and methanol was the subsequent extraction solvent extraction temperature at 120, a pressure of 10.3 MPa, 2 cycles, every 5 min static time, 60% purge volume, and purge time for 90 s. Conclusion The process was more simple, and with good reproducibility and linearity, correlation coefficient up to 0.99, recovery efficiency between 83% and 98%, detection limit to the amount of 1.3 10-4 -2.5 10-2 μg ml -1. ASE-HPLC is an accurate and rapid new protocol to mensurate phenolic acids, which is an improved and practical method. Key words: replanted apple orchards; phenolic acids; accelerated solvent extraction; performance liquid chromatography 2013-05-312013-08-13 CARS-28IRT1155 E-mail yinchengmiao@163.com Tel 0538-8241984 E-mail mzhiquan@sdau.edu.cn
21 4613 [1] [2-3] [4] [5] [6] [3] 80% [7-9] [10-12] NaOH [13] [3] Hartley and Buchan [13] 1 mol L -1 NaOH 15 h ph HPLC [3] 100 g 200 ml 0.45 μm 34 1 ml 0.22 μm HPLC Haghi [14] HPLC 4 Podsedek [15] [16] [17-18] [19-20] ph HPLC ASE-HPLC ASE350 12 100 ml Dionex Ultimate 3000 Dionex DGP-3600 WPS-3000TSL TCC-3000 DAD-3000 UV Milli-Q 18.2 MΩ cm 0.45 μm Sigma 2012 4 0 30 cm kg 12
4614 46 11.39 mg kg -1 2.32 mg kg -1 70.0 mg kg -1 25.4 mg kg -1 5.1 g kg -1 12 100 g 100 ml 1 ASE 120 10.3 MPa 5 min 2 60% 90 s 34 1 ml 0.22 μm HPLC [3] 12 100 g 250 ml 200 ml 34 1 ml 0.22 μm HPLC Acclaim 120 C18 3 μm 150 mm 3 mm 30 Dionex A B ph 2.6 0.5 ml min -1 5 L 280 nm Microsoft Excel 2003 SPSS 19.0 4 1 4 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 2 120 120 120 Extraction amount of Phlorizin (mg kg -1 ) Duncan s 0.05 Duncan's new multiple range test, Values followed by different letters in a figure are significant at the 5% level. The same as follows Fig. 1 Effect of different extraction solvents to extract phlorizin 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 e d c a 40 60 80 100 120 130 140 150 160 Extraction temperature ( ) Fig. 2 Comparison of extraction of different extraction temperatures
21 4615 5 min 4 4 HPLC 3 1 96.2% 2 3.7% 1 94.8% 2 5.0% 4 99.9% 95.5% 2 ph ph2.6 30 0.5 ml min -1 5 μl A B 0 35 min 5% 35% 35 40 min 35% 40 42 min 35% Extraction amount of Phlorizin (mg kg -1 ) Fig. 3 Comparison of extraction rate of different extraction cycles 5% 10 min 10 mg 10 ml 10 ml 30 μg ml -1 0.3 1.5 3.0 6.0 9.0 μg ml -1 HPLC S/N=3 4 1 mau 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 1. Gallic acid; 2. P-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3. Catechin; 4. Caffeic acid; 5. Syringic acid; 6. Vanillic aldehyde; 7. Ferulic acid; 8. Phloroglucinol; 9. Benzoic acid; 10. Salicylic acid; 11. Phlorizin; 12. Quercetin; 13. Cinnamic acid; 14. Phloretin Fig. 4 The phenolic standard measurement spectrum of 14 kinds of phenolic acids
4616 46 Tle 1 Retention time, linear equation, correlation coefficient and detection limit R 2 Number Phenolic Compound Retention time (min) Linear equation Correlation coefficient Detection limit (μg ml -1 ) 1 Gallic acid 2.95 y=2.652x+2.0981 0.9999 0.0061 2 P-hydroxybenzoic acid 10.38 y=1.1476x+0.4557 0.9963 0.0153 3 Catechin 11.63 y=0.5233x+0.3277 0.9981 0.0254 4 Caffeic acid 13.28 y=6.4564x+1.8327 0.9991 0.0027 5 Syringic acid 14.03 y=14.453x+0.1651 0.9999 0.0013 6 Vanillic aldehyde 15.97 y=8.9167x-0.4102 0.9999 0.0020 7 Ferulic acid 18.19 y=3.1315x+0.3994 0.9976 0.0054 8 Phloroglucinol 19.13 y=0.5513x-0.0432 0.9973 0.0215 9 Benzoic acid 20.23 y=0.2194x-0.0068 0.9979 0.0413 10 Salicylic acid 20.94 y=0.2223x+0.0017 0.9998 0.0463 11 Phlorizin 21.95 y=3.3742x+0.0382 0.9987 0.0055 12 Quercetin 25.20 y=0.5518x-0.0412 0.9974 0.0223 13 Cinnamic acid 26.13 y=6.4602x+1.7775 0.9993 0.0028 14 Phloretin 27.94 y=4.4998x-0.3590 0.9996 0.0040 2 B 3 1.00 mg Tle 2 Determination results of apple replanted orchard soil and recovery test Number Phenolic compound A Count B Count Recovery % RSD (mg kg -1 ) (mg kg -1 ) 0.25 mg kg -1 0.50 mg kg -1 1.00 mg kg -1 (% n=5) 1 Gallic acid 0.005g ND 85.8 88.7 91.2 3.05 2 P-hydroxybenzoic acid 0.066f ND 88.5 87.0 93.2 3.61 3 Catechin 0.047fg 0.021b 87.9 90.6 89.9 1.57 4 Caffeic acid 0.068f ND 83.2 86.7 89.1 3.44 5 Syringic acid 0.041fg ND 88.9 90.1 92.5 2.03 6 Vanillic aldehyde 2.208a 0.031a 89.9 93.6 98.8 4.75 7 Ferulic acid 0.065f ND 83.2 87.9 92.8 5.46 8 Phloroglucinol 0.055fg ND 82.5 86.8 89.3 3.99 9 Benzoic acid 0.036fg 0.015c 88.7 90.2 96.7 4.63 10 Salicylic acid 1.859b ND 89.5 92.1 97.5 4.39 11 Phlorizin 0.212e ND 89.2 90.2 96.8 4.49 12 Quercetin ND ND 83.1 93.2 92.8 3.10 13 Cinnamic acid 0.273d ND 88.7 89.9 92.3 2.03 14 Phloretin 0.489c ND 84.6 88.7 94.2 5.40 ND A B ND: not detected, A: ASE extraction method, B: Organic solvent extraction method
21 4617 2 A 0.25 0.50 1.00 mg kg -1 14 83% 98% 5 RSD 1.57 5.46 Hartley Buchan [13] 1 mol L -1 NaOH ph HPLC [21] NaOH [21] [3] 12 h 200 ml 25 min ASE-HPLC [22-25] [26-28] HPLC ph [29] 12 HPLC Hilt [30] HPLC MS NMR Schieber [31] 60 min [3] 42 min 10 HPLC [3] ph ph 2.6 14 HPLC 120 10.3 MPa 2 5 min 60% 90 s HPLC ph 2.6 30 0.5 ml min -1 5 μl A B 0 35 min 5% 35% 35 40 min 35% 40 42 min 35% 5% 10 min 83% 98%
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