Design and Fabrication of Water Heater with Electromagnetic Induction Heating

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U Kamphaengsean Acad. J. Vol. 7, No. 2, 2009, Pages 48-60 ก 7 2 2552 ก ก กก ก Design and Fabrication of Water Heater with Electromagnetic Induction Heating 1* Geerapong Srivichai 1* ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to design and fabricate water heater with electromagnetic induction heating by half-bridge series resonant circuit inverter. The load was an induction coil, which was wound under the vessel of 16 cm diameter of containing 1 l water with shielded lid. The testing on the performance of the fabricated prototype, which was controlled by adjusting resonant frequency from 20 to 40 khz and the output power from 2 to 0.5 kw found that it could boil one liter of water within 3.5 minutes. Meanwhile, the boiling time became approximately twice for the normal electric water heater. The overall efficiencies of the half-bridge inverter and the induction water heater are approximately 95 % and 85 %, respectively, which is very promising for further research. Key words: Induction coil, Half-bridge inverter ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 16 ก 1 ก ก ก ก 20 40 khz ก 2 0.5 kw 1 3.5 กก ก 95% 85% ก : ก 1* ก 38 8... 76000 Tel. 032-405560 Fax. 032-414455 Email : Hgeerapongs@gmail.comH, Hgeerapong@hotmail.comH Department of Electrical Technology. Faculty of Industrial Technology, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University. Phetchaburi 76000,Thailand. * Corresponding author: Tel.0-3240-5560, Fax.0-3241-4455, E-mail address: geerapong@gmail.com

ก 7 2 2552 49 ก ก ก ก 2549 ก ก 1,548 1.8 ก 2548 ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 55.5 ก ( ก, 2549) ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (heating coil) ก กก ก ก ก ก ก (2551) ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก IGBT (Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor) ก ก ก 650 25 31 khz ก 0.5 ก 100 O C 8 Tanaka (1989) ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก (induction heating) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก 1. ก ก ก ก ก (induction heating) ก ก ก ก ก ก (electromagnetic induction) ก ก (skin effect) ก

(Heat Transfer) ก ก (Davies and Simpson,1979) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (skin depth) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Figure 1) ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก กก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก 7 2 2552 50 ก ก ก (Figure 2) ก 1 ก (rectifier circuit) ก ก ก ก 220 Vac 50Hz ก 310V dc ก ก module KBPC50A10 M ก 1,000 ก 50 ก (Figure 3) 2 (DC link) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4,700 µ F 450 Vdc ก ก (Figure 4) 3 (inverter) ก ก (DC) ก (AC) ก ก ก ก (Figure 5) Figure 5 S1 S2 ก ก ก ก ( s2 V ) ก + Vd ก 0 ก ( i L ) ก ก ก

ก ก (dead time) ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก IGBT module MG50Q2YS40 N channel ก 1,200 ก 50 2 5 o C ก ก ก 20 40 khz 4 ก (pulse generator) ก IGBT ก 2 ก TL494 20 40 khz (duty cycle) (Figure 6) 5 ก (gate drive circuit) ก ก ก TL494 12 ก IGBT ก กก ก ก ก TLP 250 ก ก ก (Figure 7) 6 ก ก 30 SWG 24 ก ก 38 ก ( L ) 11 mh ก ( L ) ( C ) ก (, 2539) ก (3) Z = R + X = R + ( X X ) (3) 2 2 2 2 T L C ก 7 2 2552 51 Z ( : Ω ) R ( : Ω ) X L ก ( : Ω ) X C ( : Ω ) X ( : Ω ) T ก ก ( Z ) ก R Z = R ZT = X L X C = X L = X C 0 1 2π fr L= 2π f C ก f r 1 = (4) 2π LC f r ( : Hz ) L ก ( : H ) C ( : µ F ) L= 11 C 0.5µ F r mh = ก (4) r 21.5 khz. f = ก ก 1 ก 0.5 ก (Figure 8) 1. ก 1.1 ก (pulse generator) TL494 ก ก ก 8 (CH1) 11 (CH2) isolated channel TDS 2024 (Figure 9)

1.2 ก isolated channel TDS 2024 ก 6 TLP 250 2 (CH1 CH2) (Figure 10) 1.3 ก ก isolated channel TDS 2024 ( V Load ) ก ( I Load ) ก ก ก ก ก (, 2544.) PLoad = VLoad I Load cosθ (5) R eq VLoad = cosθ (6) I Load ก PDC = VDC I DC (7) PLoad η e = 100% (8) P DC 2. ก 2.1 ก ก ก ก 20 1 ก 0.5 ก 20 40kHz ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก (9) (, 2544.) P Q t heat o = = mc T t (9) ก 7 2 2552 52 P o ก ( kw ) Q heat ก ( kj ) t ก ( s ) m ( kg ) c ( kj / kg ) T ก ( o C ) Po η system = 100% (10) P DC 2.2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1.5 kw ก 1. ก ก ก Figure 11 ก ก ก ก 160 39 ก ก cosθ 0.29 ( θ = 73 o ) ก ก ก (5) ก 1,832 W ก ก 311 ก 6.2 ก ก (7) ก 1,928 W η e ก ก (8) ก 95 %

2. ก 2.1 ก ก (Figure 12) 20 khz ก ก 3 30 khz 8 40 khz ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Figure 13) ก 3 ก 2 kw ก ก ก 0.5 kw ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก 26 o C 3.5 ก (9) 4.18 kj / kg ก ก 1,630 W ก ก 1,928 W ก 85 % 2.2 ก ก กก ก ก (Figure 14) ก 7 2 2552 53 ก 1 ก ก 5 ก 10 ก ก ก X c X L กก ก 20 40 khz ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (2544) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Skin-effect) ก ก ก ก ก ก

ก 7 2 2552 54 Figure 1 Induction heating fundamentals : Davies and Simpson, (1979) Figure 2 Block diagram of water heater with electromagnetic induction heating Figure 3 Rectifier circuit

ก 7 2 2552 55 Figure 4 DC link circuit Figure 5 Half-bridge series resonant circuit inverter Figure 6 Pulse generator circuit of IC TL 494

ก 7 2 2552 56 Figure 7 Gate drive circuit Figure 8 The prototype of water heater with electromagnetic induction heating Figure 9 Output voltage waveforms of TL 494

ก 7 2 2552 57 Figure 10 Output voltage waveforms of TLP 250 Figure 11 The waveforms voltage ( V Load ), current ( I Load ) at the induction coil \

ก 7 2 2552 58 Figure 12 Change of water temperature with time at different frequency Figure 13 Change of water temperature with time at different power input

ก 7 2 2552 59 Figure 14 Comparison of temperature change with time between the water heater with electromagnetic induction heating and the water heater with normal heating coil ก ก ก ก ก ก กก (Eddy Current) ก 20 khz ก 3.5 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก V DC / 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก V DC ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

ก 2552 ก ก ก. 2544. ก. ก ก ก ก.2549. ก 2549 2550. ก ก ก, ก. 2544. ก ก ก ก ก,. 470. ก ก ก 24, 22-23 ก 2544. ก ก.,, ก,. 2551. ก.. 851-852. ก ก ก 1, 27-29 2551.. ก 7 2 2552 60 ก. 2539. 3.. Tanaka T. 1989. A new induction cooking range for heating and kind of metal vessels. In IEEE Transactions on Consummer Electronics, Vol.35, No.3. p. 636. Davies, J. and Simpson, P.1979. Induction Heating Handbook. McGraw-Hill. Great Britain, pp. 1-377. Received 2 April 2009 Accepted 31 July 2009