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7/ Nz<gaiz<. nz<geiz< Nz<cjaM. nz<goez< gqm<omie<. nz<goeie< giihig<sqtqg<. nz<geibqg<nlqzl< nlqzl< 8/ olk<kqz<. 95%wk<keiz< +5%olk<keiz< Nz<gaiz<gzf<k sivibl< wiqsivibl<. 95.5%wk<keiz< + 4.5 fqi Nx<xz<Nz<gaiz<. ohm<oviz< + wk<keiz< -bz<hke<jl. wk<keiz< +hqiqce< -pf<knz<gaiz< ohikh<ohbi; IUPAC 9/ olk<kqz<nz<gaiz<. olk<keiz< hiiliz<cjam. olk<koez< nsqm<omie<. Hvh<OhOeie< hiilqg<nlqzl<. olk<keibqg<nlqzl< :/ 0Hz<ziqe<. giz<hf<k gqvi0jhm<. lqvkuiek juvl<. gceliek uqeqgi. Htq<h<HSju dxkqh<hm<k<kkz<giv{l<; 2/ dxkqh<hmk<kkz< giv{l< giqls<osilr<gtqz<dt<t hqj{h<hgt<sgh<hqj{h<h ke<jldjmbju sgh<hqj{h<hiek n[uqzt<twzg<m<vie<gt< hr<gqmh<hmukiz< d{<migqxk/ ogimg<gh<hm<mt<tsikel<dxkqh<hmk<kukx<gh<ohikliekigdt<tki@ uqjm; giihe< n[uqz< fie<g -j{kqxe< wzg<m<vie<gt< dt<te/ Neiz< C 4+ nz<zkc 4- nbeqgtiglixukgcel</weoufie<g-j{kqxe<wzg<m<vie<gt< &zl<giihe<lx<xn[g<gtme<hr<gqm<ce<&zl<sgh<hqj{h<jhdvuig<ggqxk/ NgOu?ogiMg<gh<hm<Mt<tgiv{l<dXkqh<hMk<Kukx<Gh<OhiKliekigdt<tK/ 29

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3/ juvl< giihejmb Hx Oux<Xjl ucur<gtt< ye<xigl</ nke< gcek<ke<jlg<giegiv{k<jkkvg/ juvk<kqzt<tyu<ouivgiihe<n[ul<lx<xfie<ggiihe<n[g<gtme< hqj{hx<x?gcelielh<hiqli{njlh<jhdvuig<ggqxk/ 4/ DXgib< hkh<hmk<kzg<gh< hbe<hml< )A* ) we<x giqls< OsIlk<kqe< &zg<%x uib<h<himc 2 H 4 O2-s<OsIll<wk<keiZme<uqjeHiqf<K-eqbl{LjmbOsIll< )A*jbkVgqxK/ *jbkvgqxk/ 2/OsIll<(A)lx<XL<)B*jbg{<Mhqc/ 3/-l<Ljxbqe<ohbovPkqnke<keqsle<him<jmwPKg/ uqjm; 2/ )A*nsqm<cg<nlqzl<C 3 H 3 COOH (B) wk<kqz<nsqm<omm<ch 3 COOC 2 H 5 2.-u<uqjebqe<ohbi<.w^<mvig<Gkz<uqje CH 3 COOH + HOC 2 H 5 -----------------> CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 + H 2 O )A* )B* nsqcg<nlqzl< wk<kqz<nsqomm< 2/ C 3 H 6 O6 we<x &zg<%x uib<h<himjmb (A) we<x giqls<osill< givl< gzf<k KMnO4 Le<eqjzbqz< Ng<sq\Oex<xljmf<K nok giihe< w{<{qg<jgbt<t (B) we<x nlqzk<jk kvgqxk/ OsIll< (A) biek lvk<kuljebqz< gibr<gjtg< G{h<hMk<k hbe<hmgqxk OsIll< (A),(B) jb g{<mhqc/ (A)jb (B)big lix<xl< Oukqs<sle<him<jmkVg/ )A)wk<keiz<CH 3 CH 2 OH (B)nsqm<cg<nlqzl<CH 3 COOH CH 3 CH 2 OH givl< KMnO 4 CH 3 COOH (wk<keiz<* (O) (nsqm<cg<nlqzl;) Jf<Klkqh<oh{<uqeig<gt<; 2/ ogimg<gh<hm<mnm<muj{bqzt<togicm<m-mr<gjtkgf<k&zg<%x uib<him<cz<fqvh<hhl</ u/w{< uqjm; nz<oge< nz<gqe< nz<jge< 2 C2H6=k<Oke< (A) / =k<kqe< C2H2=k<jke< 3 (B) / Hovih<Ohe< C3H6 Hovih<hQe< (C) / Hovih<jhe< 4 C4H10hqB,m<Ome< C4H6 hqb,m<ce< (B) / hqb,m<jme< A : C 2 H 4 B: C 3 H 6 C: C 3 H 4 D: C 4 H 6 31

3. hqe<uvueux<xqe<ohikh<ohbilx<xl<iupacohbigjtwpkg/ OH a) CH 3 CH 2 CHO b) CH 3 COOH 3 c) CH 3 -CH-CH 3 d)ch 3 COOH e) HCHO u/w{< OsIll< ohikh<ohbi IUPACohbI ohbi 2 CH 3 CH 2 CHO Hovih<heiz<cjaM Hovih<hOez< 3 CH 3 COCH 3 nsqm<omie< Hovih<hOeie< 4 CH 3 -CH-CH 3 JOsiHOvih<jhz< Nz<gaiz< 3.Hovih<heiz< 5 CH 3 COOH nsqm<cg<nlqzl< wk<keibqg<nlqzl< 6 HCHO hiiliz<cjam olk<koez< uqiquieuqjmbtq)6marks* 2/ uqjes<osbz<okigkqwe<xiz<we<e@nke<ujggjtuquiq/ yv Osi<lk<kqe< sqxh<h h{<hgtg<g giv{lie Yi< n[ nz<zk n[g<gt< nmr<gqbokigkqg<guqjes<osbz<okigkqwe<xohbi</ ujggt<; 2/ Nz<gaiz< -OH 3/ Ni<cjaM.CHO 4/ gqm<omie< C = O 5/ gii<hig<sqzq<g<nlqzl<.cooh 2/Nz<gaiz< Nz<gaiz< -OH okigkqjb uqjes< osbz< okigkqbig ohx<xt<t gii<he< Osi<lr<gt< Nz<gaiz<weh<hMl</ ohikuib<h<him;r-oh Nz<gaiz<nz<geiz<wenjpg<gh<hMgqxK/ 3/ Nz<cjaM Nz<cjaMwe<hK CHOokiGkqjbogi{<mgii<he<Osi<lr<gtiGl</ ohikuib<h<him;r-cho Nz<cjgMnz<gOez<weUl<njpg<gh<hMgqxK/ 4/ gqm<omie< gii<hjez< okigkq (-CO) okigkqbiek -v{<m Nz<jgz< okigkqgtme< -j{g<gh<hm<mgii<he<osi<lr<gt<ngl</ ohikuib<h<him;r-co-r gqm<omieqe<ouxohbi<nz<goeie</ 32

5/ gii<hig<sqzqg<nlqzl< -COOH okigkqbiek jam<v\e< n[umoei nz<zk Nz<jgz< okigkqbmoei-j{g<gh<hm<cvg<gl</ ohikuib<h<him;r COOH gii<hig<sqzqg<nlqzk<kqe<ouxohbi<nz<geibqg<nlqzl</ 3/ gpquh<higqzqvf<kwk<keiz<wu<uixkbiiqh<hib<@ <uixkbiiqh<hib<@ ofikqk<kz<ljxbqz<gpquh<higqzqvf<kwk<keiz<kbiiqg<gh<hmgqxk/ ofikqk<kz<; ofikqgt<&zligyvgiqls<osi<lk<kqz<olkuigoukquqjefqgp<f<ksqxqb &zg<%xgt<dvuiguokofikqk<kz<weh<hml</ gpqug<higqz<30%sg<ovi^<dt<tk/ fqi<k<kz<; gpquh< higqzt<t si<g<gjvbqe< osxqu 8% - 10% GjxBl< ujv fqiqeiz< fqi<g<gh<hmgqxk/ nl<olieqbl<dh<hosi<k<kz<; =^<m<cx<g Okjubie jfm<v\e< d{uqx<gig nl<olieqbl< sz<ohm< nz<zk nl<olieqb<hi^<ohm<osi<g<gh<hmgqxk/ =^<m<osi<k<kz<; Olx<g{<m gjvsz< =^<m< Osi<g<gh<hm<M? 414k ouh<hfqjzbqz< sqz fim<gtg<g ofikqk<kz<okim<cbqz<jug<gh<hmgqxk/ =^<m<cz< dt<t -e<ui<om^< Sg<Ovij^ GTg<Ogi^< lx<xl< h<vg<omi^ig lix<xgqxk/ -e<ui<om^< C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O --------------------> C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 0 H 12 O 6 Sg<Ovi^< GTg<Ogi^<h<vg<Omi^< jsol^<ofikqgtg<ogi^<)n*h<vg<omij^wk<keiziglix<xgqxk/ jsol^< C 6 H 12 O 6 --------------------> 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2Co 2 wk<keiz< gpqufqi<lk<jkgib<s<squcuk<kz<; ofikqk<k fqi<ll< )26 up 29& Nz<gaiz<* hqe<eg< gib<s<sq uck<kzg<g dm<hmk<kh<hmgqxk/ Wk<keizqe< fqi< gjvsz< :6/6& wk<keizl< 5/6& fqi< dt<tk/ -K wiq sivibl<weh<hml</ 33

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