ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES TECHNICAL DATA AND GENERAL INFORMATION CONTENTS PAGE WIRE GAUGE 2

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1 ELECTRIC WIRES AND CABLES TECHNICAL DATA AND GENERAL INFORMATION CONTENTS PAGE WIRE GAUGE 2 CONTINUOUS CURRENT RATING FOR EACH CONDITION OF WIRES AND CABLES TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE AC/DC RESISTANCE RATIOS 8 PROPERTIES OF INSULATION AND JACKET MATERIALS 9 Resistance to industrial chemical General comparision data Thermal properties Electrical properties Longtime heat aging curves SYMBOLS OF ELECTRICAL UNITS ELECTRICAL FORMULAS STANDARD COEFFICIENT OF CONVERSION CONDUCTIVITY AND DENSITY OF METALS THE COPPER CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE AT 20 C FOR TIS the num er of ires in the conductors of the ca le for ed iring the diameter of ires in the conductors of the e i le ca les and cords TABLE OF DIMENSIONS FOR MOTOR STARTERS 20

2 2 WIRE GAUGES 5/0 /0 3/0 2/ Gauge Diameter Sectional Area Weight /0 3/0 2/ /0 /0 5/0 /0 3/0 2/ , ,2 2,29 2,00 20,00 8,2 80,00,2 0,000 5,000,00 38,38 33,09,528 2,0,00 05, 0,9 99,2 90,000 83,9 80,0, 5,955,080,8 5,85 3, 5,0 55,90 53,82 52,2 8,00,82,9,38,20 38,0 3,8 33,088 32,00 3,00 30,9 2,220 2, kg/km Mil mm. B.W.G. A.W.G. S.W.G. mm.g Ib/,000 ft Cir. Mil In 2 mm 2

3 Gauge Diameter Sectional Area Weight ,00 2,80 2,900 20,822 20,3 8,989,90,52,38,8,00 3,5 3,08 3,02,880 0,8 0,8 0,38 9,0 8, 8,23 8,99,889,530,00,200 5,8 5,8 5,023,2,0,09 3,98 3,3 3, 3,3 3,038 2,583 2,0 2,30 2,232 2,08,,2, kg/km Mil mm. B.W.G. A.W.G. S.W.G. mm.g Ib/,000 ft Cir. Mil In 2 mm 2

4 Gauge Diameter Sectional Area Weight ,5,29,288,5,2,02, kg/km Mil mm. B.W.G. A.W.G. S.W.G. mm.g Ib/,000 ft Cir. Mil In 2 mm 2

5 Gauge Diameter Sectional Area Weight NOTE : B.W.G. Birmingham Iron Wire Gauge A.W.G. American Wire Gauge S.W.G. British Standard Wire Gauge mm.g. Milimeter Gauge kg/km Mil mm. B.W.G. A.W.G. S.W.G. mm.g Ib/,000 ft Cir. Mil In 2 mm 2

6 Continuous Current Rating for Each Condition of Wires & Cables

7 Temperature Correction Factors For Conductor Resistance Factors for correcting resistances at various temperatures of conductor to the standard reference temperature of 20 C and reciprocals of the factors for calculating resistances at other temperatures from the value at 20 C Temperature C Correction Factor Copper Aluminum Reciprocal of Factor Copper Aluminum The correction factor is given by : k = k = + (θ 20) where : k = temperature correction factor of conductor k = reciprocal of k = constant mass temperature coefficient at 20 C per deg C for copper (based on 00% conductivity) for aluminum (based on % conductivity) θ = referred temperture, C

8 AC/DC Resistance ratios The AC/DC resistance ratio of the conductor is given by the following formula. k 2 = + λ s + λ p where : k 2 λ s λ p = AC/DC resistance ratio of conductor = skin effect factor = proximity effect factor The skin effect factor is given by : λ s = X X where : 8πƒ X = R 0 k x 0 f = supply frequency, Hz R 0 k = DC resistance of conductor at 20 C, Ω/km = reciprocal factor of temperature correction factor The proximity effect factor is given by ; λp = where : X = 0.8 X d S X ( d { 0.32 d ) 2 ( ) X S S +.8 X } X = diameter of conductor, mm = distance between conductor axes, mm 8

9 Properties Of Insulation And Jacket Materials Resistance To Industrial Chemicals 9

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12 Properties of Insulation And Jacket Materials Thermal Properties Deflection temperature of plastics under load [ASTM D8] Polyvinyl Chloride (Hard Type) Low Density Polyethylene High Density Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyamide Polytetrafluoroethylene Temperature degrees C Operating Temperature Max. point : Max. Continuous Operating Temperature [ Min. point : Brittleness Temperature ] Polyvinyl chloride, 80 C Grade Polyvinyl chloride, 5 C Grade Polyvinyl chloride, 0 C Grade Cold Resisting Polyvinyle Chloride CrossLinked Polyethylene Polyethylene Nylon Synthetic Natural Rubber Chloroprene StyreneButadiene Rubber EthylenePropylene Rubber Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene (Hypalon) Silicone Teflon Temperature degrees C 2

13 Properties of Insulation And Jacket Materials Electrical Properties Ω δ 3

14 Properties of Insulation And Jacket Materials LongTime Heat Aging Curves 0 % Retention Critical Tensile Strength Polyvinyl Chloride Crosslinked Polyethylene Butyl Rubber Heatresisting Polyvinyl Chloride Teflon Nylon 0 Natural Rubber Chloroprene Rubber Days in Air Oven 20 0 C 00 Teflon Crosslinked Polyethylene Nylon 80 % Retention Critical Elongation 0 0 Polyvinyl Chloride Butyl Rubber Chloroprene Rubber Natural Rubber Heatresisting Polyvinyl Chloride Days in Air Oven 20 0 C

15 Symbols Of Electrical Units Electrical Unit Symbol CURRENT VOLTAGE RESISTANCE ELECTRIC POWER ELECTRIC ENERGY HORSE POWER POWER FACTOR FREQUENCY CAPACITANCE APPARENT POWER DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT EFFICIENCY MAXIMUM VALUES AVERAGE VALUES EFFECTIVE VALUES INSTANTANEOUS VALUES (AMPERE) (VOLT) (OHM) (WATT) (WATT HOUR) (COS θ ) (HERTZ) (FARAD) (VOLTAMPERE) (VOLTAMPERE) (VOLTAMPERE) (VOLTAMPERE) (VOLTAMPERE) A V(kV) Ω(kΩ, MΩ) W (kw, MW.) Wh (kwh.) HP P.F. Hz F (μf, pf.) VA (kva) DC AC Eff. Em, Im Eav, lav E, I e, I Electrical Formulas. Electrical formulas for determining Ampere, Kilowatt, Kilovolt ampere and Horse Power Direct Current Single Phase Alternating Current Three Phase A = KW x 000 V A = KVA x 000 V A = HP x V x (%Eff.) A = KW x 000 V x P.F. A = KVA x 000 V A = HP x V x (%Eff.) x P.F. A = KW x x V x P.F. A = KVA x x V A = HP x.3 x V x (%Eff.) x P.F. KW = A x V 000 KW = A x V x P.F. 000 KW = A x V x.3 x P.F. 000 KVA = A x V 000 KVA = A x V 000 KVA = A x V x HP = A x V x (%Eff.) HP = A x V x (%Eff.) x P.F. HP = A x V x.3 (%Eff.) x P.F. APPROXIMATE MOTOR AMPERES PER TERMINAL : 220 V a c = amperes per H.P. 3 phase 220 V a c = 2.5 amperes per H.P. 3 phase 380 V a c =. amperes per H.P. 3 phase 0 V a c =. amperes per H.P. 3 phase 5 V a c = amperes per H.P.

16 Standard Coefficient Of Conversion Items. Length micron mil mm cm inch feet yard meter kilometer mile 2. AREA MCM CM mm 2 in 2 yd 2 m 2 km 2 mile 2 3. VOLUME cm 3 in 3 I gal. ft 3 yd 3 m 3. WEIGHT g. oz. lb. kg. ton (short) ton (long) ton (metric) 5. ENERGY B.t.u. watthr. hp.hr. kwhr.. POWER watt hp. kw.. TEMPERATURE Temp C Temp F Descriptions = 0.00 mm = 3.9 x 0 5 in. = 0.0 mm = 0.00 in. = 39.3 mils = in. = in. = ft. =. mm. = ft. = yd. = 2.5 cm. = m = yd. = 0.9 m = 9. cm. = 39.3 in = 3.28 ft. =.09 yd. = 3,28 ft. =,09 yd. = 0.23 mile = 5,280 ft. =,0 yd. =,09 m =.09 km. = 000 CM (Circullar Mil) = 0. mm 2 = /000 in 2 = mm 2 = in 2 = 0.85 sq. mil. = 93 CM = in 2 =,5 sq.mil. = 2320 CM = 5. mm 2 = ft 2 =,29 in 2 = m 2 =,5 in 2 = 0. ft 2 =.95 yd 2 = mile 2 = 2,880,000 ft. 2 = 3,098,000 yd. 2 = 2,590,000 m 2 = 2.59 km 2 = 0.0 in 3 =.39 cm 3 = gal. = ft. 3 =,000 cm 3 =.023 in 3 = 0.22 gal = 0.03 ft. 3 = 3,85 cm 3 = 23 in 3 = 0.33 ft. 3 = yd 3 = 28,3 cm 3 =,28 in 3 = l. =.8 gal =,5 in 3 = 0. m 3 =,023 in 3 =.3 ft. 3 =.308 yd. 3 =.3 gr. = 0.02 oz. = lb. = 3.5 gr. = 28. g. = 0.0 lb. =,000 gr. = 53. g. = oz. = 0.53 kg. =,32 gr. =.2 oz. = lb. = 2,000 lb. = 90.2 kg. = ton (long) = 2,20 lb. =.2 ton (short) =.0 ton (metric) = 2,20.2 lb. =,055 joules = 8. ft.lb = 2 gcal. = 0. kgm. = watthr. = 3,00 joules = 2,55. ftlb. = 80 gcal. = 3. kg.m. = 3.3 B.t.u. = hp.hr. = 2,8,000 joules=,980,000 ft.lb. = 23,00 kg.cm. = 5. watt.hr. = 2,55,000 ft.lb. = 3,00 kg.m. =.3 hp.hr. =.2 ft.lb./min =.9 kgm/min = hp. = 33,000 ft.lb./min = 5. watts = 5 ft.lb./sec. =.0 kgm/sec. =,. ftlb./min = 0.99 kgm/sec. =.3 hp. =,000 watts. = 5/9 (temp F32) = (9/5 x temp C) + 32

17 Conductivity And Density Of Metals Kind Symbol Conductivity (% iacs) Density (g/cm 3 ) SILVER Ag STANDARD COPPER Cu (ANNEALED) GOLD Au ALUMINIUM Al IRON Fe TIN Sn STEEL..8 Conductor Materials Material μ Ohms per cm.cube Specific resistance, 20 C μ Ohms per in.cube Ohmsper cir. milft. Temperature coefficient, 20 C Mass g per cu.cm. Annealed copper Harddrawn copper Annealed aluminium Harddrawn aluminium Pure iron Steel wire Cast iron

18 The Copper Conductor Resistance Nominal Direct Current Resistance, Ohms/,000 Meter At 20 C TABLE TIS 2252 The number of wires in the conductors of cables for fixed wiring. Nominal crosssectional area (mm 2 ) Number of wires in conductor Diameter of wires in conductor approx. (mm) Maximum resistance of conductor at 20 C (Ohms/km) Single core & Multi core

19 TABLE 2 The Diameter Of Wires in The conductors Of Flexible Cables And Cords Nominal crosssectional area (mm 2 ) Minimum number of wires in conductor Maximum diameter of wires in conductor (mm) Maximum resistance of conductor at 20 C (Ohms/km) Single core & Multi core

20 Table of Dimensions For Motor Starters The figures are based on normal 3 phase motors for a.c. at c.p.s. 00 r.p.m. Motor ratings in HP at service voltage HP 220 V 380 V 0 V Full load current A HP Full load current A HP Full load current A Rating of motor starter A Relay setting A Max. quickblow backup fuse A Min cross section of cables mm (0) () () (20) (20) () () Figures in brackets apply to hand operated motor starters. 20