Thermodynamics of Lysozyme in Binary Solutions of Water + DMSO

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1 Netsu Sokutei Thermodynamics of Lysozyme in Binary Solutions of Water + DMSO Tadashi Kamiyama (Received Sep.28, 2009; Accepted Oct.24, 2009) Thermodynamic properties of lysozyme in binary solutions of water + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were studied paying attention to the intrinsic viscosity, the partial specific volume, the activation free energy for viscous flow, and the thermal denaturation of lysozyme. The thermostability and cooperativity of lysozyme for thermal denaturation was decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing the molar fraction of DMSO (). Lysozyme was stabilized ( G 3 kj mol 1 ) through the specific binding of DMSO at In the range of 0.3 to 0.4, lysozyme was unfolded accompanied with increase in the intrinsic viscosity ( [η] 5.0 cm 3 g 1 ), the partial specific volume ( v o cm 3 g 1 ), and the activation free energy for viscous flow (( µ ο* kj mol 1. It was considered that these changes were due to interfering water - lysozyme interaction through the strong water - DMSO interaction which was reflected in the maximum or minimum excess functions of the binary solution. The apparent partial specific volume of lysozyme was significantly dependent on the concentration of lysozyme and DMSO, indicating the preferential hydration or solvation to lysozyme. These results indicate that thermodynamic properties of protein in binary solutions together can sensitively reflect the conformational change of protein and the interaction with solvent. Keywords: protein, binary solution, thermodynamics 1) 2009 The Japan Society of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis. 263

2 2,3 ph Dimethyl Sulfoxide DMSO (CH 3) 2SO DMSO 4 DMSO DMSO 5-8 DMSO DMSO SIGMA, 6, lot No.90K K nm 2,690 cm 3 g 1 cm 1 14, DMSO Kanto Kagaku, spectroscopy grade 0.3 kpa 327 K 4A Lysozyme DMSO DMSO Lysozyme DMSO DMSO DMSO 10 4 DMSO ph ph DMSO (g cm 3 ) F-4500 HITACHI 290 nm Tryptophan Trp ( ) K DSC MCS-DSC MicroCal 1 K min 1 5 T m H C p T 1/2 Origin DMA 512 (Anton Paar) ( ) K 10 6 g cm 3 ( ) K (mg cm 3 ) DSC 1.0(mg cm 3 )3 10 (mg cm 3 ) H E Q / (n 1 n 2) (1) V E (x 1M 1 M 2)/ρ 12 (x 1M 1/ρ 1 M 2/ρ 2) (2) η E η 12 exp{(x 1lnη 1 lnη 2)} (3) 1 2 DMSO 12 DMSO Q n x ρ η Fig.1 DMSO 12) 13) 14) 15) 3.6Redlich- 264

3 DMSO Excess functions Intensity / arbitarry unit Wavelength / nm Fig.1 Excess functions of binary solutions, water (1) + DMSO (2), at K., excess enthalpy (kj mol 1 ),, excess volume (cm 3 mol 1 ),, excess viscosity (mpa s 1 ),, excess activation free energy for viscous flow (kj mol 1 ). Peak wavelength / nm Kister DMSO S=O HO 5-8,16) DMSO 2 : 1 3 : 2-3 kj mol 1 DMSO Trp +DMSO Trp Fig.2 DMSO A B 0 0.1DMSO DMSO N 0.2 I 0.4 D Fig.2 Fluorescence spectra of lysozyme at various (A) and wavelength for maximum emission at K (B). 3 N I D Lehmann Stanfield DMSO 2 DMSO Trp 108 Trp ) Trp 18) I DMSO 46.6 Trp D Trp Jackson 19 FTIRα β A DMSO0.33 C=O HN S=O HN Trp 3.5 DMSO 265

4 DMSO i DMSO ii DMSO Fig.1 DMSO DSC H C p T m T 1/2 G S DMSO DSC Fig.3 DMSO 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, , 18.5, 32, 52, 65, 74 w/w% 0.4 Table 1 Fig.4 T m DMSO T m DMSO DMSO H H Cp / kj mol 1 K 1 Fig.3 T / DSC thermograms of lysozyme in binary solutions of water and DMSO. The numbers next to the curves represent the mole fractions of DMSO,. The reversibilities of these measurements were over 95%. Cp H / kj mol 1 K 1 / kj mol 1 Tm / K Fig.4 T1/2 / K Dependence of thermodynamic properties for thermal denaturation of lysozyme on the. Table 1 Thermodynamic properties for thermal denaturation of lysozyme in binary solutions of water and DMSO. T m H C p T 1/2 G300 H300 T S300 kj mol 1 kj mol 1 K 1 kj mol 1 kj mol 1 kj mol

5 DMSO 20-22) C p T 1/2 DMSO (4) (6) 300K G 300 H 300 S 300 Table 1 H = H Tm + C p ( T T ) m (4) [η] / cm 3 g 1 S = S Tm + C p ln T T m (5) T T G = HT 1 C p ( Tm T ) + T ln m Tm Tm (6) Fig.5 Plots of intrinsic viscosities of lysozyme against the at K. 0.00, G kj mol 1 DMSO 0.05 S H 3 kj mol 1 DMSO [η] 23) 1 η 1 ρ t [] (7) η = lim 1 = lim 1 c 0 c η c 0 0 c ρ t 0 0 η 0 η ρ 0 ρ t 0 t DMSO [η] Fig.5 DMSO ( ) cm 3 g cm 3 g 1 ( ) cm 3 g cm 3 g DMSO cm 3 g cm 3 g cm 3 g Ma Wang 25) DMSO v o o 1 V0 v = lim c 0 c ρ c V0 = ρ 8 9 c cm 3 g 1 V 0 v app v app v o kc v o 26) Chalikian 27) v o i van der Waals V c ii cavity V cav iii V sol o v = V + V c 0 cav + V sol (10) V c v o ii iii 267

6 v o / cm 3 g 1 k / cm 3 g 1 Fig.6 (A) The concentration dependences of apparent partial specific volumes of lysozyme, k, and (B) partial specific volumes of lysozyme at infinite dilutions against at K. ii iii Fig.6k v o DMSO Fig.6(A) k DMSO DMSO V 0 Fig.6(B) H C p T 1/2 DMSO DMSO ) 29) DMSO cavity cavity (10) cm 3 g 1 FTIR cavity 27) Fig.6(A) Fig.1 DMSO 0.6 FTIR 19) cavity DMSO ii iii 30) Fig.7 i ii (i) ii µ o* 12 29) * 0 V µ 12 = RT ln η hn o o 12 (11) R T h N V o 12 Planck Avogadro m 3 mol 1 Eyring 30) 268

DMSO µ O* i / kj mol 1 Fig.7 Viscous flow model of protein in solution. 1/3 DMSO µ o* 12 DMSOFig.8(A) µ o* 12 0.01 kj 0.1 % DMSO Fig.8(A) Fig.1 3.

7 DMSO µ O* i / kj mol 1 Fig.7 Viscous flow model of protein in solution. 1/3 DMSO µ o* 12 DMSOFig.8(A) µ o* kj 0.1 % DMSO Fig.8(A) Fig kj mol 1 DMSO 30 % DMSO µ o* 3 29), 31) µ µ RT V [ B ( V )] o o 12 3 o* o* 3 = 12 + V o 12 (12) V o 3 m 3 mol 1 B Jones-Doll η/η 0 1 Ac 0.5 Bc 32,33) µ o* 3 DMSO Fig.8(A) µ o* kj mol % DMSO µ o* 12 µ o* 3 i µ o* 12/V o 12 µ o* 3/V o 3 Fig.8(B) µ o* 3/V o 3 µ o* 12/V o 12 µ o* µ o* 3/V o 3 µ o* 3 µ o* 3/V o 3 µ O* i Vi 1 / kj cm 3 Fig.8 Plots of µ o* i(a) and µ o* i /V o i 1 (B) in various aqueous DMSO solutions: i "12" in the absence of lysozyme ( ); i "3" in the presence of lysozyme ( ) (9, )kJ mol 1 ( ) kj cm 3 7,658 kj mol 1, 0.75 kj cm % Dash µ o* 3 DMSO kj mol 1 Gly 15.7 kj mol 1 α-ala 15.6 kj mol 1 β-ala 29) µ o* kj mol 1 ( = ) 3 µ o* 3/V o µ o* 3 µ o* 3/V o 3 269

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