ABSTRACT BOOK ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHIATRY FOR ADULTS & CHILDREN

Transcript

1 ABSTRACT BOOK ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHIATRY FOR ADULTS & CHILDREN 11 th International Conference Friendship & Unity, Psychology & Communication Laison of Psychiatry and Neurology May 2 nd 5 th, 2006 Athens, Hellas Hilton Hotel

2 CONTENTS KEY LECTURES KL1 Psychosocial Aspects of Ffriendship and Family Unity according to Aristotle STATE-OF-THE-ART LECTURE SOA Estime de Soi dans les Apprentissages de l Enfanat PLENARY LECTURES PL2 The Impact of Researh on Program Development:Two Succaessful Models PL3 «Women s Mental Health : Eliciting the Relaxation Response with Help of Flotation REST (Resticted Environmental Stimulation Technique» LECTURES L1 «Special Subjects of Mental Hygiene of Woman» L2 «The Quality of Life of individuals with Bipolar Disorders» L3 «Syndrome of Repressed Memory (Sexually Abused Chldren s -Withnesse in the Court)» L4 «Human Systems Therepy of Schizophrenia» CORE SYMPOSIA CS1 PRIMARY PREVENTION & INTERVENTION IN PSYCHOSES CS2 The Role of Cooperative Behaviors in Depression CS2 Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Race and Socioeconomic Status SYMPOSIA S1 Women s Mental Health after Giving Birth S1 Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Doing Exercise on Female S1 Inscribing Women s Health: Clandestine Voices within the Architecture of Language S2 (GR) The Use of Pictorial Creative Techinques of Psychodynamic S2 (GR) Music Therapy Programs in Alzheimer s Patients S2 (GR) Emersion of Familial Transactions though Chlidren s Drawings S3 (GR) Difficulties of Integration and Equivalent Confrontation of Cahlildren, Adolescents and Young Adults that are Entertained in Hospices S3 (GR) Children s Psychiatry in the General Hospital of Mitilini, : Course, Experience and aresults of its 16- month Operation S3 Play as Potential Space and Secondary Reality S4 Experiencaes Seeking Traditional and Orthodox Treatment for Psychiatric Issues in Nigeria S4 Sommatization and Somatised Mental Disorders S5 Challenges of Paarenthood in the XXI Century S5 Foster Care Family & Family of Origin: Understanding and Dealing with Loyalty Conflict S5 Perceived Parental Feedback and it s Correlation to Young-Adolescents Self-Concaept and Self-Esteem: Differences in Relation to Cendear and School Grade S6 Training of Cognitive Processes & Transfer in Alzheimer s Disease S6 The Center of Caognitive and Psychological Rehaabilitation of the Greek Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders Association in Thessaloniki S7 Creativity within Workgroups S7 Study of Relationship Between Self-Satisfaction and Power of Leadership S8 Imaginary Companions and Mental Abilities: An Evaluation of Theory of Mind and Emotion Comprehension S8 Life Skills for Young Adults with Learning Disabilities S9 An Investigation of the relationship between Educational Performance and Mental Health among High School Students in Kerman Province S9 Avoiding Trauma in Children with Learing Differences S10 Family and Art Therapy in Children and Adolescents S10 The Medical Power of Music S10 Perception of Family throught Artistic Expression in Adults S11 From the History of Epilepsy S11 Status Epilepticus S11 Epilepsy and Mental Retardation S11 Differential Diagnosis of Epilepsy S12 Effects of Implementation Intentions on Controlling the Social Anxiety Symptoms S12 Effect of Body Image of Self-Esteem S12 Patients after Major Orthopaedic Operations: Can we Incorporate them Fully in Today s Society S12 Comparative Study of Psychological, Medical & Compact Models for Iranian Students with Panic Symptoms S13 Adolescents Immigrants: The Vulnerable Foreigners S13 Greek Dance as a Means of Integration of Immigrants S13 Ideology, Health and Social Politics in the health System S13 Art as a non-conventional Communication Method

3 SATELITE SYMPOSIA SAS1 ACTIONAID HELLAS (GR) SAS2 Normal and Abnormal Cognitive Deficits in Elderly ROUND TABLES RT1 Art as a Therapy and Communication Method RT1 Music as an Expressive & Communication Method in Adolescents RT2 Psychoherapeutic Interventions in Children and Adolescents RT3 Fashion and Art: Form of Class, Colour of Glass and Aesthetic Pleasure RT3 The Chorus as Means of Treatment RT3 Music therapy: from the Antiquity up Today RT4 Adaptation Expeiences of Turkish-Speaking Migrant Women in United Kingdom RT4 Older Refugees In Exile: Needs and Service Response RT5 Principles and Strategic Planning of Growth of Children and Adolescents Mental Health Services in the Frontier Region RT5 Innovatiave Actions in Mental Health via Concretisation of Community Parogrms. The Experience of Lesvos Disctrict RT5 Activities, Role and Route of the Psychological Service in General Hospital in the Frontier Region, : Results,, Prospects RT6 Not Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Senility: Observations and Extensions in Closed Frame of Hospitalisation RT7 Dementia and Depression RT7 Frontotenporal Dementia RT7 Parkison s Dementia RT8 GREEK WOMEN MASS MEDIA WORKSHOPS W1 Secondary Gain in Psychiatry and Fashion Disorders W2 Recent Advances in Trauma Therapy: Therapeutic Factors with Personality Disorders and Complex Trauma SPECIAL SESSIONS SS1 Exclusion from friendships:an example of social exclusion for people with the label of Learning Dificulties in England SS1 Flirt: Aspects of Communicational Expressions and Psychological Risks in Men s Personality SS1 Self-Concept in Children: a New Meathod to Improve it, which uses Subliminal Priming SS1 Communication in Deaf SS2 Art Therapy with a Group of Children whose Parents are Ill SS2 Chronic Trauma & Child Health: Immediate and Long-term Consequences SS2 Secondary Traumatic Stress & Burnout among the Humanitarian Waorkers who Work with Children & Women Victims of Abuse & Violence SS3 Literature, Television and Computer Games Impact on Non-Aggressive and Aggressive Behaviors in Adolescence SS3 The MTV Spirit & Algerian Teenagers Sexuality: Investigating Sexuality & Media Effects SS4 Psychic Disorders during Menopause SS4 The man Ingmar Bergman as Deject and his Women SS4 Psychosocial Dimension of Breast Cancer SS5 Sexual Harassment among Astudents of the Same Age in High School SS5 Psychological Consequencaes of Intra-Familia l Violence in Adolescents SS6 Epidemiology and Public Health SS6 Emotional Intelligence and Health SS7 Infant Observation: Methodological Comparison SS7 Competing Demands of Female Caregivers in Jakarta, Indonesia SS8 The Greek Unemployed Woman Attitudes Towards Herself and the Society SS8 Can the Participation in a Group Improve the Way of Confrontation o f Mental Pressing Situations? SS8 Psychological After-effects of Involuntary Interruption of Gestation in the Woman: Examination of Bibliography SS9 The Dynamics of Relationships SS9 Music as a Means of Communication within the Greek Family SS9 Elaboration of Experiences of Married Life SS10 The Social-emotional Growth of the Child in the Frame of its Relation with the Educator in the Environment of Precocious Education SS10 Software of Detection of Educational difficultie : Who are the most Raeliabel indicators of Localisation SS10 Synthetic Speech as an Aid for Students with Learning Difficulties: Its Dimensions and Use SS10 Study on Childrens Self-Esteem SS11 Art Therapy and Socially Excluded Children in Next Door Children Program. A case study SS11 Program of Health Education SS12 Quality of Care throught the Pedopsychiatric Reformation ( ):Utopia and Reality SS12 The procedure of Therapeutic Change and Relapse throught Narrative Stories of Prior Addicted people SS13 Treatment in Infra-Familial Child Abuse in a Probational Setting SS13 Risk Factors of Domestic Violence in Indonesia SS14 Communication-Dialogue and Time Aspects in Emphatic Understanding SS14 Antecendents, Experience, Expression & Control of Anger in Batak People & Javanese SS15 Visualizing the invisible : Children, Psychopharmaceuticals and their Body SS15 Expressed Emotion in Psychopathological Adolescents

4 SS15 Breafast Interview in Psychopathological Adolescents INTERACTIVE CLINICAL SESSIONS ICS1 Valuing Attachment: Evaluation of a Therapeutic Service for Children with Attachment Difficulties ICS2 POSTER PRESENTATION P1 The Impact of Media on Juvenile Delinquency P2 Physical Appearance and Intimate Friendship in Adolescence in a Portuguese College Students Sample P3 Neoplasmatic Disease of the Parent and Behavioral Disorders of Adolescence: Clinical Observations and Therapeutic Interventions P4 Interpersonal Dominance in Family Relationships P5 The Homeless and how they Cope with Loneliness P6 Grand Parents in Greece: Attitudes and Role Performance P7 Therapeutic Relation of Psychologist with Hospitalised Children at the Children s General Hospital in Penteli P8 The Phenomelological Clinical Syndrome of Alexithimia: Theoretical and Inquiring Data - Therapeutic Regards P9 Panic Attacks P10 Gender Differences in Patients Written Narratives About Being Diagnosed with Cancer P11 Treatment Decision-Related Factors in Cancer Patients P12 Change in Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSD) Following Psychosocial Treatment for Breast Cancer P13 «Breaking Bad news to Cancer Patients: Transitioning from Taboo to Truth-Telling in Greece» P14 The After-effects of Intra-familial Violence on the Children P15 Surrogate Parenthood: The Interracial Adoption and its Results P16 The Impact of Transformational Leadership, Emotional Intelligence and Group Cohesiveness on Leadership Emergence: A Gender Comparison P17 Revealing of Aggression, Alarm, Fears at Children of Preschool Age which had Transferred Inta-Familial Deprivation P18 Unemployment and Mental Health to Women A Comparative Study P19 Relations between Attachment and Attributional Styles Towards Friends in Adolescence P20 Teaching Clinical Skills Experientially P21 Stressors, their Coping Strategies and Relation to Mental Health in Infertile Individuals P22 Study of the Greek Demographic Chart of Psychic Disorders P23 Regulatory Disorders in Toddlerhood Hyperactivity in Early Age P24 Loneliness of Abused Women P25 Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life of Female Students with Premenstrual Related Problems P26 Essential Fatty Acids and the Prevalence of Depression P27 Sexual Deviations or Parafilies: Psychotherapeutic Techniques of Confrontation - Prevention of Relapse P28 Psychometrics Versus Culture P29 Physician-Patient Communication Among Greek Cancer Physicians: The Influence of Psychosocial Orientation and Burn Out P30 A Survey about Communication between Medical Staff and Cancer Patients in Greece P31 Breast Cancer Surgery in Greek Patients: Decision-Making and Satisfaction P32 The Approach to Dying Person in a General Hospital P33 Physical and Mental Health Among Thai Older Adults: Social Comparison as a Mediator P34 Influence of the Stressful Factors on Condition Vascular Channel P35 The Modern Approach to Treatment and Rehabilitation in Depressive Disorders P36 Congruence Person-Environment Effect on task Satisfaction P37 Immigration and Mental Health: A Comparative Study The necessity of Ethnopsychiatric Consultation P38 Internal Duty in the Biggest Psychiatric Hospital of Greece P39 Gender and Psychological Impact of Infertility. A Review of the Literature P40 The Personality Disorders Psychotherapeutic Treatment P41 Brain: Behaviour - Sentiments - Cognitive Operations and Mental Disturbances. A Neuro-Psychological Approach P42 Biological Aspects of Aggression P43 Sleep Disorders in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Correlation with Quality of Life and Awareness of Disease P44 Personal Characteristics and Psychological Parameters in Patients Suffering from Hematological Malignancies P45 A Psychoeducational Intervention for Women with Breast Cancer and Gynaecological Tumours P46 Lining Alopecia: Study on the Impact of Chemotherapy Associated Alopecia in Quality of Life and Daily Activities in Cancer P47 Sex Differences in the Search of Counselling and Psychoterapeutic Support P48 «Colorectal Cancer Patients Informational needs About Sexuality Related Issues» P49 Working Memory Disturbances in Schizophrenic Patients and their First-Degree Healthy Relatives P50 Features of Mental Adaptation of the Persons in Extreme Conditions of Labour Activity P51 The Impact of Parental Bipolar Disorder on Familiar Communication Institute P52 The Application of a Multifactorial Program to Control Tabac Consumption P53 Emergency Psychiatric Departments: Are all the days the same?

5 KEY LECTURES KL1 Psychosocial Aspects of Friendship and Family Unity according to Aristotle Emeritus Professor IERODIAKONOU, CH. (Greece) Aristotelio University of Thessaloniki Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher of the 4 th century B.C., was a keen observer of human nature and had a psychological perspective in his studies of people s interrelations. He stressed the psychosocial necessity of friendship and analyzed its determining factors, i.e. mutuality, reciprocity, trust, common experiences and common interests etc. Similarity of characters was also considered by him important. Aristotle described in detail the intrafamilial relations, e.g. paternal / maternal love, respect of children for the parents, brotherly similarities and differences, obligations to cousins etc. He underlined that family unity is based on a good leader ( a father like a good king ), as well as on individual value, justice and right behaviour between family members. Nature also plays its part, especially in marriage, not only for having children, but furthermore for pleasure and useful social actions. The philosopher though writing his observations in books of Ethics, does not avoid to express his opinions on various aspects of erotic love as well. STATE-OF-THE-ART LECTURE SOA Estime de Soi dans les Apprentissages de l Enfanat MAZET, PH. (France) University of Paris, Child Psychiatric Service, Salpetrière Hospital, Paris La pratique clinique nous confronte à des situations où les difficultés d apprentissage de l enfant apparaissent liées à des causes et à des mécanismes souvent étroitement intriqués et dont il est parfois bien difficile de préciser la part respective dans l origine du trouble et dans son maintien. Parmi ces facteurs, l estime de soi occupe une place originale et importante dans la réalisation, la réussite ou l échec des apprentissages de l enfance. L accent est d abord mis sur la nécessité d une suffisante estime de soi dans la réussite des apprentissages, scolaires notamment, de l enfant. «Il n a pas confiance en lui», c est ainsi que parents et enseignants, de manière pertinente, tentent souvent d expliquer les difficultés ou l échec scolaire d un enfant. En effet, certains enfants sont en difficulté au tout début de leur démarche d apprentissage, au moment où bien souvent le recours à la personne qui sait ou sait faire, ou qui peut guider ou accompagner l apprentissage est inévitable et où ils se trouvent démunis, confrontés à une incompétence transitoire, volontiers ressentie alors comme coupable ou dévalorisante. Cette première étape peut passer inaperçue et se révéler très transitoire si l élan de la curiosité et le désir intense de progresser l emporte sur le sentiment initial d incomplétude et d incapacité de l enfant et si l adulte sait l encourager et l accompagner de manière bienveillante et suffisamment patiente. Mais il suffit que l enfant soit peu sûr de lui-même ou anxieux pour que ce sentiment d impuissance initiale le déborde, l entraîne éventuellement à démissionner rapidement, voire le déprime. Quelques-uns des facteurs contribuant au développement et au maintien de l estime de soi sont ensuite abordés. Ces derniers sont schématiquement liés, d une part à ce que l enfant, dès les premières interactions, perçoit de l investissement de lui-même par ses parents et, de manière plus générale, par son entourage, et d autre part aux expériences positives et aux réussites qu il peut avoir dans ses diverses activités et apprentissages. Chemin faisant, cette notion d estime de soi est articulée avec celles de confiance en soi, d amour de soi et de narcissisme de bonne qualité et d attachement sécure. De manière générale, on peut dire que des conditions de vie familiales et/ou sociales défaillantes ne répondant pas aux besoins psychologiques fondamentaux de l enfant : besoin de se sentir aimé, respecté, besoin de se sentir actif, acteur, vont entraver ou altérer la constitution de cette estime de soi. Quelques implications pratiques de la prise en compte de l estime de soi sur un plan éducatif ou pédagogique chez l enfant mais aussi sur un plan plus spécifiquement thérapeutique, rééducatif ou psychothérapique sont enfin précisées. Il semble bien que l un des axes de travail que l on doit avoir, quelle que soit notre fonction dans l équipe thérapeutique, soit bien un certain degré de restauration de l image de soi chez le sujet. Or, certains abords diagnostiques et thérapeutiques sont parfois loin d engendrer cette restauration, notamment lorsqu ils contribuent trop par le centrage sur le manque, l incapacité, le handicap ou l échec, à maintenir, voire à renforcer chez le sujet l image d un enfant abîmé, à réparer à tout prix. Une relation vécue comme authentiquement bienveillante tant par l enfant que par ses parents, où il se sent accepté tel qu il est mais aussi pris en considération dans ses aspirations, est le préalable indispensable à tout travail éventuel rééducatif ou psychothérapique. Il s agit de redonner confiance à l enfant quant à ses possibilités, mais aussi de redonner confiance aux parents dans les capacités de leur enfant et dans leurs propres fonctions parentales. Pour terminer, une recherche actuelle à La Salpêtrière sur l évaluation de l estime de soi dans une population d enfants ayant des troubles de l attention avec hyperactivité est évoquée. PLENARY LECTURES PL2 The Impact of Research on Program Development: Two Successful Models ARMBRUSTER, P. Associate Clinical Professor Yale University Child Study Center In the United States, Approximately two-thirds of children in need of psychiatric care fail to receive it. A number of barriers prevent emotionally disturbed children and families from receiving necessary mental health services. These range from practical ones -- such as inadequate knowledge about where to go -- to complex psychological ones involving parent, child, or family dynamics. If we use clinical and epidemiological studies to identify specific risk groups or risk factors we may find strategies for delivering more effective mental health services. Several reasons for the gap between service need and service utilization have been noted in the adult literature. These identified service barriers are known as the 4 A s : availability, accessibility, acceptability and affordability. Stated another way, service utilization is related to need factors, predisposing factors, and enabling factors. Lack of awareness of available sources and lack of cultural congruency, including language problems and poor ethnic match, contribute to this gap. Researchers found that affordability of services represented the most formidable service barrier. Stigma or acceptability, previously considered the major deterrent, was not found to be as important

6 a barrier. Studies have noted that those in most need are those who perceive the greatest services barriers, and that underutilization of services is generally associated with lower socioeconomic status. As with adults, access has been identified as a major barrier for children. The situation is complicated by the reality that children needing mental health services rarely seek it for themselves and are dependent on adults -- such as parents, teachers or other referral agents -- to recognize the need and institute contact. Further obstacles are created when human service agencies are not well coordinated with educational, child welfare or other community institutions interacting with the child. Although investigators claim financial circumstances to be a barrier, they note that many children and families cannot afford services or are unaware that the services are available at adjusted rates or even no cost. Socioeconomic disadvantage is a risk factor for lack of utilization with both children and adults. In addition to the above-mentioned comments regarding the gap between children who need service and those who receive it, research has found that, in some populations, such as inner city children exposed to high levels of psychosocial adversity, the rate of underutilization is estimated to be as high as 22 percent. In our study of inner city school children in New Haven, we found that almost 40 percent of these children were likely candidates for psychiatric disorders, and only 11 percent of these (at risk) children had utilized mental health services. Before I proceed further, I would like to describe our Clinic population and the environment in which the at-risk children live. The Yale Child Study Outpatient Clinic and the children and families it serves are located in New Haven, CT -- one of the most economically and socially polarized cities in the United States. Close to 30 percent of the city s population lives in public housing, yet six institutions of higher learning reside within its borders, including Yale University. The Yale Child Study Center Outpatient Clinic is a university-based, inner-city children s mental health clinic. It serves the city s disadvantaged population: 65 to 75 percent are on Medicaid, 83 percent are single-parent families, and 61 percent are minority (41 percent African American and 20 percent Hispanic). The Clinic is a clinic for the poor. The combined attrition rate of the Clinic is 45 percent, measured by different clinic phases (e.g. dropout after completing telephone intake prior to in-person contact, dropout after one session, dropout during evaluation, dropout after completion of evaluation, dropout during treatment). The Clinic is representative of the children attending the city s public schools in that the majority of the students are poor and minority, and, unfortunately (with few exceptions), parent involvement is one of the main challenges faced by the schools. The Clinic accepts patients on a sliding-fee scale according to the family s financial status. Contact with the Clinic begins with a phone call from the parent or other referring source to our intake coordinators. They record: age, gender, residence, family composition, school information, presenting complaint, referral source, medication and whether or not the case is an emergency or not. At the time of the phone call, an appointment is set for the first Clinic visit, and parents are sent an application packet which contains an introductory report form and four standardized measures. Unless they are Spanish-speaking, or receiving child protection services, or the case is an emergency, clients are given the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC), and at that time, are asked to bring with them the completed standardized measures. If clients do not quality for the DISC, they are given an appointment with the intake coordinators, at which time they sign all release forms, patient responsibilities, etc., and the coordinators assure that the standardized measures are complete. When all this information is gathered, it is assigned to a clinician, who then does an evaluation and, if indicated, provide treatment. PL3 «Women s Mental Health : Eliciting the Relaxation Response with Help of Flotation REST (Resticted Environmental Stimulation Technique» NORLANDER, T., BOOD, S.A. (Sweden) Psychology Dpt, Karlstad University Two studies were conducted. The first aimed to investigate long-term effects of flotation-rest four months after treatment. Seventy patients participated, diagnosed as having stress-related pain. Participants were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a control group or a flotation-rest group and participated in a total of twelve flotation REST or control sessions. Results indicated that pain areas, stress, anxiety and depression decreased, while sleep quality, optimism, and prolactin increased. Positive effects generally maintained four months after treatment. The second study examined the potential effects of attention-placebo on flotation tank therapy. Thirty-two patients who were diagnosed as having stress-related muscular pain were treated with flotation- REST for a period of six weeks. Half of the patients were also given special attention for a period of 12 weeks, while the remainder received such attention for 6 weeks. Participants in both groups exhibited lowered blood pressure, reduced pain, anxiety, depression, stress, and negative affectivity, as well as increased optimism, energy, and positive affectivity. It was therefore concluded that flotation tank therapy is an effective method for the treatment of stress-related pain. References Bood, S. Å., Sundequist, U., Norlander, T., Nordström, L., Nordenström, K., Kjellgren, A., & Nordström, G. (2006). Eliciting the relaxation response with help of flotation-rest (Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique) in patients with stress related ailments. International Journal of Stress Management, 13, [Will appear May 2006] Bood, S. Å., Sundequist, U., Kjellgren, A., Nordström, G., & Norlander, T. (in press). Effects of Flotation-REST (Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique) on Stress Related Muscle Pain: What Makes the Difference in Therapy, Attention- Placebo or the Relaxation Response? Pain Research and Management. LECTURES L1 «Special Subjects of Mental Hygiene of Woman» L2 «The Quality of Life of individuals with Bipolar Disorders» SOURPI, Z.A. (Greece) Clinical Psychologist, Professor Life Sciences Dpt, University of Surrey, London Bipolar disorder is a recurring, often chronic illness, characterised by periods of mania and depression with variable interepisode recovery. For the majority of patients it is the depressive component of this illness that contributes to most of the

7 associated morbidity, social disability and mortality. Research and clinical experience suggest that acute treatment and prevention of depressive episodes is by far the most challenging aspect of the care of patients with the disorder. Manic depression distorts moods, causes violent behaviours, destroys the basis of rational thought and, so often, takes away from the individual the desire to live. Although manic depressive illness has long been assumed to be genetic in origin and its strong tendency to run in families but not in others has been observed for well over a thousand years, only the recent radical advances in molecular biology have made it possible to identify these susceptibility genes. It is almost certain that over the next few years the identification genes will have a major impact on out understanding of disease pathophysiology. This is likely to lead to major improvements and treatment in patient care, but will also raise important ethical questions. L4 «Human Systems Therepy of Schizophrenia» PARITSIS, N. (Greece) Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences Dpt., School of Medicine University of Crete Aim : Besides the psychoanalytic and cognitive psychotherapy of schizophrenia it is developed recently in Crete and it is under evaluation a systemic psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Method : This type is of psychotherapy is based on assumptions such as the definition of a system, the integration of cognition and affect, the increase of order and variety of the system under therapy. Besides, a conceptualization of schizophrenia integrating biological, psychological and family research findings is used. Furthermore, some specific to this method techniques are developed, such as the following of the logical consequences of the beliefs of the patient and the over positive presentation of characteristics of the patient. Results: There are four trials so far with satisfactory results on different types of schizophrenia including the chronic ones. Conclusion: After the first encouraging results the method is under further evaluation, refinement and presentation to the trained in systems therapy students. CORE SYMPOSIA CS1 PRIMARY PREVENTION & INTERVENTION IN PSYCHOSES KONTAXAKIS, V. Chair, Section of Preventive Psychiatry World Psychiatric Association Ο πρώτος και κύριος στόχος της Προληπτικής Ψυχιατρικής είναι η αναζήτηση των παραγόντων που προφυλάσσουν τα υγιή άτοµα από την εµφάνιση ψυχικών διαταραχών ή των παραγόντων που συµβάλλουν στην εµφάνιση ψυχικών διαταραχών, αποσκοπώντας στη µείωση της επίπτωσης των διαταραχών αυτών (πρωτοβάθµια πρόληψη). Οι στρατηγικές πρωτοβάθµιας πρόληψης διακρίνονται σε τρείς κατηγορίες : α. σε αυτές που απευθύνονται στο γενικό πληθυσµό (ενηµέρωση) όταν η φύση της διαταραχής είναι γνωστή, β,. στις επιδηµιολογικέ µελέτες και παρεµβάσεις που αποσκοπούν στην κατανόηση της φύσης της διαταραχής και του τρόπου µετάβασης από την υγιή κατάσταση στη νόσο γ. στις αναπτυξιακές στρατηγικές που βασίζονται στη διερεύνηση των παραγόντων που συµβάλλουν στην εµφάνιση της διαταραχής κατά τη διάρκεια της περιόδου από την γέννηση µέχρι την ενηλικίωση. Οι τεχνικές πρωτοβάθµιας πρόληψης, αδρά χωρίζονται σε βιοτεχνολογικές και ψυχοκοινωνικές. Οι βιοτεχνολογικές τεχνικές, που έχουν µεγαλύτερη εγκυρότητα, έχουν µέχρι σήµερα ελάχιστες εφαρµογές στον ψυχιατρικό χώρο. Οι ψυχολογικές και ψυχοκοινωνικές συστηµατικές παρεµβάσεις σε ασυµπτωµατικά άτοµα είναι ιδιαίτερα χρήσιµες στην πρόληψη σηµαντικού αριθµού ψυχικών διαταραχών. Εν τούτοις, πρέπει να επισηµανθούν οι δυσκολίες υλοποίησης τέτοιων προγραµµάτων που οφείλονται στο µεγάλο οικονοµικό κόστος αλλά και την αρνητική στάση µεγάλου µέρους της κοινωνίας λόγω του «ψυχιατρικού στιγµατισµού». CS2 The Role of Cooperative Behaviors in Depression TSE, W.S. (China) Applied Social Studies Dpt, City University of Hong Kong With the growing interest to understand social functioning in depressed patients, non-verbal behaviors, such as smile; gaze, were of focus. However, cooperative behavior, which also bears a significant functioning in the development of friendship, social supports, has been ignored in depression study. Depressive symptoms, such as inattentiveness and excessive self-focused attention fit in to explain poor cooperative behavior. Cooperative behavior is different from simply giving in and ingratiation. It involves a balance cognitive appraisal of self-focused interest and other-focused interest. It also requires meta-cognition to calculate social relationship cost and self-gains. Multiple lines of evidences indicated that cooperative behavior has a unique role in depression. Behaviorally, depressed group reported less cooperative communication than schizophrenic counterpart (1). In dyadic interaction study, confederate portraits depressive behaviors, e.g. non-cooperative eye gaze pattern, were found to trigger more social rejection and punitive responses from interactants(2). Personality study showed that cooperative personality predicted risk of depression in healthy volunteers (3). Antidepressant treatment enhanced cooperative behaviors in both human and animal and which might relate to it s therapeutic mechanism (4,5). These evidences supported the involvement of poor cooperative behavior in the psychopathology of depression, thus, further understandings of it s role in depression is warranted. References: (1) Tse, W.S. & Tam, D. Abnormal cooperative behaviours in schizophrenic patients. (manuscript in preparation). (2) Tse, W. S. & Bond, A. J. (2003) Consequences of displaying abnormal social behaviour: avoidance and reduction of social reinforcement. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75, (3) Tse, W.S. & Bond, A. J. Cooperative Personalities: Their role in depression- an explorative study. (manuscript submitted to Journal of Personality). (4) Tse, W. S. & Bond, A. J. (2003) Reboxetine promotes social bonding in healthy volunteers. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 17,

8 (5) Tse, W. S. & Bond, A. J. (2002) Serotonergic intervention affects both Social Dominance and Affiliative Behaviour. Psychopharmacology, 161, CS2 Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Race and Socioeconomic Status LINCOLN, K. (USA) Social Work Dpt, University of Washington This paper examines trajectories of depressive symptoms among African American and white adults. The present analyses are based on the responses of 3,493 African American and white respondents from four waves of the Americans Changing Lives Panel Study. Latent class analysis (e.g., mixture modeling) using Mplus was used to identify latent trajectory classes based on the reported levels of depressive symptoms over 16 years. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in trajectories of depressive symptoms as individual s age as well as significant predictors that vary by latent class trajectory. Specifically, four latent trajectory classes were identified two high risk groups and two low risk groups. The high risk groups are 1) those with a high number of depressive symptoms over the 16-year study period and 2) those with an increasing number of depressive symptoms over time. The low risk groups are 1) those with few depressive symptoms over the study period and 2) those with declining numbers of depressive symptoms over time. Findings also illustrate the heterogeneity among and within racial groups with respect to trajectories of depressive symptoms and the distinct sociodemographic predictors for trajectory classes. The collection of findings provides a number of provocative departures from previous studies on race, socioeconomic status and mental health. Furthermore, results identify two classes of individuals that are most in need of intervention those with consistently high levels of depressive symptoms and those with increasing symptoms. These classes would have otherwise been missed in cross-sectional studies or with variable-based statistical techniques. References: Blazer, Dan G., Richard Landerman, Judith C. Hays, Eleanor M. Simonsick, and William B. Sauders Symptoms of Depression among Community-dwelling Elderly African American and White Older Adults. Psychological Medicine 28: Frerichs, Ralph B., Carol S. Aneshensel, and Virginia A. Clark Prevalence of Depression in Los Angeles County. American Journal of Epidemiology 113: Gallo, Joseph J., Lisa Cooper-Patrick, and Sandra Lesikar Depressive Symptoms of Whites and African Americans Aged 60 Years and Older. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 53B: P Greenbaum, Paul. E., Frances K. Del Boca, Jack Darkes, Chen-Pin Wang and Mark S. Goldman Variation in the Drinking Trajectories of Freshmen College Students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Husaini, Baqar A., Robert S. Castor, J. Gary Linn, and Stephen J. Moore Social Support and Depression among Black and White Elderly. Journal of Community Psychology 18: Jackson, Pamela B Role Occupancy and Minority Mental Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38: Kessler, Ronald C. and Harold W. Neighbors A New Perspective on the Relationships among Race, Social Class, and Psychological Distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 27: Myers, Hector F., Ira Lesser, Norma Rodriguez, Consuelo B. Mira, Wei-Chin Hwang, Christina Camp, Dora Anderson, Lucy Erickson, and Marcy Wohl Ethnic Differences in Clinical Presentation of Depression in Older Women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 8: Omi, Micheal and Harold Winant Racial Formation in the United States: From 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge. Perreira, Krista M., Natalia Deeb-Sossa, Kathleen M. Harris, and Kenneth A. Bollen What are we Measuring? Evaluation of the CES-D across Race/Ethnic and Immigrant Generation. Social Forces 83: Radloff, Lenore S The CES-D Scale: A Self-report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1: Vega, William A. and Ruben G. Rumbaut Ethnic Minorities and Mental Health. Annual Review of Sociology 17: SYMPOSIA S1 Women s Mental Health after Giving Birth CHATZIDIMITRIOU, S. (Greece) Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist European Federation of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Η περίοδος που διανύει µια γυναίκα µετά τη γέννα η λοχεία είναι τόσο σηµαντική όσο και κρίσιµη για τη θεµελείωση της σωµατικής αλλά και ψυχικής υγείας του βρέφους. Στη λοχεία το βρέφος προστατεύεται από τη µάνα µε τρόπους πρακτικούς όπως ο θηλασµός, για παράδειγµα, που δηµιουργεί στον νέο οργανισµό αντισώµατα και προστάτες της υγείας του. Το µωρό κρατιέται στη σωστή θερµοκρασία, φοράει τον κατάλληλο ρουχισµό, καθαρίζεται, και γενικότερα λαµβάνει κυρίως τη φροντίδα της µητέρας µε ένα τρόπο αποκλειστικό µιας και το ίδιο είναι απόλυτα εξαρτηµένο για την επιβίωσή του. Επίσης, καλώς εχόντων των πραγµάτων, µε την ίδια αποκλειστικότητα και αφοσίωση που δέχεται το βρέφος σωµατική φροντίδα δέχεται και ψυχική. Χρειάζεται να αισθάνεται επιθυµητό, αγαπητό, το κέντρο του ενδιαφέροντος της µητέρας του και βέβαια ότι βρίσκεται σε ένα περιβάλλον ασφαλές από όλες τις απόψεις. Προϋπόθεση για την οµαλή διεξαγωγή αυτής της τόσο κρίσιµης περιόδου είναι όχι µόνο το περιβάλλον, πρακτικό και συναισθηµατικό, της µητέρας αλλά και η συναισθηµατική ετοιµότητά της να φέρει στον κόσµο ένα παιδί. Η λοχεία είναι µια κατ εξοχήν φορτισµένη περίοδος µε προσδοκίες αναφορικά µε το νεογέννητο, ανησυχία, αγωνία και συχνά σωµατική εξάντληση. Φαντάζεται λοιπόν κανείς το πόσο απαραίτητη είναι η πρωτύτερη ετοιµότητα της γυναίκας να γίνει µητέρα. Στο µεγαλύτερο ποσοστό επιλόχειας κατάθλιψης µια σοβαρή ψυχική νόσος η γυναίκα φαίνεται να µην είναι έτοιµη συναισθηµατικά και πρακτικά να τεκνοποιήσει. Σε κάποιες περιπτώσεις δε, φαίνεται να έχει προβεί σε µια εγκυµοσύνη για τους λάθος λόγους ή ακόµα και τυχαία. Αυτό βέβαια δεν σηµαίνει πως η κάθε εγκυµοσύνη που προκύπτει απροετοίµαστα θα οδηγήσει σε επιλόχεια κατάθλιψη, αλλά διατρέχει η µητέρα µεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο να αντιδράσει αρνητικά στην κύηση ή και στη γέννηση του παιδιού της κάτω από αντίξοες και απρόσµενες συνθήκες.

9 S1 Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Doing Exercise on Female MANTEGHIY, A., FAYAZI, B. (Iran) Psychiatry Dpt, Mashad University of Medical Science Psychological problems are increasing in human societies. According to WHO, during 1993 half of miliard people were afflicted with mental disorders in the world. On the other hand all of the indicators of mental disorders ( especially mood disorders ) are higher in women in comparison to men. Different life stressors for women ( pregnancy, delivery, menopause etc ) predispose them to be more affected with mental problems. The aim of this research was to see if the effect of doing physical exercise on the mental health of female students in universities of Mashad in Method:Having chosen the subject and gathering fundamental information,the GHQ was distributed among students of different faculties.the result was 220 samples of non athlete and 53 sample of athletes.the other samples of athletes(167) were selected from different sport clubs in Mashad and the sport teams of different faculties. Results:Statistics show that, 1)There is a significant relationship between mental health and doing physical exercise,that is,athletes enjoy a higher level of psychological health as compared to non athletes, 2)Ther is not any significant relationship between psychological health and the kind of physical exercise (sport) being done. 3) Ther is not any significant relationship between psychological health and the length of time of time of doing physical exercise. S1 Inscribing Women s Health: Clandestine Voices within the Architecture of Language LAMBRIANIDIS, CH. (Greece) Center for Creative Writing, Athens it is very possible that the crucial scene had been set up for me in a previous story, outside me, outside the room. And so what I took for the beginning was nothing but the final revelation Ten years later you make the dubious discovery that when you were not waiting for anyone, you were, deep down, expecting someone; Else. The door opens. The person who comes in is so calm that your story halts. It can only be life or death. It can be life nothing-but-life. (Hélène Cixous, Angst ) As a writer, mentor/teacher and independent scholar, I would like to discuss, through creative writing examples, how in order for women to acquire, understand, explore, maintain levels of inner health, a deconstruction of the symbolic materializes a theatre on the fringe where literature-in-the making enables the voices to occur. S2 The Use of Pictorial Creative Techinques of Psychodynamic GIRA, E., NIKOLAKAKIS, N., THEOHARI, K., SOTIRIOU, R., KOUROUKLI, CH., KOUMPI, E., HATZISTAMATI, K. Association of Psychosocial Confrontation Ο σκοπòς αυτής της εργασίας είναι να περιγράψουµε τα θεραπευτικά εργαλεία που χρησιµοποιούµε στην ψυχοθεραπευτική διαδικασία στο χώρο µας. Έτσι, ενώ η λεκτική έκφραση του ατόµου είναι το βασικό εργαλείο της ψυχοθεραπευτικής διαδικασίας υπάρχει και όλο αυτό το πρωτογενές υλικό από την προ-λεκτική αναπτυξιακή φάση που δεν µπορεί να εκφραστεί µε αυτό τον τρόπο. Συχνά, χρησιµοποιούµε εικαστικές και δηµιουργικές τεχνικές που ενθαρρύνουν τη µη λεκτική έκφραση. ηλαδή, χρησιµοποιούµε δηµιουργικές τεχνικές α) digital expressions β) analytic expressions αναλύουµε την έκφραση µέσα από το δηµιουργικό βίωµα. Το θεωρητικό µοντέλο που χρησιµοποιούµε στην ατοµική ψυχοθεραπεία είναι επιλεκτικό µε στοιχεία ψυχοδυναµικής γνωσιακής και συστεµικής κατεύθυνσης σε σχέση µε τις ανάγκες κάθε ατόµου και της οµάδας ως όλου. Ο βασικός στόχος στην ατοµική ψυχοθεραπεία είναι να ενισχυθεί η «επανεκπαίδευση του εγώ εν δράσει» µέσα από την θεραπευτική διαδικασία καθώς και η σχέση του εγώ, άλλους, και κοινωνία στη διάρκεια των τριών φάσεων της ψυχοθεραπείας: την αρχή, τη µέση και το τέλος. Μέσα λοιπόν από την ανάγκη του ατόµου για µια επιδιορθωτική συναισθηµατική εµπειρία µαζί µε την συµβολοποίηση και αποσυµβολοποίηση των βιωµάτων του, ο θεραπευόµενος προχωρεί σε οµαδική ψυχοθεραπεία ύστερα από συνεννόηση και συµφωνία µε τον θεραπευτή. Οι οµάδες είναι ανοιχτές, ψυχοδυναµικής κατεύθυνσης βραδέως εναλλασσόµενες... Ο κύριος θεραπευτικός στόχος είναι η ενίσχυση του απογαλακτισµού από την ατοµική ψυχοθεραπεία καθώς και η επικοινωνία του ατόµου µε τους άλλους. Παράλληλα, ενισχύεται η σηµασία που δίνει κανείς στο «εδώ και τώρα» σε αντίθεση µε το «εκεί και τότε». Συµπερασµατικά στην οµαδική ψυχοθεραπεία το άτοµο ενισχύεται στην ανάπτυξη της ωριµαντικης του διαδικασίας in vivo (maturation process). Στα πλαίσια λοιπόν της ψυχοθεραπευτικής δουλειάς που γίνεται στο χώρο µας, εκτός της λεκτικής ψυχοθεραπευτικής ανάλυσης χρησιµοποιούµε και συνδυάζουµε ψυχοθεραπευτικές τεχνικές εικαστικής θεραπείας, δραµατοθεραπειας και µουσικοθεραπείας. Οι σκέψεις µας παίρνουν σχήµα, τα συναισθήµατα µας έχουν χρώµα και µουσική... Όλα όσα δηµιουργούµε και µοιραζόµαστε, µπορούν να αλλάξουν µορφή µέσα από τα µάτια των υπολοίπων µελών της οµάδας. Γίνεται έτσι ένα παιχνίδι που οδηγεί στην κάθαρση. Οδηγεί σε αγάπη και αποδοχή για τα φωτεινά, σκοτεινά εσωτερικά µας κοµµάτια. Ο οµαδικός κύκλος ενισχύει την επαγρύπνηση του εαυτού µεταµορφωµένη σε µια απελευθερωτική εµπειρία όπου συνυπάρχει η εµπιστοσύνη στην α) έκφραση β) στην αυτογνωσία και γ) στην ικανότητα για ευχαρίστηση µεσώ δηµιουργικών τεχνικών. S2 Music Therapy Programs in Alzheimer s Patients MAKRI, D.,¹ MAKRIS, I.² ¹ Psychologist, Educationalist ² Psychologist, Musician, Conductor Ενώ στις µέρες µας υπάρχουν πολύπλοκα φάρµακα και θεραπείες η µουσική, ως εναλλακτική θεραπεία µπορεί να χρησιµοποιηθεί στους πάσχοντες από Alzheimer s γιατί µπορεί να προσαρµοστεί στις ανάγκες τους, κάτι που άλλα ερεθίσµατα δε κάνουν. Η δύναµη µιας µουσικοθεραπευτικής αγωγής βρίσκεται στον καλό προσδιορισµό των θεραπευτικών προτεραιοτήτων και στόχων. Οι θεραπευτικοί στόχοι χρειάζεται να εξαγγέλλουν µε σαφήνεια το επιθυµητό και αναµενόµενο

10 αποτέλεσµα και να συνοδεύονται από αντιίστοιχα εργαλεία αξιολόγησης. Συνεπώς, στην παρούσα εισήγηση προτείνουµε ένα µουσικοθεραπευτικό πρόγραµµα για πάσχοντες από Alzheimer s που περιλαµβάνει πέντε οµαδοποιηµένες κατηγορίες στόχων και τους αντίστοιχους πίνακες αξιολόγησης της προόδου των. Φυσικά, επειδή οι ανάγκες των πασχόντων από Alzheimer s ποικίλλουν, χρειάζεται οι στρατηγικές θεραπείας και οι πίνακες αξιολόγησης της προόδου να εξατοµικεύονται, ακόµα και όταν η µουσικοθεραπεία πραγµατοποιείται σε οµάδες. S2 Emersion of Familial Transactions though Chlidren s Drawings SIMOPOULOU, A., ZERVOUDAKI, E. Nursery Dpt., University of Ioannina Η παρούσα έρευνα διεξήχθη από το Μάρτιο ως το Μάιο του 2005 σε ηµιαστικές περιοχές του Ν. Χανίων. Μελετήθηκαν 130 παιδιά έξι ως δώδεκα ετών. Σκοπός της ήταν η αξιολόγηση της οικογενειακής λειτουργικότητας. Για τη διερεύνηση χρησιµοποιήθηκε η µέθοδος της Εστιακής Αξιολόγησης: σύνδεση της εικόνας που εµφανίζει το παιδί µε τις συνθήκες που επικρατούν στην οικογένεια και τις προηγούµενες εµπειρίες παιδιών και γονέων. Τα στοιχεία αντλήθηκαν µέσω του οικογενειακού ιστορικού, ατοµικές συνεντεύξεις των µελών της, συνεντεύξεις κοντινών προσώπων(δασκάλων παιδιών) και το παιδικό ιχνογράφηµα. Στη παρουσίαση αυτή θα δοθεί βαρύτητα στη ζωγραφική των παιδιών. Είναι ευρύτερα αποδεκτό, ότι µέσω αυτής της τέχνης τα παιδιά εκφράζονται και επικοινωνούν µε τους άλλους καθώς τους δίνεται η δυνατότητα να προβάλουν άµεσα βιώµατά τους εικονοποιώντας τα(bateson, 1982). To θέµα που τους δόθηκε ήταν: "Η οικογένειά µου κι εγώ". Στο τέλος ζητήθηκε από το κάθε παιδί ξεχωριστά να ερµηνεύσει το περιεχόµενο των σχεδίων του. Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσµάτων έδωσε στοιχεία που αφορούν και τις επτά κύριες διαστάσεις της οικογενειακής συναλλαγής: Συναισθηµατικό κλίµα, επικοινωνία, όρια, συµµαχίες, σταθερότητα και προσαρµοστικότητα, επάρκεια οικογένειας και σχέσεις µε το περιβάλλον. S3 Difficulties of Integration and Equivalent Confrontation of Cahlildren, Adolescents and Young Adults that are Entertained in Hospices BARDANI, E., STAMOU, E. Therapeutic Apartments, Pedopsychiatric Hospital of Attiki Η υπερπροστατευτική, η αµυντική και η ενοχική συµπεριφορά των ατόµων µε τους οποίους συναλλάσονται τα παιδιά, οι εφήβων και οι νεαροί ενήλίκες µε ψυχική διαταραχή, που φιλοξενούνται σε ξενώνες, δηµιουργούν πρόσθετες δυσκολίες στην κοινωνικοποίηση, την ένταξη και την ισότιµη εκπαίδευση τους, όπως για παράδειγµα: Στο σχολείο : οι καθηγητές κάνουν έρανο χωρίς λόγο για να δώσουν τα χρήµατα στην µαθήτρια! Βγαίνουν µαζί της για καφέ! της ψωνίζουν ρούχα και κινητό!!! Με αποτέλεσµα τα παιδιά οι έφηβοι και οι νεαροί ενήλικες να θεωρούν ότι όλα είναι δεδοµένα ( το φαγητό, η στέγη, το χαρτζιλίκι). Πόσο αυτό µπορεί να γίνει εµπόδιο στην ανεξάρτητη ένταξή τους στην κοινωνία; S3 Children s Psychiatry in the General Hospital of Mitilini, : Course, Experience and aresults of its 16- month Operation FRERIS, G., SCHINARAKI, G., ANDREADELI, V., DINIAKOS, P. Pedopsychiatric Dpt., General Hospital of Mitilini Η εξέλιξη της λειτουργίας του Παιδοψυχιατρικού περνάει µέσα από διάφορα αναπτυξιακά στάδια, που είναι αποτέλεσµα της αλληλεπίδρασης διαφόρων παραγόντων όπως: 1. το ειδικό πολιτισµικό περιβάλλον της Μυτιλήνης 2. τις δυνατότητες του συγκεκριµένου εργασιακού πλαισίου, 3. τις γνώσεις που διαθέτουµε 4. την προσωπικότητα της υπό ανάπτυξη διεπιστηµονικής οµάδας. Καταγράφονται οι τοµείς και τα στοιχεία της 16µηνης λειτουργίας του: 1. επιστηµονικά (κατανοµή προσέλευσης κατά φύλο και ηλικίες, αιτήµατα και διαγνώσεις), 2. διοικητικά («Ψυχαργώς» ( ) & Β Φάση ( ), πρόβλεψη για το Β. Αιγαίο δύο Κ.Ψ.Υ. µε τα αντίστοιχα Ιατροπαιδαγωγικά) 3. οικονοµικά (Χρηµατοδότηση από το Γ Κ.Π.Σ., Επιχειρησιακό Πρόγραµµα «Υγεία-Πρόνοια» ), στα οποία στηρίχθηκε η ανάπτυξη της α φάσης λειτουργίας του Παιδοψυχιατρικού. ιαπιστώνεται ότι: 1.είναι σε δυναµική ανάπτυξη η υλοποίηση Παιδοψυχιατρικών υπηρεσιών στο Νοµό Λέσβου (198 α περιπτώσεις τον 1 ο χρόνο λειτουργίας, άνω των 900 ωριαίων επανεξετάσεων, ανάπτυξη διασυνδετικής, κοινοτικού δικτύου σε συνεργασία µε άλλους αντίστοιχους φορείς όπως το Κ..Α.Υ., εκπαιδευτικών προγραµµάτων κ.α) 2. Λόγω του υψηλού δείκτου ευαισθητοποίησης του πληθυσµού σε θέµατα ψυχικής υγείας υπάρχει ευκολία πρόσβασης στην υπηρεσία, µε αποτέλεσµα να ανοίγει η «ψαλίδα» αιτηµάτων ποιότητας παροχής των υπηρεσιών και να διογκώνονται οι ανάγκες. S3 Play as Potential Space and Secondary Reality SIDIROPOULOU, M.,¹ MANIA, V.² ¹ Teacher ² Literature Teacher ΤΟ ΠΑΙΧΝΙ Ι ΩΣ ΥΝΗΤΙΚΟΣ ΧΩΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΥΤΕΡΕΥΟΥΣΑ ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ Οι πρώτες µορφές παιχνιδιού και δηµιουργίας διευκολύνουν το άτοµο στη βρεφική και νηπιακή ηλικία να ανακαλύψει τον αληθινό εαυτό του. Σύµφωνα µε τον Donald Winnicott το παιχνίδι είναι µια βασική µορφή ζωής και τα µεταβατικά αντικείµενα στα πλαίσια του δυνητικού χώρου καθοριστικής σηµασίας για τη µετάβαση από το ωκεάνιο αίσθηµα (Freud) της βρεφικής ηλικίας στη συνείδηση του εαυτού. Η εν λόγω µελέτη θα πραγµατευτεί, σε πρώτο επίπεδο, τη λειτουργία του δυνητικού χώρου και τη σηµασία του µεταβατικού παιχνιδιού για την ψυχική υγεία και ανακάλυψη του Εγώ. Η αναπτυξιακή πορεία του παιχνιδιού (Mahler) οδηγείται σταδιακά στο εκτεταµένο παιχνίδι ρόλων από τον 30ό µήνα και εξής. Κατά τη θεώρηση της κοινωνικής αλληλεπίδρασης η γένεση του εαυτού συνδέεται µε τη διαρκώς αυξανόµενη ικανότητα ανάληψης ρόλου του εξειδικευµένου «άλλου» αρχικά, και του γενικευµένου «άλλου» αργότερα. Στην ενήλικη ζωή, πλέον, ο µόνος αποδεκτός λόγος που παίζουµε είναι η διασκέδαση Στο δεύτερο µέρος της µελέτης, έχοντας ως βάση τη διαµόρφωση ενός πλέγµατος οργανωµένων συµπεριφορών που προκύπτει από τη µετάβαση από το play stage σε game stage (Mead) θα επιχειρηθεί από κοινωνιολογική θέαση, ένας καθολικός ορισµός του παιχνιδιού ως δραστηριότητας µυθοπλαστικής, περιχαρακωµένης χρονικά και τοπικά σε µια ιδιάζουσα δευτερεύουσα

11 πραγµατικότητα. (Gallois, 2001). Η µελέτη θα παρουσιάσει, επίσης, στη σύσταση που παρουσιάζουν οι παιγνιώδεις συναντήσεις (Goffman,1996) και στους όρους που τις διέπουν εστιάζοντας στους κανόνες συνάφειας, στη µεµβράνη αλληλεπίδρασης, στη διανοµή των ρόλων και τη διακύµανση από ηρεµία σε ένταση. S4 Experiencaes Seeking Traditional and Orthodox Treatment for Psychiatric Issues in Nigeria TAYLOR-RICHARDSON, K. (USA) Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee A combination of orthodox (Western medicine) and traditional medicine (tribal or indigenous treatment) has become the norm of treatment for many in the developing world, impacting the way in which they seek care. The purpose of this project is to investigate the use of traditional medicine and orthodox medicine in mental health treatment and the resultant effects on healthseeking behavior for mental health issues in Nigeria. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with eight women, eight men, one male psychiatrist and one male herbalist/traditional healer from the three major tribes Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Data were collected in 2005 in Jos, Nigeria. Content analysis identified three major themes, stigma, cure-seeking, and tribal beliefs. Fear of stigma prevented people from consulting orthodox treatment. Participants reported orthodox medicine failed in offering a cure for mental health problems where traditional healers had been successful. Participants consulted traditional healers for mental health problems they reported were related to possession of malevolent spirits and sought ought orthodox care when they knew of others that were successfully treated by orthodox practitioners. Tribal affiliation influenced interpretation of mental health problems. Curative versus ameliorative treatments were the essential difference in traditional healing and orthodox treatment, respectively. References Allen, M., Naka, K., & Ishizu, H. (2004). Attacked by the gods or by mental illness? Hybridzing mental and spiritual health in Okinawa. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 7(2), Ayonrinde, O., Gureje, O., Lawal, R. (2004). Psychiatric research in Nigeria: Bridging tradition and modernization. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, Crawford, T.A., Lipsedge, M. (2004). Seeking help for psychological distress: The interface of Zulu traditional healing and Western biomedicine. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 7(2), Dein, S. (2003). Psychogenic death: Individual effects of sorcery and taboo violation. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 6(3), Ensink, K. & Robertson, D. (1999). Patient and family experiences of psychiatric services and African indigenous healers. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(1), Hines-Martin, Malone, Sanggil, & Piper-Brown. (2003). Barriers to mental health care access in an African American population. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24, Isichei, H.U., Egbuchulam, C.J. (1991). The positive aspects of traditional healing in psychiatry. West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research, 9/10, Maharajh, H.D. & Parasram, R. (1999). The practice of psychiatry in Trinidad and Tobago. International Review of Psychiatry, 11(2/3), Murguía, A., Peterson, R.A., & Zea, M.C. (2003). Use and implications of ethnomedical approaches among Central American immigrants. Health and Social Work, 28(1), Seedat, S., Stein, D.J., Berk, M., & Wilson, Z. (2002). Barriers to treatment among members of a mental health advocacy group in South Africa. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, Snowden, L.R. (2001). Barriers to effective mental health services for African Americans. Mental Health Services Research, 3(4), Stewart, D.W., & Shamdasani, P.N. (1990). Focus groups: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Puckree, T., Mkhize, M., Mgobhozi, Z., Lin, J. (2002). African traditional healers: What health care professionals need to know. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 25, Uyanga, J. (1979). The characteristics of patients of spiritual healing homes and traditional doctors in South-eastern Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine, 13A, World Health Organization. (2001). The World Health Report Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. Accessed February 18, S4 Sommatization and Somatised Mental Disorders EL RUFAIE, O. (United Arab Emirates) Chairman, Psychiatry Dpt, Faculty of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University The concept of somatisation and the erroneous and misleading use of other medical terms as synonymous to somatisation will be briefly outlined. Al-Ain primary care study on somatised mental disorder will be described. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of somatised mental disorder (SMD) in comparison to psychologised mental disorder (PMD) among a sample of United Arab Emirates primary health care patients. The estimated prevalence rate of SMD among the total screened sample was 12%. SMD patients constituted 48% of the psychiatric patients identified, whereas, for the PMD group, the estimate was 42%. Educational level was significantly lower among the SMD group. Headache, backache, and abdominal pain were the most commonly presented somatic symptoms. Somatised mental disorder symptoms were commonly multiple and pursued a chronic and persistent course. A comparison is made between the diagnostic entities and severity of illness in SMD and in PMD. The aetiology of somatisation is most likely multifactorial, and the presenting patients constitute a variable and heterogenous group of patients. It is crucial for clinicians to identify the phenomenon and describe the psychopathology in precise terms so as to make valid and meaningful diagnoses

12 S5 Challenges of Paarenthood in the XXI Century POLOVINA, N. (Serbia & Mont/gro) Institute for Educational Research, Belgrade The main theme of this paper is an attempt to clarify from a point of a researcher, thinker and practitioner the complex issue of parenthood in the rapidly changing context of living. First part of the paper explores three basic aspects of parenthood (as intimate experience, social role and educational endeavor) verses social history, new economies and everyday living, as well as different sexes and different generations. In the second part of paper parenthood as intimate experience is thoroughly elaborated with reference to the challenges and dilemmas of living in the modern world, particularly dilemmas on becoming the parent. The base for this part of work is created upon two kinds of researches: (1) action type of research conducted in 1998/9 on the sample of 160 adults (kindergarten staff and parents); (2) research with cross-sectional design conducted in 2002/3 on the sample of 210 subjects of both sexes and in the three age groups (adolescents, young adults, adults). In the third part of paper new perspective is developed and new conceptual frame for enriching concept of parenthood is proposed. References: Belsky, J. (1997). Attachment, mating, and parenting an evolutionary interpretation. Human Nature-an Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective, Vol 8, Iss 4, pp Bereczkei,T., Voros, S., Gal, A., Bernath, L. (1997). Resource, Attractiveness, Family commitment- reproductive decion in Human Mate Choice. Ethnology, Vol 103, Iss 8, pp Blagojeviζ, M. (1996). Roditeljstvo kao smisao. Socijalna misao br. 9-10, atr EpΉtajn, M. (2001). Oθinstvo (prevod sa ruskog), Aurora, Novi Sad Fagan, J., Hawkins, A. (2001) Clinical and Educational interventions with fathers. The Haworth press, NewYork-London- Oxford Fox, GL., C. Bruce (2001). Conditional Fatherhood - Identity Theory and Parental Investment Theory as Alternative Sources of Explanation of Fathering. Journal of marriage andthe family, Vol. 63, Is. 2, pp Gilligan, C. (2001). In a Different Voice Psychilogical Theory and Women s Developement. (trideset sedmo izdanje, prvo izdanje 1982) Harvard: Harvard University Press. Jacques, J.M. (1998). Changing marital and family patterns A test of the postmodern perspective. Sociological Perspectives, Vol 41, Iss 2, pp Kennedy, P. (1992/1994) Preparing for The Twenty-first Centery, Fontana Press Kenrick. D.T., Norman P. L., Butner,J. (2003). Dynamical evolutionary psychology: Individual decision rules and emergent normas. Psychological Review, Vol.110, No 1, str Lazarus, L. (1991) Emotion and Adaptation, Oxford University Press, New York McGoldrick, M. (1991). Women Throught the Family Life Cycle. In M. McGoldric, C. M. Anderson, & F. Walsh (Eds.), Women in Families (str ). Norton & Company, Inc., New York - London S5 Foster Care Family & Family of Origin: Understanding and Dealing with Loyalty Conflict CARBONE, A., Foster Care Dpt, District of Mariano Comense (CO), VILLASANTA DELL OLIO F., Psychologist Facing family situations characterised by inadequate attachment bonds and development damages concerning small children, the Authors are presenting issues professionals in foster care are frequently asked to deal with when placing a child in a family different from the one of his/her origin. On the one hand, among other things, foster care is supposed to: a. offer the child the necessary care for his/her development without losing the link with the family of origin, & b. give the child the safe emotional basis he/she needs to grow and to cope with daily life issues. On the other hand, even in the most positive foster care cases, the child is bound to face the double family belonging and the problems connected to it: idealisation of the foster parents, the indebt-ness position towards them, the contrast between infantile and developmental needs, the conflict between attachment and letting go, the loyalty conflict between foster family and family of origin. The above issues have to be dealt with both during individual encounters with the child and counselling sessions with the foster care family so to prevent the onset of crisis situations which can damage the complex network of relations foster care is supposed to nurture. Facing family situations characterised by inadequate attachment bonds and development damages concerning small children, the Authors are presenting issues professionals in foster care are frequently asked to deal with when placing a child in a family different from the one of his/her origin. On the one hand, among other things, foster care is supposed to: a. offer the child the necessary care for his/her development without losing the link with the family of origin, & b. give the child the safe emotional basis he/she needs to grow and to cope with daily life issues. On the other hand, even in the most positive foster care cases, the child is bound to face the double family belonging and the problems connected to it: idealisation of the foster parents, the indebt-ness position towards them, the contrast between infantile and developmental needs, the conflict between attachment and letting go, the loyalty conflict between foster family and family of origin. The above issues have to be dealt with both during individual encounters with the child and counselling sessions with the foster care family so to prevent the onset of crisis situations which can damage the complex network of relations foster care is supposed to nurture. S5 Perceived Parental Feedback and it s Correlation to Young-Adolescents Self-Concaept and Self-Esteem: Differences in Relation to Cendear and School Grade TSAKALIS, P. (Greece) Adjunct Professor, Pedagogic Dpt., University of Ioannina Family relations play a very significant role in the formation of personality aspects. Parents (Ps), are significant persons in the lives of young adolescents (YAs). Consequently, they affect, intentionally or accidentally, YAs beliefs and desires, influencing thus their self-concept (SC) and self-esteem (SE). Our main concern is the study of the correlation between perceived parental feedback (PPF) and YAs SC and SE as well as any probable differences in relation to gender and school grade. The research

13 sample consists of approximately 2,450 YAs (aged 11-14) from Epirus, Greece. SC and SE were measured using the Greek standardization of Susan Harter s Self-Perception Competence Scales, slightly enhanced with a few more items, while PPF was measured by a scale consisting of 12 relevant items. All factors were verified by factor analysis, and they have been found highly reliable (Cronbach s alpha: SC s=0.88, SE s=0.78, PPF s=0.82). The correlation of YAs PPF and their SC (p<=0.001) and SE (p<=0.001) is statistically significant, while further analysis reveals differences in relation to gender and school grade. These findings highlight the importance of promoting and establishing a positive relation of mutual understanding and respect between Ps and YAs, regardless of any difficulties, in order to prevent unnecessary negative feedback and consequent psychoemotional disturbances. Ps should be aware of the significance of their role and actions and must be trained to support their sons/daughters personality formation process. Seemingly, YAs must be taught and encouraged to use self-enhancing techniques to sustain positive SC and high SE, averting any encumbering factors. S6 Training of Cognitive Processes & Transfer in Alzheimer s Disease TSANTALI, E.,¹ TSOLAKI, M.,² EFKLIDES, A.,¹ KIOSSEOGLOU, G.¹ (Greece) ¹ School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ² The Greek Association of Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders 3 rd Department of Neurological Clinic, G. Papanikolaou Hospital Recent research evidence suggests that the effect of cognitive rehabilitation in Alzheimer s disease (AD) may be evident even 2 years after the training (Clare, 2000). We applied a cognitive intervention program targeting naming ability of AD patients and followed up the effects after six months of the end of the program. We measured the effect on trained and non trained cognitive processes. One sample comprised 11 patients with probable AD and another one comprised 10 normal elderly. These were the two experimental groups that received training on naming. There were also 11 probable AD and 10 normal elderly who acted as control groups; they received no naming training. All the participants were matched in terms of age and education. The two experimental groups and the two control groups were matched between them with respect to MMSE. The diagnosis of AD was based on clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging data. The effects of training were measured immediately after the training period and 6 months after the end of it. The positive effect of training was maintained at the follow up and there was transfer to non trained cognitive processes only in the experimental group of AD patients. Generalization was detected in measures of semantic memory, working memory, episodic memory, verbal fluency, attention, and concentration. The possible reasons for the transfer and the differences between normal and AD patients are discussed. Key words: cognitive training program, transfer of training, Alzheimer's disease S6 The Center of Caognitive and Psychological Rehaabilitation of the Greek Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders Association in Thessaloniki KOUNTI, F.,¹ TSOLAKI, M.,² POPSI, E.,¹ BAKOGLIDOU, E.,³ TSIAKIRI, A.,¹ AGOGIATOU, Ch.,¹ KARAGIOZI, K.,¹ RIROPOULOU, S.,⁴ MICHAILIDIS, K. ¹ (Greece) ¹ School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ² School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki The Greek Association of Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders ³ The Greek Association of Alzheimer s Disease and Related Disorders ⁴ 2 nd Hospital of the Institution of Social Welfare, Thessaloniki The centre of cognitive and psychological rehabilitation of the Greek Alzheimer s Association in Thessaloniki, was designed to meet the need of creating a place where the cognitive and psychological disorders of Alzheimer s disease might be more completely understood and treated. The centre had to reach several aims, concerning the demented patient and the caregiver: to evaluate the cognitive and behavioural deficits,to maintain and improve the cognitive performance, to reduce stress and depression, to strengthen shelf-respect and shelf-esteem, to provide orientation in time, place and person and to help socialization and mobility. The therapeutic approaches provided include: *neuropsychological assessment *cognitive interventions for the improvement of orientation, memory, attention and language *motion-therapy for the stimulation of cognitive functions *relaxation, massage and mental imagery for the body and mind care *counselling and psychotherapy techniques individually or in a group *education on the disease and remediation of attitudes towards the disease S7 Creativity within Workgroups RASULZADA, F.,¹ JOHANSON, D.,¹ DACKERT, I.² (Sweden) ¹ Department of Psychology, Lund University ² Malmö University The aim of the study was to explore the concept of creativity within a group of development engineers. Critical incidence Technique was used to collect incidents from 16 participants. These incidents were reported by the respondents as critical to their experience of creativity. 10 critical stories about situations that foster and hamper creativity were collected from each participant. The incidents were analyzed with ATLAS to generate knowledge about the conditions and circumstances under which creativity is experienced. The results pointed at creativity as one of the most important competencies for engineers, needed in every aspect of their job and associated with better psychological well-being in terms of happiness and enthusiasm. S7 Study of Relationship Between Self-Satisfaction and Power of Leadership

14 HASSANZABEH, R., FAGHANI, K., SOGHRA SINA, F. (Iran) Psychology Dpt, Islamic Azad University, Sari-branch The purpose of this research is study of relationship between self satisfaction and power of leadership. In present research two variables was compared between Indian and Iranian students. Research method is correlation. The statistical sample are 700 (350 Indian, 350 Iranian students). Sampling method is random. To collect data two questionnaire was used: A) self satisfaction, and B) power of leadership. In this study seven hypotheses was tested. The results showed that: 1)There is a relationship between self satisfaction and power of leadership (r = 0/95, p < %1). 2) Self satisfaction is different between Indian and Iranian students (t = 8/15, p < %1). 3) Power of leadership is different between Indian and Iranian students (t = 5/56, p < %1). 4) Self satisfaction isn t different between female and male Indian students (t = 1/82, p > %1). 5) Power of leadership isn t different between female and male Indian students (t = 1/.18, p > %1). 6) Self satisfaction isn t different between female and male Iranian students (t = 0/535, p > %1). 7) Power of leadership isn t different between female and male Iranian students (t = 1/2, p > %1). S8 Imaginary Companions and Mental Abilities: An Evaluation of Theory of Mind and Emotion Comprehension GIMINEZ-DASI, M., PONS, F. (Spain) Psychology Dpt, National University of Education, Madrid At the beginning of the XXth century, children who had Imaginary Companions were thought to be emotionally disturbed or lacking affection and care (Green, 1922; Wickes, 1927). On the contrary, studies made during the last decades have shown that children with Imaginary Companions seem to be socially more competent and more creative and intelligent (Taylor, 1999; Gleason, Jarudi & Cheek, 2003). Nevertheless, these studies do not evaluate in detail children s social or mentalist abilities. The main aim of this work was to carry out a complete and meticulous evaluation of children s theory of mind and emotion understanding. For that purpose, we selected a sample of 50 Spanish girls and boys between 4 and 6 years of age 25 had an Imaginary Companion and 25 had not. All children were tested with the Theory of Mind Test and the New Test of Emotion Comprehension (Pons & Harris, 2000, 2002). These two tests allowed a large evaluation from elementary components of the theory of mind and emotion understanding like perspective taking or identification of basic emotions to much more complex like second order false belief or mixed emotions. The results will be discussed in terms of the differences between both groups. S8 Life Skills for Young Adults with Learning Disabilities DEREKA, M. (UK) Special Teacher, PhD University of London This study looks at the influence of normalisation on the practice of teachers in adult training centres (ATCs) in Greece and more specifically at the curricula used in ATCs in Greece for young adults with learning disabilities. It examines whether the centre curriculum emphasises the teaching of social and life skills through activities outside the learning environment, and the kinds of difficulty that teachers face during the teaching of these skills. Data were gathered through interview and questionnaire, and are presented by content analysis, for the interviews, and analysed by descriptive quantitative methods wherever possible. A total of 44 Greek teachers from ATCs were interviewed. Results suggest that teachers avoid teaching life and social skills that relate to activities outside the ATC. Students visit mainly local shops and far fewer theatres, cinemas and public buildings. Additionally, in most of the visits students remain passive attendants without learning much in the way of life skills. Teachers obstacles to teaching life and social skills outside ATCs are mainly lack of assistance, lack of time and lack of parents co-operation. Generally, it is difficult for teachers to reduce teaching time in the classroom and give the students the opportunity to apply their knowledge outside the classroom. S9 An Investigation of the relationship between Educational Performance and Mental Health among High School Students in Kerman Province DORTAJ, F.,¹ TALEBIAN, Y.,² MOHAMMADIAN, M.N.,³ GHAEMI, F.⁴ ¹ Professor, Kerman Shahid Bahonar University ² Professor, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology ³ Kerman Shahid Bahonar University ⁴Kerman Medical Science University To investigate the relationship between educational performance and mental health among the high school students, 628 participants from a group of gifted, governmental-distinguished, Shahed, nonprofit, and normal schools in Kerman Province were randomly selected and responded to Educational Performance Test and General Health Questionnaire. Results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between educational performance and mental health. It was also revealed that the male participants' mental health was higher than that of the female ones. Moreover, the governmental-distinguished students had a lower mental health status than the other groups. However, although the gifted schools students had the highest level of mental health, but they were at the lowest level of educational performance. S9 Avoiding Trauma in Children with Learning Differences THANOPOULOU, G.,¹ PATTAKOU, E. (Greece) ¹ Counselling Psychologist, Harvard University Director of Counseling & Career Center

15 This paper/presentation we will analyze how children with Learning Differences (disabilities such as dyslexia) are marginalized at school and in their every day lives and how we as counselors and educators can support them psychologically and academically to overcome their difficulties. It will focus on the psychological and academic profile of these children, emphasizing the vicious cycle that blocks their learning and limits their everyday relationships. These students often feel inadequate and are labeled "lazy", "indifferent" and even that they have a low IQ. As a result they develop low self-esteem, a confused sense of self, adopt delinquent behavior and use "masks" to cover up their academic inabilities. Our belief is that they need psychological and academic support in order to understand that their low scholastic performance is not a result of low intelligence or indifference but a result of a difference in learning due to neurological or emotional disturbances, speech difficulties, and sensory deficit within their brain or heredity. In this paper we will present the psychological and academic work that we do at the Counseling/Resource Center of the International School of Athens(ISA), where an organized team of educational psychologists, learning specialists, counseling psychologists and sensitive teachers can support the students to build a strong self-esteem and learn to appreciate themselves. As a result, our students are able to learn better and become well balanced, happy, mature, life-long learners and empathic human beings. References Davis, Ronald D. The Gift of Dyslexia. Why some of the Brightest People Can't Read and How They Can Learn. London: Souvenir Press, Gardner, Howard, The Unschooled Mind, How Children Think & How Schools Teach, Basic Books, New York, 1991 Gardner Howard, Frames of Mind, Basic Books, New York, 1988 Goleman, Daniel, Emotional Intelligence, New York: Bantam Books,1994 Mcloughlin, David, et al. Adult Dyslexia, Assessment, Counseling and Training, London: Whurr Publishers, Reid Galvin, Dyslexia, A Practitioner's Handbook, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Schmidt, John, Counseling in Schools, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1993 Smith, Sally, No Easy Answers, The Learning Disabled Child at Home and at School, New York: Bantam Books, S12 Effects of Implementation Intentions on Controlling the Social Anxiety Symptoms ABDOLHOSSEIN, A. (Indonesia) Psychology Dpt, Islamic Azad University Zarand branch, Jakarta Two experiments examined whether implementation intentions may have any positive effects in controlling the symptoms of social anxiety. In Exp 1, 143 participants assigned to the implementation intentions (IMIN), goal intentions (GOIN) and no instructions (NOIN) conditions received (did not receive) instructions on how to control a negative emotion (i.e., social anxiety) in a prospective encounter with other persons. Participants in the GOIN condition formed goal intentions regarding the situation and participants in the NOIN condition received no instructions. Following the encounter, the participants' physiological reactions were recorded. Also, they responded to a scale assessing anxiety. In Exp 2, 115 participants assigned to the three conditions received (did not receive) instructions on how to control their social anxiety in a prospective encounter with other persons; however, in this experiment all participants were instructed to encode a 8-digit number while encountering the anxiety-provoking situation. Again, the participants' physiological reactions were recorded and they responded to a scale assessing anxiety. Results indicated that in both experiments, the participants taking part in the IMIN conditions had a lower level of physiological reactivity than those in the GOIN and NOIN conditions. Also, the effects were more salient under divided than focused attention. S12 Effect of Body Image of Self-Esteem DORTAJ, F.,¹ GHAEMI, F.² (Iran) ¹ Institute of Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran ² Iran Medical Sciences University, Tehran To examine the effect of body image on self-esteem, 180 male and female undergraduates from a university in Iran participated. The participants were assigned to three groups: Those who underwent nose plastic surgery, those willing to undergo nose plastic surgery, and those having undergone no nose plastic surgery. They responded to a series of measures including Kraus and Kraus self and body image scale, and Cooper-Smith self-esteem scale. Results indicated that nose plastic surgery had no effect on self-esteem, but it actually had an effect on body-image and self-image. Also, it was revealed that participants without any nose plastic surgery had a higher level of self-esteem. However, it was observed that there was a positive association among self-esteem, body-image and self-image. It can be concluded that considering personality factors in evaluating the nose plastic surgery is illuminating both for patients and surgeons. The findings are discussed in terms of the new theories focusing on self-esteem, body-image and self-image. S12 Comparative Study of Psychological, Medical & Compact Models for Iranian Students with Panic Symptoms KAMARZARIN, H.¹ (Iran), Ahmad, H.² (India) ¹ Human Sciences Dpt, Islamic Azad University of Dezfoul ² Professor, Dean of Social Science Faculty, Aligarh University Since the aim of the present research is to study the extend to while students manifesting panic symptoms respond to three different treatment condition, the researcher will identify students manifesting PA symptoms.four groups will be formed(n=60 age yrs,32 male 28 female), one group will be expected to psychological intervention, the second to medical intervention,the third to a combination of psychological and medical intervention, The fourth will be the control

16 group and will not be exposed to any form of intervention at this stage.after the present work is completed this group of subjects will be given the benefit of treatment according to their need. Results report follow hypotheses: 1- there is significant differences between panic symptoms and panic attacks before and after treatments 2-there is significant difference between symptoms reduction on 3 methods of treatments 3-there is relationship between grade of subjects and panic symptoms frequencies. 4-there is relationship between sessions of treatment and panic symptoms rate S13 Adolescents Immigrants: The Vulnerable Foreigners STATHAKOS, P.,¹ KONTOGEORGOPOULOU, L.,² GRIGORIADOU, Α.³ Hellenic Centre of Mental Halth and Research ¹ Clinical Psychologist ² Sociologist ³ Child Psychiatrist Ο αγώνας του εφήβου για διαµόρφωση ταυτότητας και αυτονοµία σηµατοδοτεί µια κρίσιµη µεταβατική φάση στην εξέλιξη της οικογενειακής ζωής, η οποία συντελείται σ ένα διαρκώς µεταβαλλόµενο ευρύτερο κοινωνικό πλαίσιο. Οι αντιφάσεις και οι αντιξοότητες που αντιµετωπίζουν οι έφηβοι σ αυτή την αναπτυξιακή τους πορεία, µέσα στη σύγχρονη ελληνική κοινωνία, γίνονται πιο σύνθετες και πιο έντονες για τους µετανάστες εφήβους. Στην εργασία εξετάζονται οι περιπτώσεις µεταναστών αλλοδαπών, οι οποίοι προσήλθαν µε θεραπευτικό αίτηµα στη Μονάδα Εφήβων του Ελληνικού Κέντρου Ψυχικής Υγιεινής και Ερευνών στην διάρκεια των οκτώ ετών λειτουργίας της δοµής (από τον Ιούνιο του 1997 έως το εκέµβριο του 2005). Στόχος της µελέτης είναι η διερεύνηση των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών και προβληµάτων αυτής της ευάλωτης οµάδας. Μελετώνται τα δηµογραφικά στοιχεία του εφήβου και της οικογένειας, ψυχοκοινωνικές παράµετροι, η πηγή και ο λόγος παραποµπής, το αίτηµα, η κλινική εικόνα και η πορεία της συνεργασίας µε την υπηρεσία. S13 Greek Dance as a Means of Integration of Immigrants MAKRI, D., MAKRIS, I. ¹ Psychologist, Educationalist ² Psychologist, Musician, Conductor Σύµφωνα µε τον Sorell (1975) η δύναµη του παροδοσιακού χορού στηρίζεται στα αισθήµατα της ένωσης του ενός µε το σύνολο των χορευτών. Και αυτή η κοινή εµπειρία είναι κάτι παραπάνω από την οµαδική απόλαυση της κίνησης, είναι µια ανάµνηση από τους αρχαϊκούς τελετουργικούς χορούς. Συνεπώς, η παρούσα εισήγηση έχει ως σκοπό της να αποδείξει ότι η εκµάθηση των ελληνικών παραδοσιακών χορών µπορεί να βοηθήσει µετανάστες ή παλλινοστούντες να ενταχθούν στην τοπική κοινότητα δίνοντάς τους ένα κοινό υπαρξιακό αίσθηµα. Η έρευνα γύρω από τους χορούς ξεκινά µε την ανεύρεση των κατηγοριών εκείνων που πληρώνουν καλύτερα τη στοχοθεσία της παρούσας έρευνας, δηλαδή την ένταξη. Από τις τέσσερεις κατηγορίες χορών: θρησκευτικοί, πολεµικοί, ερωτικοί, και πολεµικο-ερωτικοί (Λυκέσας, 1993), αυτό πετυχαίνεται καλύτερα µε τους ερωτικούς χορούς κυκλικής µορφής. Φυσικό µοναδικής αξίας είναι οι δύο γνωστοί εθνικοί ή πανελλήνιοι χοροί που είναι ο «Συρτόςκαλαµατιανός» και ο «Τσάµικος». Επιβεβαιωτικά θα γίνει συµπληρωµατικά ανάλυση µιας περίπτωσης. S13 Ideology, Health and Social Politics in the health System MARDAS, G.,¹ MARDAS, D.² ¹ Professor, University of Macedonia ² Lawyer One of the main ideological characteristics of an industrial society is the general tendency toward a rationalistic approach of the social phenomenon, by replacing many mythical thoughts with rational or scientific explanations. The explanatory elements of ideology should be rested on education, which is based on rationalism and confidence in science. At the core of the individualistic ideological approach of the social phenomenon, it is agreed that all social institutions, as well as all social events should be considered to be composed of actions and steps taken only by individual (specific) people. According to this idealistic theory, health is an economic good, just like all the other private economic goods, while individuals are considered responsible for their health condition. Marxist ideology considers the socioeconomic environment as a key factor in forming the level of health and it also places health in the category of public (or social or collective) economic goods.based on these two ideologies, as well as on the intermediate tendencies and perceptions, three main types of health systems have been formed: The model of liberal market, the national model, and the state corporate model.in this way, the qualitative and quantitative level of health services and material goods, within the framework of a corresponding social policy, shows an ideological model in the field of health. S13 Art as a non-conventional Communication Method THEODORATOU-BEKOU, M.,¹ BEKOS, V.,² ALBANIS, K.,³ PLATI, M.,⁴ FOTIADOU, S.⁵ ¹ Clinical Psychologist, Scientific Collaborator in the Social Work Dpt., ATEI of Patras ² Hagiographist, Lab Co-operator of Nursing, ATEI of Patras Social Worker ³ Painter, Architect, Sculpturer ⁴ Speech Therapist ⁵ Psychologist Ξεκινώντας από τις θέσεις του Benveniste (1939) και του Jacobson (1974) σχετικά µε τη συµβατικότητα του γλωσσικού σηµείου, θα θέλαµε να παρουσιάσουµε τις παρακάτω θέσεις βασισµένες στη διεπιστηµονική προσέγγιση της κλινικής ψυχολογίας, της ιστορίας της τέχνης, της ζωγραφικής, αλλά και της ψυχοθεραπευτικής προσέγγισης της τέχνης: 1.Η τέχνη ως φορέας ενός µηνύµατος που δεν µπορεί να εκφραστεί µε λόγια.

17 Α.Art-therapy: Α. H τέχνη (εικαστικά), ως εναλλακτική µέθοδος ψυχοθεραπείας στην προσπάθεια να προσεγγίσει και να κατανοήσει ο ειδικός κοµµάτια του ψυχισµού που δεν είναι εύκολο να αγγιχτούν µέσω των κλασσικών ψυχοθεραπευτικών µεθόδων. Το ίδιο ισχύει και µε τη µουσικοθεραπεία, δραµατοθεραπεία, παιγνιδοθεραπεία (Axline,1965, Cattanach,1984), χοροθεραπεία (Ευδοκίµου- Παπαγεωργίου,1999). Β.Ως εκ τούτου, η χρήση της τέχνης στην ψυχοθεραπεία προσφέρει στο σύγχρονο µέσο άνθρωπο τη δυνατότητα για αυτογνωσία και ανακάλυψη της προσωπικής ταυτότητας µέσω της διερεύνησης του κόσµου των συναισθηµάτων και της άµβλυνσης κάποιων προσωπικών συγκρούσεων. Γ. Επίσης, η θεραπεία µέσω τέχνης έχει αναπτυχθεί αρκετά τα τελευταία χρόνια, γιατί είναι αποτελεσµατική και σε κάποιες ιδιαίτερες κατηγορίες ατόµων: Σύµφωνα µε την κλινική εµπειρία (Winnicott,1958,1980, Dalley et al. 1984,Πολυχρονιάδου-Πρίνου,1995) η θεραπεία µέσω τέχνης θεωρείται ένα αποτελεσµατικό µέσο επικοινωνίας και θεραπευτικό µέσο στην περίπτωση ατόµων, όπως οι σχιζοφρενείς ή/ και κάποιες κατηγορίες ατόµων µε ειδικές ανάγκες.. Τέλος, µέσο θεραπευτικό, καθώς προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα έκφρασης βαθύτερων προσωπικών συναισθηµάτων (Broustra,1978, αλλά και πολιτιστικών και θρησκευτικών αξιών (Χρήστου, 1988, Λαµπράκη-Πλάκα, 1999). SATELITE SYMPOSIA SAS1 ACTIONAID HELLAS (GR) Fighting Poverty in Developing Countries. The Action Aid Approach and the Role of Civil Societies SAS2 Normal and Abnormal Cognitive Deficits in Elderly EKONOMIDIS, D.,¹ TSOLAKI, M.,² TSANTALI, E.,³ KOUNTI, F.³, SAKKA, P. (Greece) ¹ Geriatric Unit Department of Internal Medicine ² 3 rd Department of Neurological Clinic, G. Papanikolaou Hospital ³ School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece The great increasing of survival and mean of life in developed and developmental countries focused the interest of scientists on the elderly people health. For this reason this seminar disputes the normal cognitive, behavioral, functional and social changes in old age people. We are going to present the first symptoms of impaired functional and cognitive changes and differential diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment, primary neurodegenerative dementias and normal aging. Some neurodegenerative type of dementias are Alzheimer s Disease, Lewy Body Disease (LBD) and Frontal Temporal Dementia (FTD). Alzheimer s Disease, is the most often type and patients have executive disorders in their jobs, in complicated tasks even in doing familiar things. They have also naming disorders, strange behaviors, changes in their mood and personality and orientation problems. The LBD patients have visual hallucinations and movement disorders from the first beginning of the disease, though the FTD patients have different symptoms if they have Primary Progressive aphasia, Semantic Dementia or Frontal dementia. We also present the recent data about brain neuroplasticity in old age and indicate the results of the non pharmacological treatment and specifically the cognitive rehabilitation one and its effects in impaired cognitive processing as memory, attention and language. Our results from the Daily Care Centers for Alzheimer s disease in Thessaloniki suggest that we can not only retrograde the cognitive impairment in a neurodegenerative dementia in the first stages of the disease but we can also improve the general cognitive processing and maintain this improvement et least 10 months after the end of a cognitive training program. There is also a transfer of the effects of the training program to non trained cognitive processing. All these results of the Preventive Medicine promise better effects than the Pharmacological Therapeutic Strategies. ROUND TABLES RT1 Art as a Therapy and Communication Method JARDIM-MOREIRA, M.A. (Portugal) Psychology Dpt, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto My presentation has to do with my post-doctorate in Art Therapy. It will focus art as a human expression able to make a dialogical relationship between therapist and pacient. It will focus The concepts of caring ; ethics and understanding as well. Art is going to be regarded as an instrument to heel and unsderstand other`s people inner worlds. So, an hermenutical/ ethical profil of the therapist will be discussed. Finnaly, the importance of symbols will be pointed out as a means to get deeper in our evaluation and diagnosis. RT1 Music as an Expressive & Communication Method in Adolescents MAKRIS, I.,¹ MAKRI, D.² (Greece) ¹ Psychologist, Musician, Conductor ² Psychologist The purpose of the present study is to evaluate closely the way that music works as an expressive and communication method in adolescents. The sample is comprised of 100 high school students from the Experimental School of Athens for the academic year The results and conclusions of the study are assisted by statistical controls and express the degree of musical influence as an expressive and communication method in the life of the young, its role and functions as well as its usefulness. RT3 Fashion and Art: Form of Class, Colour of Glass and Aesthetic Pleasure NIKOLAKOPOULOU, E.,¹ STAURAKI, N.,¹ MAKRI, D.² ¹ Optician ² Psychologist, Educationalist

18 Η παρούσα έρευνα βασίζεται στην έρευνα των Karpowicz, Mullet (2000) οι οποίοι µελέτησαν τον κανόνα καθώς και τα επιµέρους κριτήρια που εντάσσουν το σχήµα και το χρώµα σε ένα ενιαίο κριτήριο ευχαρίστησης. Θεωρήσαµε λοιπόν ενδιαφέρον να καλύψουµε ερευνητικά τα εγχώρια δεδοµένα στο χώρο των οπτικών και να µελετήσουµε την αισθητική ευχαρίστηση που προκαλεί το χρώµα και το σχήµα των γυαλιών. Το δείγµα µας αποτελείται από 100 άτοµα (51 άνδρες και 49 γυναίκες) ηλικίας ετών. Έγιναν στατιστικές και γραφικές αναλύσεις. Τα αποτελέσµατα της έρευνας αποτελούν καθρέπτη της εποχής και µας δίνουν στοιχεία για τις σηµερινές προτιµήσεις του αγοραστικού κοινού στον τοµέα των οπτικών. Ενδεικτικά αναφέρουµε ότι το επικρατέστερο σχήµα είναι το παραλληλόγραµµο και το επικρατέστερο χρώµα το µαύρο. Στο σηµείο αυτό τίθεται το εξής ψυχολογικό ερώτηµα: γιατί αυτές οι ηλικίες δείχνουν προτίµηση στην «απουσία» χρώµατος, δηλαδή το µαύρο. Τα αποτελέσµατα της παραπάνω έρευνας είναι πολύτιµα σε όσους ασχολούνται µε την ψυχολογία της µόδας του γυαλιού καθώς και τους επαγγελµατίες και φοιτητές στο χώρο των οπτικών. R.T.3 The Chorus as Means of Treatment MAKRIS, I. Psychologist, Musician, Conductor Η χορωδία αποτελεί την ιδανική οµάδα και είναι απαραίτητο να µελετηθεί και να χρησιµοποιηθεί ως θεραπευτικό µέσο λαµβάνοντας υπόψη τους εξής άξονες µελέτης και θεραπείας: 1) τα επικοινωνιακά σχήµατα που αναπτύσσονται µεταξύ των µελών µιας χορωδίας (χορωδών), µεταξύ των χορωδών και του µαέστρου, µεταξύ των χορωδών και των ακροατών, και τέλος µεταξύ του µαέστρου και των ακροατών, 2) την άµβλυνση των γνωστικών λειτουργιών, όπως η προσοχή στην παρτιτούρα, η αντίληψη στις ενέργειες που πραγµατοποιεί ο µαέστρος, η σκέψη για την αναπαραγωγή και την εκτέλεση του µουσικού κειµένου, η όξυνση της µουσικής µνηµονικής ικανότητας, η βελτίωση της κατανόησης της «µουσικής γλώσσας», της γλώσσας δηλαδή που είναι γραµµένο το κείµενο που τραγουδάει ο µουσικός, 3) την παιδαγωγική που χρησιµοποιεί ο µαέστρος στη διδασκαλία του µουσικού κειµένου, και τέλος, 4) τη χαλάρωση που επεισέρχεται µέσω της ταυτόχρονης ερµηνείας και ακρόασης. Για το σκοπό αυτό η παρούσα µελέτη εξετάζει αναλυτικά τους τρόπους και τους τοµείς που οι παραπάνω άξονες χρησιµοποιούνται σε µια χορωδία για τη θεραπεία του καθενός πάσχοντος αξιοποιώντας τις επικοινωνιακές, παιδαγωγικές, γνωστικές αλλά και χαλαρωτικές ανάγκες του. R.T.4 Adaptation Expeiences of Turkish-Speaking Migrant Women in United Kingdom CAKIR, S.G., HATZIDIMITRIADOU, E. (UK) European Center for the Study of Migration & Social Care, Kent University The purpose of this study was to explore and describe adaptation experiences of the Turkish-speaking migrant women living in United Kingdom in terms of their acculturation strategies, social support, well-being, and some demographic characteristics. The sample included different migrant groups, from economic migrants to refugees, living in London where the largest Turkish-speaking community resides. Since there is not any study carried out on Turkish-speaking migrant women living in the UK, using survey design in this study had a particular importance in terms of generating a general description of the situation of Turkish-speaking migrant women in the UK. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 500 women living in London. The questionnaire included demographic part, some standard questionnaires and some open-ended questions as well. It was piloted with 11 women and two focus groups were carried out in London and Canterbury in order to assess cultural suitability, clarity and understanding. The initial findings based on the pilot study revealed that main concerns of Turkish-speaking women about being here as a migrant women were the culture clashes, feeling of isolation, lack of culture-specific activities and social networks. The economical and social independence and gender equality in the UK context were perceived by these women as encouraging in their self-enhancement R.T.4 Older Refugees In Exile: Needs and Service Response HATZIDIMITRIADOU, E. (UK) European Center for the Study of Migration & Social Care, Kent University Older refugees are often put at the back of the queue and are frequently overlooked by aid programmes and initiatives for asylum seekers and refugees due to their low numbers in comparison with the total refugee populations in Europe. The purpose of this study was to explore difficulties and problems of older refugees (aged 50 and over) living in UK are facing, how they cope with these difficulties, who and what supports them and what they expect from welfare service providers. Two groups of older refugees were interviewed: settled refugees who migrated to Europe between the 1970s and 1980s as adults but grew into old age while in exile, and newly arrived older refugees who migrated to Europe in the last 5 years when they were already in old age (60 years or over). Additionally, a number of service providers were interviewed regarding service provision to older refugees and awareness of the specific needs of this group. Findings indicate that there are a number of challenges older refugees face during resettlement in the UK: financial insecurity, language barriers, psychosomatic health problems, intergenerational tensions, nostalgia, cultural differences in attitudes towards death, lack of knowledge about available services in host country and difficulties in accessing them. Services for refugees or mainstream welfare provision do not address these needs. R.T.5 Principles and Strategic Planning of Growth of Children and Adolescents Mental Health Services in the Frontier Region SPIROU, S., SCHINARAKI, G. Psychiatric Clinic of the General Hospital of Mitilini ΚΑΙΝΟΤΟΜΕΣ ΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΨΥΧΙΚΗ ΥΓΕΙΑ ΜΕΣΩ ΥΛΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΩΝ. Η ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ ΤΟΥ Ν. ΛΕΣΒΟΥ Όταν το 1993 το Νοσοκοµείο Μυτιλήνης αποφάσιζε να παρέµβει δυναµικά σε θέµατα εκπαίδευσης των ψυχιατρικών αρρώστων, πέρα από την κεντρική αποστολή του, την Υγειονοµική περίθαλψη των κατοίκων της Λέσβου, ήταν γιατί ως, ο

19 µεγαλύτερος φορέας Υγείας του νοµού έπρεπε να υπηρετήσει την ΥΓΕΙΑ σε όλη της την διάσταση έτσι όπως ορίζεται από την Π.Ο.Υ. ( Υγεία δεν είναι µόνο η έλλειψη νόσου ή αναπηρίας αλλά και η Ψυχική και Κοινωνική ευεξία ) αλλά και γιατί βιώνοντας τον Γεωγραφικό αποκλεισµό, την έλλειψη άλλων φορέων, ενδεχοµένως πιο ειδικών, έπρεπε να τολµήσει να κάνει την αρχή. Τα αποτελέσµατα αυτής της δύσκολης µέχρι τώρα πορείας είναι θετικότατα αν και δύσκολα αναγνωρίσιµα και µετρήσιµα, γιατί έχουν να κάνουν µε άυλες ενέργειες, µε εργασία και προσπάθεια πάνω σε ανθρώπινες ψυχές, σε προσπάθειες που έχουν να κάνουν µε αλλαγή νοοτροπίας, µε προσπάθεια ανάκαµψης κοινωνικών αποκλεισµών, µε προσπάθεια να δοθεί προοπτική ζωής. Tο ερώτηµα όµως που τίθεται είναι : κατά πόσο οι φορείς υγείας µπορούν όχι µόνο να αξιολογήσουν τα αποτελέσµατα των προγραµµάτων ( ιδίως των πρωτοβουλιών) αλλά να ενσωµατώσουν στα σχέδια δράσης τους( αν έχουν) τις καλές πρακτικές, ώστε να πραγµατοποιείται και στην πράξη το κάθετο Mainstreaming. R.T.5 Innovatiave Actions in Mental Health via Concretisation of Community Parogrms. The Experience of Lesvos Disctrict ANDREADELLI, V. Child Psychiatry Section of the General Hospital of Mitilini Όταν το 1993 το Νοσοκοµείο Μυτιλήνης αποφάσιζε να παρέµβει δυναµικά σε θέµατα εκπαίδευσης των ψυχιατρικών αρρώστων, πέρα από την κεντρική αποστολή του, την Υγειονοµική περίθαλψη των κατοίκων της Λέσβου, ήταν γιατί ως, ο µεγαλύτερος φορέας Υγείας του νοµού έπρεπε να υπηρετήσει την ΥΓΕΙΑ σε όλη της την διάσταση έτσι όπως ορίζεται από την Π.Ο.Υ. ( Υγεία δεν είναι µόνο η έλλειψη νόσου ή αναπηρίας αλλά και η Ψυχική και Κοινωνική ευεξία ) αλλά και γιατί βιώνοντας τον Γεωγραφικό αποκλεισµό, την έλλειψη άλλων φορέων, ενδεχοµένως πιο ειδικών, έπρεπε να τολµήσει να κάνει την αρχή. Τα αποτελέσµατα αυτής της δύσκολης µέχρι τώρα πορείας είναι θετικότατα αν και δύσκολα αναγνωρίσιµα και µετρήσιµα, γιατί έχουν να κάνουν µε άυλες ενέργειες, µε εργασία και προσπάθεια πάνω σε ανθρώπινες ψυχές, σε προσπάθειες που έχουν να κάνουν µε αλλαγή νοοτροπίας, µε προσπάθεια ανάκαµψης κοινωνικών αποκλεισµών, µε προσπάθεια να δοθεί προοπτική ζωής. Tο ερώτηµα όµως που τίθεται είναι : κατά πόσο οι φορείς υγείας µπορούν όχι µόνο να αξιολογήσουν τα αποτελέσµατα των προγραµµάτων ( ιδίως των πρωτοβουλιών) αλλά να ενσωµατώσουν στα σχέδια δράσης τους( αν έχουν) τις καλές πρακτικές, ώστε να πραγµατοποιείται και στην πράξη το κάθετο Mainstreaming. R.T.5 Activities, Role and Route of the Psychological Service in General Hospital in the Frontier Region, : Results,, Prospects SPIROU, S., SCHINARAKI, G. Psychiatric Clinic of the General Hospital of Mitilini Ο ρόλος του Ψυχολόγου στο καθαρά ιατροκεντρικό νοσοκοµείο, βρίσκεται σε κρίσιµη καµπή εξέλιξης. Αµφισβητείται, απορρίπτεται, αναζητείται, επαναπροσδιορίζεται αλλά και ταυτόχρονα επιβάλλεται. Στο Γενικό Νοσοκοµείο Μυτιλήνης σε µια παραµεθόριο, νησιωτική περιοχή, διορίστηκαν το Μάρτιο του 1997 δύο ψυχολόγοι µετά από διαγωνισµό του Α.Σ.Ε.Π. Κλήθηκαν να υπηρετήσουν το βιοψυχοκοινωνικό µοντέλο αντιµετώπισης της ασθένειας. Η οκτάχρονη πορεία τους περνάει µέσα από διάφορα «εξελικτικά στάδια». Βρέθηκαν σε µια αγωνιώδη αναζήτηση του «θεραπεύω» ως «υπηρετώ», δίνοντας συνεχείς µάχες για να µην εκδουλεύονται, να µην συµβιβάζονται, να µην υποβιβάζονται. Στόχος του έργου τους να απελευθερώσουν τον άνθρωπο, την οµάδα, τον πελάτη, τον συνεργάτη, τον εκπαιδευόµενο, να αναζητήσει την υπόσταση του, το ρόλο του, να µάθει να σχετίζεται, να εκφράζεται, να συναισθάνεται. Το έπραξαν µε πολύ προσωπικό, σε όλα τα επίπεδα κόστος, µέσα από την πρόληψη, τη διάγνωση, τη θεραπεία, την εκπαίδευση, την εποπτεία. Στο Νοσοκοµείο και την Κοινότητα. Με ή χωρίς τη συνεργασία των υπολοίπων επαγγελµατιών υγείας. Με ή χωρίς την υποστήριξη της εκάστοτε διοικούσας αρχής. Τα αποτελέσµατα ικανοποιητικά, οι προοπτικές απεριόριστες. R.T.6 Not Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Senility: Observations and Extensions in Closed Frame of Hospitalisation PATTAKOU, V., ADRAKTA, TH., TSAPAKI, E.M. Social Worker Psychiatrist Ασθενείς σε προχωρηµένο στάδιο άνοιας συχνά νοσηλεύονται σε ψυχιατρικές δοµές. Η παρούσα εργασία περιγράφει τα αποτελέσµατα από µη φαρµακευτικές παρεµβάσεις σε 19 ασθενείς µε άνοια (3 άνδρες και 16 γυναίκες) ηλικίας από 56 έως 88 ετών (Μ.Ο. ηλικίας = 87 έτη) σε ιδιωτική ψυχιατρική κλινική κατά την τελευταία διετία. Σχεδιασµός - Μέθοδοι: Οι µη φαρµακευτικές παρεµβάσεις για τη φροντίδα ασθενών µε άνοια βασίστηκαν στη βιβλιογραφία αλλά και στην καθηµερινή κλινική εµπειρία. Οι µη φαρµακευτικές παρεµβάσεις συντονίστηκαν και οργανώθηκαν από τη διεπιστηµονική οµάδα της κλινικής. Συµµετείχαν για την υλοποίησή τους το νοσηλευτικό προσωπικό της κλινικής και οι κοινωνικοί λειτουργοί, ασκούµενοι και µη. Οι στόχοι των µη φαρµακευτικών παρεµβάσεων αφορούσαν στη βελτίωση της µνήµης ή τη σταθεροποίησή της για όσο το δυνατό µεγαλύτερο χρονικό διάστηµα, στη βελτίωση της λεκτικής ή µη επικοινωνίας, της συµπεριφοράς και της διάθεσης των ασθενών. ραστηριότητες για την επίτευξη των παραπάνω στόχων, που επιλέχθηκαν µέσα από ένα σταθερό εβδοµαδιαίο πρόγραµµα κατάλληλα δοµηµένο, αφορούσαν στη µουσική, το τραγούδι και τον χορό, στη ζωγραφική και τα παζλ, σε δραστηριότητες που ενισχύουν τις γνωστικές λειτουργίες, όπως δραστηριότητες σχετικές µε την επικαιρότητα, καθώς επίσης και καθηµερινές δραστηριότητες προσανατολισµού στον χρόνο και τον χώρο. Αποτελέσµατα: Οι παρεµβάσεις στους ασθενείς είχαν θετικά αποτελέσµατα, που έγιναν αντιληπτά από το προσωπικό και τους συγγενείς των ασθενών. Οι παράµετροι που εκτιµήθηκαν ήταν η βελτίωση της συµπεριφοράς και η επικοινωνία ανάµεσα σε ασθενείς και προσωπικό και η αίσθηση της προσωπικής ευεξίας. Οι παρεµβάσεις αυτές βοήθησαν τους µεν ασθενείς να βελτιώσουν την ποιότητα της ζωής τους, τους δε συγγενείς να αποενοχοποιήσουν την απόφασή τους να απευθυνθούν στη βοήθεια ειδικών για την αποκλειστική φροντίδα των οικείων τους και ενίσχυσαν το αίσθηµα υψηλής προσφοράς όχι µόνο νοσηλευτικού αλλά και κοινωνικού έργου σε όλο το προσωπικό. Περισσότερες λεπτοµέρειες για τη δοµή, λειτουργία και αποτελέσµατα του προγράµµατος θα αναλυθούν και θα συζητηθούν. WORKSHOPS

20 W1 Secondary Gain in Psychiatry and Fashion Disorders J.J. van Egmond, Ph.D., psychiatrist-psychologist Secondary gain is a form of illness gain, that is defined in DSM IV as : "external benefits are obtained or noxious duties or responsibilities are evaded". Thus secondary gain is defined as a conscious external motive In secondary gain patients are not simulating, feigning illness, but are instead acting in good faith,i.e. they see their claims as just..although secondary gain is probably as old as humanity itself claims seem to be particularly associated with modern society, with its extensive formal and informal regulations and rights Depression, anxiety and adjustment disorders have in common with fashion disorders, like whiplash injury, repetitive strain disorder, myalgia encephalomyelitis etc that here is no clear biological marker by which the seriousness of the illness can be measured. Stimulated by press, patient associations and other lobbys patients with these disorders without a substrate risk to become as ill as they claim to be. Nowadays there is ample emperical research that having claims in relation to a disorder without a substrate may worsen the suffering. For example let us look whiplash injury. Whiplash was first described by Macnab in 1964, but dont seem to have existed before. In fact crash tests up to 1940 were performed with living poeple not with dummies, but did not give rise to longstanding symptoms, neither somatic nor psychic. Cassidy studied the effect on complaints of depression and pain because of whiplash injury, when there was a change of law in Satsketchewan in Canada. This change of law became effective at the first of january 1995 and from then it was prohibited to sue another driver with claims of financial compensation in case of whiplash. After this change of law not only did the financial claims diminish dramatically, but also the anonymously asked for complaints of depression and pain. So if you had a car-accident in satchketchewan on the last day of 1994 you would have signicantly have more chance of depression and pain then you would have with a same accident the first day of That is to say that new laws can change our perception of being ill. In fact there are countries where whiplash is unknown. This are countries where there exists no medico-legal opportunities for whiplash. Among them are Greece and Lithuania. As clinical psychologists and psychiatrists we have to become more aware of the fact that we may worsen suffering by giving a pseudomedical diagnosis to complaints we do not understand, but are sensitive to medico-legal opportunities W2 Recent Advances in Trauma Therapy: Therapeutic Factors with Personality Disorders and Complex Trauma HERBERT, C. (UK) Director of the Oxford Stress and Trauma Centre, Witney, UK In recent years, the field of trauma therapy has hugely expanded with new research emerging all the time. As a result, it is becoming increasingly apparent that in order to be effective with clients in this field, we have to widen our understanding to consider findings from a variety of different disciplines, such as for example, cognitive science, neuroscience, developmental psychology, and information-processing theories, rather than confining ourselves to the more narrowly defined approaches of the past. Excitingly, with this expansion in knowledge, a number of therapeutic factors are emerging, which seem important to be considered in the context of CBT-based work with complex trauma and personality disorders. Therapeutic factors, which will, for example, be considered as part of this workshop are the nature of the therapeutic relationship and the concept of attachment; individual pacing of therapy and a CBT-based model for trauma work; safety-building techniques and the concept of safety, and the difference between Type I, IIA and Type IIB traumas; strengthening of the Self and inner resource installation; integration of cognition-, affect- and body-based techniques, a 3-system model and the concept of dissociation. a) Learning objectives: This workshop will explore these therapeutic factors, their theoretical relevance especially in relation to personality disorder and complex trauma clients and ways in which these factors may be applied in clinical practice, based on clinical case examples. The implications for providers of mental health services for complex trauma clients will be explored and the development of new competencies for mental health professionals operating in this field will be proposed. For both workshops: Training modalities: Training will be didactic, but active audience participation will be encouraged. There is some scope for exploration of the proposed therapeutic factors in terms of participants own experiences with this client group and the clinical setting, in which they work. Key references: 1) Herbert, C. (in print) Healing from Complex Trauma An Integrative 3-Systems Approach invited chapter for the book: About the Body within the context of Psychotherapy. 2) Collard, P. (2003) Interview with Dr Claudia Herbert, Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 16, No. 3, ) Herbert, C. (2002) A CBT-based therapeutic alternative to working with complex client problems. European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling & Health, 5, No. 2, SPECIAL SESSIONS SS1 Exclusion from friendships:an example of social exclusion for people with the label of Learning Dificulties in England NOROUZI, G. (Iran) Lecturer, School of Education & Psychology, Isfahan University Member of the Inclusive Education & Equality Research Centre, University of Sheffield (U.K.) This paper discusses the issue of friendships involving six adults with the label of learning difficulties living in homecare and in parental homes in Northtown, England. The life histories of these individuals highlight different experiences of friendships with their family members, neighbours and peers. These differences between the informants were significant. The stories reveal that most informants, particularly the girls, had very limited social relationships with others in very limited social settings because their parents and carers were protective and prevented them from going out with friends. Their social relationships and friendships were mainly with people with learning difficulties rather than with non-disabled people. All informants, whether living in the parental home or in homecare, wished to have relationships with their neighbours but did not because they had had bad experiences in the past and/or had been bullied by neighbours. The findings highlighted that employment would