Cosmic words. Cosmic grammar. Speaking. 6.1 chase (n) κυνήγι You can read about the car chase in this article.

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1 6a chase The through town! 6.1 chase (n) κυνήγι You can read about the car chase in this article. 6.2 were (v) ήσουν, ήσασταν, ήταν They were at home at half past eight. Inf: be 6.3 one minute..., the next minute... τη μια στιγμή..., και την άλλη... One minute she was here, the next minute she wasn t. 6.4 minute (n) λεπτό There are sixty minutes in an hour. 6.5 there (adv) εκεί Don t put the chair here put it there. 6.6 up (prep) προς τα πάνω Walk up West Street. 6.7 street (n) οδός Our flat is in King Street. 6.8 train station (n) σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός The museum is next to the train station. 6.9 left (n) αριστερά The supermarket is on your left. on the/my left στα αριστερά (μου) 6.10 right (n) δεξιά The cinema is on the right. on the/my right στα δεξιά (μου) 6.11 past (prep) πέρα από Walk up King street and go past the café in front of (prep) μπροστά από Jeremy is sitting in front of Alex ago (adv) πριν Miranda was at home five minutes ago mustn t (v) δεν πρέπει You mustn t forget to call Ben bell (n) κουδούνι Listen. That s the bell hospital (n) νοσοκομείο She s in hospital she isn t well That wasn t me. Δεν το έκανα εγώ. / Δεν ήμουν εγώ. Don t laugh! That wasn t me. It was George straight (on) (adv) ευθεία Go straight on. The cinema is on your left turn (v) στρίβω Turn right here towards (prep) προς Who are those people? They re going towards our house zoo (n) ζωολογικός κήπος Are there elephants in the zoo? 6.22 See you soon. Θα τα πούμε σύντομα. Bye, Amy. See you soon. Cosmic words 6.23 bank (n) τράπεζα I m going to the bank. I need some money post office (n) ταχυδρομείο The post office is next to the bank toy shop (n) κατάστημα παιχνιδιών You can buy a ball at that toy shop last (determiner) (ο, η, το) προηγούμενος, -η, -ο Where were you last night? last night εχθές το βράδυ 6.27 yesterday (adv) εχθές I was at home yesterday party (n) πάρτι I always have a party on my birthday. have a party Plural: parties Speaking 6.29 directions (n) οδηγίες Can you give her directions to the bank? 6.30 phrases (n) φράσεις Learn the phrases on page 132. Singular: phrase 59

2 6a Cosmic words In town bank café car park cinema hospital museum post office supermarket toy shop train station be: past simple / be: απλός αόριστος Affirmative / Κατάφαση Negative / Άρνηση Questions / Ερωτήσεις I was you were he was she was it was we were you were they were I wasn t you weren t he wasn t she wasn t it wasn t we weren t you weren t they weren t Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they? Στην κατάφαση χρησιμοποιούμε was για τα πρόσωπα I, he, she, it και were για τα πρόσωπα you, we, they. Jamie was here at four o clock. They were at home yesterday evening. Για να σχηματίσουμε την άρνηση, προσθέτουμε not μετά το was/were. Οι σύντομοι τύποι είναι wasn t και weren t. Jamie wasn t here at four o clock. They weren t at home yesterday evening. Για να σχηματίσουμε την ερώτηση, βάζουμε το was/were πριν από το υποκείμενο. Was Jamie here at four o clock? Were they at home yesterday evening? Στις σύντομες απαντήσεις δεν επαναλαμβάνουμε το κύριο ρήμα. Was Jamie here at four o clock? Yes, he was. O απλός αόριστος (past simple) του there is / there are είναι there was / there were. There was a café here in There weren t many people at the beach. Προσέχουμε ότι στις σύντομες απαντήσεις χρησιμοποιούμε there και όχι it ή they. Were there a lot of people at the beach? No, there weren t. Χρησιμοποιούμε τον απλό αόριστο για να αναφερθούμε σε πράγματα που έγιναν ή ίσχυαν στο παρελθόν. They were here last night. Mrs Lewis was seventeen in Συχνά χρησιμοποιούμε τις παρακάτω λέξεις και φράσεις με τον απλό αόριστο: in January, last night, on Monday, three days ago, yesterday, yesterday evening. Zac was in New York in January. 60

3 6a Practice 1 Find five words for places in town. Then write the words. 1 toy shop Match the two parts of the sentences. T O Y S H O P A T L M T P M E M L O P Z Q T E O B T Z A Z I N R C I U X A S A L H O S P I T A L N R M N T S O R A F O L K P O S T O F F I C E K T O Z M A R K I E N M T T R A I N S T A T I O N 1 Walk up 2 Go straight 3 Turn 4 The cinema is on 5 The museum is 6 Go A on. B towards the zoo. C your right. D West Street. E in Park Street. F left. 3 Complete the sentences. Use these words. ago bell last past soon yesterday 1 Were you in bed at half past nine last night? 2 Go Victoria Street and turn right. 3 My dad was in Rome. 4 Sh! Don t use your bicycle here! 5 Where were you two hours? 6 Bye, Steve. See you. 6b Your world 6.31 adventure holiday (n) διακοπές που περιλαμβάνουν επικίνδυνα σπορ, επικίνδυνες δραστηριότητες, κλπ. Let s go on an adventure holiday this year. go on an adventure holiday 6.32 adventure (n) περιπέτεια He s writing an article about his adventures in Africa holiday (n) διακοπές They aren t here this week. They re on holiday. on holiday 6.34 rules (n) κανόνες, κανονισμοί First, read the rules of the game. Singular: rule 6.35 camp (n) κατασκήνωση (ο χώρος) The camp is in a big forest. 61

4 6b 6.36 camping (n) κάμπινγκ, κατασκήνωση (η δραστηριότητα) Let s go camping this weekend. camp (n) κατασκήνωση (ο χώρος) go camping 6.37 snorkel (v) κολυμπώ με αναπνευστήρα I can swim but I can t snorkel. snorkelling (n) κολύμπι με αναπνευστήρα 6.38 windsurf (v) κάνω ιστιοσανίδα Can your brother windsurf? windsurfing (n) θαλάσσιο σπορ με ιστιοσανίδα 6.39 waterski (v) κάνω θαλάσσιο σκι He can t swim or waterski. waterskiing (n) θαλάσσιο σκι 6.40 lake (n) λίμνη Let s go swimming in the lake watersports (n) θαλάσσια σπορ Do you do watersports? Yes. I love waterskiing. do water sports 6.42 riding (n) ιππασία My brother often goes riding at weekends. ride (v) κάνω ιππασία, ιππεύω go riding 6.43 hills (n) λόφοι Look! There are houses on the hills fishing (n) ψάρεμα I often go fishing with my grandad. go fishing 6.45 fields (n) αγροί, λιβάδια Look at those beautiful green fields! 6.46 bring (v) φέρνω Don t forget to bring some food. Irr v: bring brought 6.47 lots (of) πολύ, πολλοί, -ές, -ά There were lots of people at the beach yesterday campsite (n) χώρος κατασκήνωσης The campsite is over there have a great time περνάω υπέροχα We always have a great time at Jane s parties must (v) πρέπει We must go home now shut (v) κλείνω Shut the door, please. Irr v: shut shut 6.52 gates (n) πύλες They open the gates at eight o clock. Singular: gate 6.53 after you αφού τελειώσεις/τελειώσετε Please close the door after you pick (v) μαζεύω Let s pick some flowers flowers (n) λουλούδια There are beautiful flowers in their garden leave (v) αφήνω Can I leave a message? Irr v: leave left 6.57 rubbish (n) σκουπίδια Don t leave rubbish on the beach bins (n) κάδοι απορριμμάτων Put those old magazines in the bin break (v) σπάω Be careful! Don t break the glass! Irr v: break broke 6.60 fences (n) φράχτες There were fences around the gardens. Singular: fence 6.61 climb (v) σκαρφαλώνω Can you climb that hill? 6.62 fires (n) φωτιές Don t make fires on the beach. make a fire ανάβω φωτιά Singular: fire Search the text 6.63 delicious (adj) νοστιμότατος, -η, -ο This ice cream is delicious! 6.64 I m cold. Κρυώνω. Close the window. I m cold. Cosmic words 6.65 countryside (n) εξοχή Let s take some photos of the beautiful countryside. the countryside 62

5 6.66 grass (n) γρασίδι Please don t walk on the grass island (n) νησί You can go to the island by boat mountain (n) βουνό Everest is a mountain (red) lights (κόκκινα) φανάρια Always stop at the red lights fly (v) πετώ Parrots can fl y. Irr v: fly flew 6b 6.69 path (n) μονοπάτι Look! There s a path around the lake sea (n) θάλασσα Let s go swimming in the sea valley (n) κοιλάδα There s a valley between the two mountains. Speaking 6.74 kilometre (n) χιλιόμετρο Can you run four kilometres? Cosmic words The countryside fence field flower forest gate grass hill island mountain path sea valley can and can t for ability and permission / can και can t για ικανότητα και άδεια Affirmative / Κατάφαση Negative / Άρνηση Questions / Ερωτήσεις I can dance you can dance he can dance she can dance it can dance we can dance you can dance they can dance I can t dance you can t dance he can t dance she can t dance it can t dance we can t dance you can t dance they can t dance Can I dance? Can you dance? Can he dance? Can she dance? Can it dance? Can we dance? Can you dance? Can they dance? Χρησιμοποιούμε can/can t για να πούμε τι μπορεί ή τι δεν μπορεί να κάνει κάποιος. Το can παραμένει ίδιο σε όλα τα πρόσωπα. Μετά το can/can t χρησιμοποιούμε ένα ρήμα στη βασική του μορφή. I can sing. Annie can t play tennis. Για να σχηματίσουμε την ερώτηση, βάζουμε το can πριν από το υποκείμενο. Can you sing? Can Annie play tennis? Στις σύντομες απαντήσεις χρησιμοποιούμε can ή can t. Δεν επαναλαμβάνουμε το κύριο ρήμα. Can you sing? Yes, I can. Μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το can για να δώσουμε ή να αρνηθούμε σε κάποιον την άδεια να κάνει κάτι. Στην ερώτηση, το χρησιμοποιούμε για να ζητήσουμε από κάποιον την άδεια για να κάνουμε κάτι. You can go now. You can t use the computer. Can I sit here? 63

6 6b must and mustn t for obligation / must και mustn t για υποχρέωση Affirmative / Κατάφαση I must go you must go he must go she must go it must go we must go you must go they must go Negative / Άρνηση I mustn t go you mustn t go he mustn t go she mustn t go it mustn t go we mustn t go you mustn t go they mustn t go Χρησιμοποιούμε must σε καταφατικές προτάσεις για να εκφράσουμε υποχρέωση, να μιλήσουμε για κάτι που πρέπει να γίνει. Το must παραμένει ίδιο σε όλα τα πρόσωπα. Μετά το must χρησιμοποιούμε ένα ρήμα στη βασική του μορφή. We must be quiet. You must stay here. Στην άρνηση χρησιμοποιούμε mustn t. To χρησιμοποιούμε για να μιλήσουμε για κάτι που δεν πρέπει, που απαγορεύεται να κάνει κάποιος. You mustn t be late. We mustn t swim here. Practice 1 Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 I d like to go on an adventure 2 Look! The boys are swimming in the 3 She s got a horse and she often goes 4 Bye, Ben! Have a great 5 Be careful! Don t break the 6 Please close the A lake. B time. C holiday. D gate. E riding. F vase. 2 Complete the sentences. Use these words. bin camping delicious fire lights path rubbish shut 1 Yummy! The chocolate cake is! 2 I m cold. Let s make a. 3 Please put the rubbish in the. 4 No, I don t want to go! I want to stay in a room! 5 Walk up that and then turn left. 6 You mustn t leave after picnics. 7 You must stop at the red. 8 Can you the window, please? 64

7 3 Do the puzzle. What s the secret word? 1 H I L L You can climb this. 2 It s green and you can walk on it. 3 You can pick these from gardens. 4 You can swim in this. 5 You can climb this, too. 6 You can find animals in this. It often has trees around it. The secret word is. 6b 6c Cosmic world 6.75 country (n) εξοχή My grandparents live in the country. the country 6.76 Dear... Αγαπητέ, -ή, -ό... (λέξη που χρησιμοποιείται στην αρχή ενός γράμματος) Dear Nick, Thank you for your letter penfriend (n) φίλος, -η δι αλληλογραφίας Ella is my new penfriend quiet (adj) ήσυχος, -η, -ο It s very quiet in our town in December another (determiner) ένας άλλος, μία άλλη, ένα άλλο I can t come on Friday. Let s meet another day guitar (n) κιθάρα I can play the piano and he can play the guitar. play the guitar 6.81 brilliantly (adv) υπέροχα She sings brilliantly! brilliant (adj) υπέροχος, -η, -ο 6.82 dirty (adj) βρόμικος, -η, -ο Your hands are dirty. Wash them noisy (adj) θορυβώδης, -ες It s a very noisy town. noisily (adv) με θόρυβο 6.84 dangerous (adj) επικίνδυνος, -η, -ο Don t worry. The dog isn t dangerous. dangerously (adv) επικίνδυνα 6.85 pop (n) ποπ (μουσική) Do you like pop music? 6.86 concert (n) συναυλία I can t come to the concert on Saturday one day κάποτε, μια μέρα I d like to go to New York one day What about you? Και εσύ/εσείς; I like it. What about you? 6.89 Paris (n) Παρίσι Let s go to Paris in August shops (n) μαγαζιά, καταστήματα There aren t many shops in this town busy (adj) γεμάτος, -η, -ο κίνηση, πολυσύχναστος, -η, -ο King Street is always very busy Eiffel Tower (n) Πύργος του Άιφελ the Eiffel Tower Ο Πύργος του Άιφελ βρίσκεται στο Παρίσι Louvre (n) Λούβρο the Louvre Το Λούβρο, ένα από τα μεγαλύτερα μουσεία του κόσμου, βρίσκεται στο Παρίσι paintings (n) πίνακες (ζωγραφικής) There are paintings on the walls. paint (v) ζωγραφίζω 6.95 statues (n) αγάλματα There were two big statues in their garden. Singular: statue 65

8 6c 6.96 summer (n) καλοκαίρι We always go to Brighton in the summer. in (the) summer 6.97 sheep (n) πρόβατα There were sheep in the field. Singular: sheep 6.98 boring (adj) βαρετός, -ή, -ό This game is so boring! 6.99 insects (n) έντομα Some insects can t fly love (n) αγάπη See you soon. Love from, Emily. Love from,... Με αγάπη,... Search the text noise (n) θόρυβος Stop that noise! I m working! slow (adj) αργός, -ή, -ό My computer s old and slow slowly (adv) αργά Please drive slowly strangely (adv) περίεργα, παράξενα Terry is looking at me strangely. strange (adj) περίεργος, -η, -ο, παράξενος, -η, -ο happy (adj) χαρούμενος, -η, -ο, ευτυχισμένος, -η, -ο We re a happy family happily (adv) χαρωπά Simon is playing happily in his room amazingly (adv) υπέροχα Nadia dances amazingly! amazing (adj) υπέροχος, -η, -ο Speaking dangerously (adv) επικίνδυνα He drives dangerously. dangerous (adj) επικίνδυνος, -η, -ο noisily (adv) κάνοντας θόρυβο The children are playing noisily. noisy (adj) θορυβώδης, -ες, noise (n) θόρυβος quickly (adv) γρήγορα We must leave quickly. quick (adj) γρήγορος, -η, -ο quietly (adv) ήσυχα, σιγά Close the door quietly. quiet (adj) ήσυχος, -η, -ο Writing world improve (v) βελτιώνω, -ομαι I want to improve my English interesting (adj) ενδιαφέρων, -ουσα, -ον This book is very interesting. Opp: boring village (n) χωριό Dave lives in a small village. Adverbs of manner / Επιρρήματα τρόπου Για να σχηματίσουμε ένα επίρρημα τρόπου (adverb of manner), προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη -ly σε ένα επίθετο. slow slowly dangerous dangerously Αν το επίθετο τελειώνει σε -y, φεύγει το -y και προσθέτουμε -ily. happy happily hungry hungrily Χρησιμοποιούμε επιρρήματα τρόπου για να πούμε πώς γίνεται κάτι. They are walking slowly. He is driving dangerously. 66

9 Practice 1 Find eight adverbs. Then write the words. 1 quietly Q T A R E S M L Q B B A U R K L C I Y U L R N O I S I L Y B I T I H B Q E M X A N C N L E A Z T T T R O K M L P V P S S L O W L Y I M T Y P B R Y N Y Z A A M A Z I N G L Y O N L S M I A L F A S D T Y N E L B H Y E R Y L D A N G E R O U S L Y 6c 2 Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 I write to her every day she s my 2 We ve got a small house in the 3 He can sing and play the 4 I d like to be famous one 5 She s sick, so she can t go to the pop 6 We go swimming every day in the 7 Big towns are dirty and A country. B concert. C summer. D guitar. E penfriend. F dangerous. G day. 3 Circle the correct words. 1 There weren t many people at the beach. It was very busy / quiet. 2 Your clothes are busy / dirty! 3 Some insects / sheep have got six legs. 4 I don t like this game it s boring / busy. 5 This café is very noisy / noisily. Let s go home. 6 Read this article. It s very painting / interesting. 7 I love the cafés and busy / slowly streets. 8 The statue / view from the Eiffel Tower was fantastic! 67

10 3 Review Units 5 and 6 Units 5 and 6 Vocabulary R3.115 light (n) φως There s no light in the room. I can t see. R3.116 microscope (n) μικροσκόπιο You can look at the insect under a microscope. R3.117 goal (n) γκολ We can win! We just need one more goal! R3.118 Pericles (n) Περικλής Today s History class was about Pericles. Ο Περικλής ήταν Αθηναίος πολιτικός στα χρόνια της αρχαιότητας. R3.119 Alexander (n) Αλέξανδρος Alexander was from Pella, a Greek city. Ο (Μέγας) Αλέξανδρος ήταν βασιλιάς της Μακεδονίας. Grammar R3.120 What was... like? Πώς ήταν ο/η/το...; What was the party like? R3.121 funny (adj) αστείος, -α, -ο That s a very funny story! R3.122 It s (very) cold. Κάνει (πολύ) κρύο. Close the door. It s very cold. R3.123 take (v) παίρνω Here, take some money with you. Irr v: take took R3.124 lunch time (n) ώρα του μεσημεριανού Let s meet at lunch time. Practice 1 Match the sentences to these words for places in town. 1 Yes, you can leave your car here until ten o clock. 2 Look at this amazing painting! 3 Is it an adventure film or a comedy? 4 I feel sick and I ve got terrible tummy ache. 5 The train to Paris is at half past four. 6 We must buy some fruit and vegetables. 7 That s a nice doll! 8 Can I have stamps for this postcard? A toy shop B museum C train station D post office E supermarket F hospital G car park H cinema 2 Circle the odd one out. 1 athletics bank gymnastics volleyball 2 Art Science Geography Paris 3 dancer singer coach helper 4 bank chase hospital café 5 valley rule field forest 6 boring noisy dangerous amazing 68