GRAMMAR INDEX TOP TEAM - JUNIOR B. 1.The verb to be. Affirmative - Κατάφαση

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2 1 GRAMMAR INDEX 1.The verb to be Affirmative - Κατάφαση I am = I m = Εγώ είμαι You are = You re = Εσύ είσαι He is = He s = Αυτός είναι She is = She s = Αυτή είναι It is = It s = Αυτό είναι We are = We re = Εμείς είμαστε You are = You re = Εσείς είστε They are = They re = Αυτοί-ές-ά είναι Interrogative - Ερώτηση Am I? = Είμαι εγώ ; Are you? = Είσαι εσύ ; Is he? = Είναι αυτός ; Is she? = Είναι αυτή ; Is it? = Είναι αυτό ; Are we? = Είμαστε εμείς ; Are you? = Είστε εσείς ; Are they? = Είναι αυτοί-ές-ά ;

3 2 Negative - Άρνηση I am not = I m not = Εγώ δεν είμαι You are not = You re not = You aren t = Εσύ δεν είσαι He is not = He s not = He isn t = Αυτός δεν είναι She is not = She s not = She isn t = Αυτή δεν είναι It is not = It s not = It isn t = Αυτό δεν είναι We are not = We re not = We aren t = Εμείς δεν είμαστε You are not = You re not = You aren t = Εσείς δεν είστε They are not = They re not = They aren t = Αυτοί-ές-ά δεν είναι Short answers Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I am. Yes, he is. Yes, they are. No, I m not. No, he isn t. / No, he s not. No, they aren t. / No, they re not. 2.The verb have got Affirmative - Κατάφαση I have got = I ve got = Εγώ έχω You have got = You ve got = Εσύ έχεις He has got = He s got = Αυτός έχει She has got = She s got = Αυτή έχει It has got = It s got = Αυτό έχει We have got = We ve got = Εμείς έχουμε You have got = You ve got = Εσείς έχετε They have got = They ve got = Αυτοί-ές-ά έχουν

4 3 Interrogative - Ερώτηση Have I got? = Έχω εγώ ; Have you got? = Έχεις εσύ ; Has he got? = Έχει αυτός ; Has she got? = Έχει αυτή ; Has it got? = Έχει αυτό ; Have we got? = Έχουμε εμείς ; Have you got? = Έχετε εσείς ; Have they got? = Έχουν αυτοί-ές-ά ; Negative - Άρνηση - Has he got a bicycle? - Yes, he has. I have not got = I haven t got = Εγώ δεν έχω You have not got = You haven t got = Εσύ δεν έχεις He has not got = He hasn t got = Αυτός δεν έχει She has not got = She hasn t got = Αυτή δεν έχει It has not got = It hasn t got = Αυτό δεν έχει We have not got = We haven t got = Εμείς δεν έχουμε You have not got = You haven t got = Εσείς δεν έχετε They have not got = They haven t got = Αυτοί-ές-ά δεν έχουν Short answers Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I have. Yes, he has. Yes, they have. No, I haven t. No, he hasn t. No, they haven t.

5 4 3.Plural Πληθυντικός 1. ουσιαστικό + s 2. -o -x -s -es -ss -sh -ch 3. σύμφωνο y -ies 4. -f / -fe -ves chair chairs = καρέκλα - καρέκλες tomato tomatoes = ντομάτα ντομάτες box boxes = κουτί κουτιά glass glasses = ποτήρι - ποτήρια brush brushes = βούρτσα - βούρτσες sandwich sandwiches = το σάντουιτς τα σάντουιτς baby babies = μωρό μωρά shelf shelves = ράφι - ράφια Irregular plurals = Aνώμαλοι πληθυντικοί man - men άντρας - άντρες woman - women γυναίκα - γυναίκες child - children παιδί - παιδιά foot - feet πατούσα - πατούσες tooth - teeth = δόντι - δόντια mouse - mice ποντίκι - ποντίκια fish - fish = ψάρι - ψάρια sheep - sheep πρόβατο - πρόβατα 4.Present Continuous = Ενεστώτας Διαρκείας Ο Ενεστώτας Διαρκείας χρησιμοποιείται για μια πράξη που γίνεται τώρα. am is are -ing

6 5 read reading = διαβάζω write writing = γράφω run running = τρέχω Affirmative - Κατάφαση I am reading = I m reading = Εγώ διαβάζω You are reading = You re reading = Εσύ διαβάζεις He is reading = He s reading = Αυτός διαβάζει She is reading = She s reading =Αυτή διαβάζει It is reading = It s reading = Αυτό διαβάζει We are reading = We re reading = Εμείς διαβάζουμε You are reading = You re reading = Εσείς διαβάζετε They are reading = They re reading = Αυτοί-ές-ά διαβάζουν Interrogative Ερώτηση Am I reading? = Διαβάζω εγώ ; Are you reading? = Διαβάζεις εσύ ; Is he reading? = Διαβάζει αυτός ; Is she reading? = Διαβάζει αυτή ; Is it reading? = Διαβάζει αυτό ; Are we reading? = Διαβάζουμε εμείς ; Are you reading? = Διαβάζετε εσείς ; Are they reading? = Διαβάζουν αυτοί-ές-ά ; Negative - Άρνηση - Are you reading now? - Yes, I am. I am not reading = I m not reading = Εγώ δε διαβάζω You are not reading = You re not reading = You aren t reading = Εσύ δε διαβάζεις He is not reading = He s not reading = He isn t reading = Αυτός δε διαβάζει She is not reading = She s not reading = She isn t reading = Αυτή δε διαβάζει It is not reading = It s not reading = It isn t reading = Αυτό δε διαβάζει We are not reading = We re not reading = We aren t reading = Εμείς δε διαβάζουμε You are not reading = You re not reading = You aren t reading = Εσείς δε διαβάζετε They are not reading = They re not reading = They aren t reading = Αυτοί δε διαβάζουν

7 6 Short answers Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I am. Yes, he is. Yes, they are. No, I m not. No, he isn t. / No, he s not. No, they aren t. / No, they re not. 5.Possessive Adjectives = Κτητικά Επίθετα I my = εγώ (δικό) μου you your = εσύ (δικό) σου he his = αυτός (δικό) του (για άντρες) she her = αυτή (δικό) της (για γυναίκες) it its = αυτό (δικό) του (για ζώα και πράγματα) we our = εμείς (δικό) μας you your = εσείς (δικό) σας they their = αυτοί (δικό) τους 6.Object Pronouns I me = εγώ - εμένα you you = εσύ-εσένα he him = αυτός-αυτόν she her = αυτή-αυτήν it it = αυτό-αυτό we us = εμείς-εμάς you you = εσείς-εσάς they them = αυτοί-αυτούς 7.Some/Any some = μερικοί-ές-ά, λίγο (σε κατάφαση) any = καθόλου (σε ερώτηση και άρνηση)

8 7 8.The verb must Affirmative - Κατάφαση I must = Εγώ πρέπει You must = Εσύ πρέπει He must = Αυτός πρέπει She must = Αυτή πρέπει It must = Αυτό πρέπει We must = Εμείς πρέπει You must = Εσείς πρέπει They must = Αυτοί-ές-ά πρέπει Interrogative Ερώτηση Must I? = Πρέπει εγώ ; Must you? = Πρέπει εσύ ; Must he? = Πρέπει αυτός ; Must she? = Πρέπει αυτή ; Must it? = Πρέπει αυτό ; Must we? = Πρέπει εμείς ; Must you? = Πρέπει εσείς ; Must they? = Πρέπει αυτοί-ές-ά ; Negative - Άρνηση I must not = I mustn t = Εγώ δεν πρέπει You must not = You mustn t = Εσύ δεν πρέπει He must not = He mustn t = Αυτός δεν πρέπει She must not = She mustn t = Αυτή δεν πρέπει It must not = It mustn t =Αυτό δεν πρέπει We must not = We mustn t = Εμείς δεν πρέπει You must not = You mustn t = Εσείς δεν πρέπει They must not = They mustn t = Αυτοί-ές-ά δεν πρέπει

9 8 9.How much/how many? How much + ενικός? = Πόσος -η-ο ; ( για μη μετρήσιμα ) How many + πληθυντικός? = Πόσοι ες-α ; ( για μετρήσιμα) 10.The verb can Affirmative - Κατάφαση I can You can He can She can It can We can You can They can = Εγώ μπορώ = Εσύ μπορείς = Αυτός μπορεί = Αυτή μπορεί = Αυτό μπορεί = Εμείς μπορούμε = Εσείς μπορείτε = Αυτοί-ές-ά μπορούν Interrogative - Ερώτηση Can I? = Μπορώ εγώ ; Can you? = Μπορείς εσύ ; Can he? = Μπορεί αυτός ; Can she? = Μπορεί αυτή ; Can it? = Μπορεί αυτό ; Can we? = Μπορούμε εμείς ; Can you? = Μπορείτε εσείς ; Can they? = Μπορούν αυτοί-ές-ά ; - Can you play football? - Yes, I can.

10 9 Negative - Άρνηση I cannot = I can t = Εγώ δεν μπορώ You cannot = You can t = Εσύ δεν μπορείς He cannot = He can t = Αυτός δεν μπορεί She cannot = She can t = Αυτή δεν μπορεί It cannot = It can t = Αυτό δεν μπορεί We cannot = We can t = Εμείς δεν μπορούμε You cannot = You can t = Εσείς δεν μπορείτε They cannot = They can t = Αυτοί-ές-ά δεν μπορούν Short answers Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I can. No, I can t. 11.Simple Present = Απλός Ενεστώτας Ο Απλός Ενεστώτας χρησιμοποιείται για μια συνήθεια. Affirmative - Κατάφαση I play = Εγώ παίζω You play = Εσύ παίζεις He plays = Αυτός παίζει She plays =Αυτή παίζει It plays = Αυτό παίζει We play = Εμείς παίζουμε You play = Εσείς παίζετε They play = Αυτοί-ές-ά παίζουν Ορθογραφικοί κανόνες work he works = δουλεύω BUT go he goes = πηγαίνω fix he fixes = επισκευάζω kiss he kisses = φιλάω wash he washes = πλένω watch he watches = παρακολουθώ cry he cries = κλαίω, φωνάζω BUT play he plays = παίζω

11 10 Interrogative - Ερώτηση Do I play? = Παίζω εγώ ; Do you play? = Παίζεις εσύ ; Does he play? = Παίζει αυτός ; Does she play? = Παίζει αυτή ; Does it play? = Παίζει αυτό ; Do we play? = Παίζουμε εμείς ; Do you play? = Παίζετε εσείς ; Do they play? = Παίζουν αυτοί-ές-ά ; Negative - Άρνηση I do not play = I don t play = Εγώ δεν παίζω You do not play = You don t play = Εσύ δεν παίζεις He does not play = He doesn t play = Αυτός δεν παίζει She does not play = She doesn t play = Αυτή δεν παίζει It does not play = It doesn t play = Αυτό δεν παίζει We do not play = We don t play = Εμείς δεν παίζουμε You do not play = You don t play = Εσείς δεν παίζετε They do not play = They don t play = Αυτοί-ές-ά δεν παίζουν Short answers Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I do. Yes, she does. Yes, they do. No, I don t. No, she doesn t. No, they don t. -Do you go to school every day? -Yes, we do.

12 Comparative and Superlative Συγκριτικός και Υπερθετικός Βαθμός comparative = συγκριτικός βαθμός ( για να συγκρίνουμε δυο πρόσωπα ή πράγματα μεταξύ τους ) superlative = υπερθετικός βαθμός ( για να συγκρίνουμε τρία ή περισσότερα πρόσωπα ή πράγματα μεταξύ τους ) young younger the youngest = νέος νεότερος ο νεότερος cute cuter the cutest = χαριτωμένος πιο χαριτωμένος ο πιο χαριτωμένος happy-happier-the happiest = χαρούμενος-πιο χαρούμενος-ο πιο χαρούμενος big-bigger-the biggest = μεγάλος-μεγαλύτερος -ο μεγαλύτερος Irregular adjectives = Ανώμαλα επίθετα good-better-the best = καλός -καλύτερος -ο καλύτερος bad-worse-the worst = κακός -χειρότερος -ο χειρότερος Tom is taller than Jim. = O Tom είναι ψηλότερος από τον Jim. Tom is the tallest of all. = O Tom είναι ο ψηλότερος από όλους. Tom is the tallest pupil in class. = O Tom είναι ο ψηλότερος μαθητής στην τάξη. 13.There was / There were There was = Υπήρχε Was there? = Υπήρχε ; There was not = There wasn t = Δεν υπήρχε There were = Υπήρχαν Were there? = Υπήρχαν ; There were not = There weren t = Δεν υπήρχαν

13 12 Was / Were Affirmative - Κατάφαση I was = Εγώ ήμουν You were = Εσύ ήσουν He was = Αυτός ήταν She was = Αυτή ήταν It was = Αυτό ήταν We were = Εμείς ήμασταν You were = Εσείς ήσασταν They were = Αυτοί-ές-ά ήταν Interrogative - Ερώτηση Was I? = Ήμουν εγώ ; Were you? = Ήσουν εσύ ; Was he? = Ήταν αυτός ; Was she? = Ήταν αυτή ; Was it? = Ήταν αυτό ; Were we? = Ήμασταν εμείς ; Were you? = Ήσασταν εσείς ; Were they? = Ήταν αυτοί-ές-ά ; - Were you at a restaurant yesterday? - Yes, we were. Negative - Άρνηση I was not = I wasn t = Εγώ δεν ήμουν You were not = Υou weren t = Εσύ δεν ήσουν He was not = He wasn t = Αυτός δεν ήταν She was not = She wasn t = Αυτή δεν ήταν It was not = It wasn t = Αυτό δεν ήταν We were not = We weren t = Εμείς δεν ήμασταν You were not = You weren t = Εσείς δεν ήσασταν They were not = They weren t = Αυτοί-ές-ά δεν ήταν

14 13 Short answers Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I was. No, I wasn t. Yes, it was. No, it wasn t. Yes, they were. No, they weren t. 14.Simple Past = Απλός Αόριστος Ο Απλός Αόριστος χρησιμοποιείται για μία πράξη που έγινε και τέλειωσε σε συγκεκριμένη στιγμή στο παρελθόν. Ορθογραφικοί κανόνες 1. ρήμα -ed 2. e -d 3. σύμφωνο + y -ied 4. Σε μονοσύλλαβο ρήμα που τελειώνει σε σύμφωνο φωνήεν σύμφωνο διπλασιάζουμε το τελευταίο σύμφωνο και βάζουμε ed. work worked δουλεύω δούλεψα smile smiled = χαμογελώ χαμογέλασα cry cried = κλαίω έκλαψα stop stopped = σταματώ σταμάτησα Affirmative - Κατάφαση I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked = Εγώ δούλεψα = Εσύ δούλεψες = Αυτός δούλεψε = Αυτή δούλεψε = Αυτό δούλεψε = Εμείς δουλέψαμε = Εσείς δουλέψατε = Αυτοί-ές-ά δούλεψαν

15 14 Negative - Άρνηση I did not work = I didn t work = Εγώ δε δούλεψα You did not work = You didn t work = Εσύ δε δούλεψες He did not work = He didn t work = Αυτός δε δούλεψε She did not work = She didn t work = Αυτή δε δούλεψε It did not work = It didn t work = Αυτό δε δούλεψε We did not work = We didn t work = Εμείς δε δουλέψαμε You did not work = You didn t work = Εσείς δε δουλέψατε They did not work = They didn t work = Αυτοί-ές-ά δε δούλεψαν Ιnterrogative - Ερώτηση Did I work? = Δούλεψα εγώ ; Did you work? = Δούλεψες εσύ ; Did he work? = Δούλεψε αυτός ; Did she work? = Δούλεψε αυτή ; Did it work? = Δούλεψε αυτό ; Did we work? = Δουλέψαμε εμείς ; Did you work? = Δουλέψατε εσείς ; Did they work? = Δούλεψαν αυτοί-ές-ά ; Short answers - Σύντομες απαντήσεις - Did you go to bed early last night? - Yes, I did. Yes,I did. Yes, they did. No, Ididn t. No, they didn t.

16 15 15.Irregular Verbs = Ανώμαλα Ρήματα 1. come came = έρχομαι ήρθα 2. do did = κάνω έκανα 3. drink drank = πίνω ήπια 4. eat ate = τρώω έφαγα 5. find found = βρίσκω βρήκα 6. fly flew = πετώ πέταξα 7. get got =παίρνω πήρα 8. give gave = δίνω έδωσα 9. go went = πηγαίνω πήγα 10. hear heard =ακούω άκουσα 11. have had = έχω είχα 12. make made = φτιάχνω έφτιαξα 13. read read = διαβάζω διάβασα 14. run ran = τρέχω έτρεξα 15. see saw = βλέπω είδα 16. sit sat = κάθομαι κάθισα 17. swim swam =κολυμπώ κολύμπησα 18. take took = παίρνω πήρα 19. wear wore =φοράω φόρεσα 20. write wrote = γράφω έγραψα I ate pop-corn yesterday.

17 16 16.Simple Future = Απλός Μέλλοντας Affirmative - Κατάφαση I will swim = I ll swim = Εγώ θα κολυμπήσω You will swim = You ll swim = Εσύ θα κολυμπήσεις He will swim = He ll swim = Αυτός θα κολυμπήσει She will swim = She ll swim = Αυτή θα κολυμπήσει It will swim = It ll swim = Αυτό θα κολυμπήσει We will swim = We ll swim = Εμείς θα κολυμπήσουμε You will swim =You ll swim = Εσείς θα κολυμπήσετε They will swim = They ll swim = Αυτοί-ές-ά θα κολυμπήσουν Interrogative - Ερώτηση Will I swim? = Θα κολυμπήσω εγώ ; Will you swim? = Θα κολυμπήσεις εσύ ; Will he swim? = Θα κολυμπήσει αυτός ; Will she swim? = Θα κολυμπήσει αυτή ; Will it swim? = Θα κολυμπήσει αυτό ; Will we swim? = Θα κολυμπήσουμε εμείς ; Will you swim? = Θα κολυμπήσετε εσείς ; Will they swim? = Θα κολυμπήσουν αυτοί-ές-ά -Will you watch TV tonight? -Yes, I will. Negative - Άρνηση I will not swim = I won t swim = Εγώ δε θα κολυμπήσω You will not swim = You won t swim = Εσύ δε θα κολυμπήσεις He will not swim = He won t swim = Αυτός δε θα κολυμπήσει She will not swim = She won t swim = Αυτή δε θα κολυμπήσει It will not swim = It won t swim = Αυτό δε θα κολυμπήσει We will not swim = We won t swim = Εμείς δε θα κολυμπήσουμε You will not swim = You won t swim = Εσείς δε θα κολυμπήσετε They will not swim = They won t swim = Αυτοί-ές-ά δε θα κολυμπήσουν Short answers - Σύντομες απαντήσεις Yes, I will. No, I won t. Yes, we will. No, we won t.

18 17 17.Numbers = Αριθμοί one = 1 two = 2 three = 3 four = 4 five = 5 six = 6 seven = 7 eight = 8 nine = 9 ten = 10 eleven = 11 twelve = 12 thirteen = 13 fourteen = 14 fifteen = 15 sixteen = 16 seventeen = 17 eighteen = 18 nineteen = 19 twenty = 20 twenty-one = 21 twenty-two = 22 twenty-three = 23 twenty-four = 24 twenty-five = 25 twenty-six = 26 twenty-seven = 27 twenty-eight = 28 twenty-nine = 29 thirty = 30

19 18 18.Ordinal numbers = Τακτικά αριθμητικά first = 1 st = πρώτος second = 2 nd = δεύτερος third = 3 rd = τρίτος fourth = 4 th = τέταρτος fifth = 5 th = πέμπτος sixth = 6 th = έκτος seventh = 7 th = έβδομος eighth = 8 th = όγδοος ninth = 9 th = ένατος tenth = 10 th = δέκατος eleventh = 11 th = ενδέκατος twelfth = 12 th = δωδέκατος thirteenth = 13 th = δέκατος τρίτος fourteenth = 14 th = δέκατος τέταρτος fifteenth = 15 th = δέκατος πέμπτος sixteenth = 16 th = δέκατος έκτος seventeenth = 17 th = δέκατος έβδομος eighteenth = 18 th = δέκατος όγδοος nineteenth = 19 th = δέκατος ένατος twentieth = 20 th = εικοστός twenty-first = 21 st = εικοστός πρώτος twenty-second =22 nd = εικοστός δεύτερος twenty-third = 23 rd = εικοστός τρίτος twenty-fourth = 24 th = εικοστός τέταρτος... twenty-ninth = 29 th = εικοστός ένατος thirtieth = 30 th = τριακοστός thirty-first = 31 st = τριακοστός πρώτος