Design and Simulation of a Wilkinson Power Divider with High Isolation for Tri-Band Operation Using PSO Algorithm

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1 PSO () () () - () 394/4/ : 394//7 : :.. PSO. WiMAX WLAN UMTS GSM 900 GSM 800 GPS GSM 900 GSM 850. CST-MW 03...PSO : Design and Simulation of a Wilkinson Power Divider with High Isolation for Tri-Band Operation Using PSO Algorithm Farzad Khajeh-khalili () Mohammad Amin Honarvar () () Phd. Condidate Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Esfahan, Iran farzad.khajehkhalili.989@ieee.org () Assistant Professor - Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Esfahan, Iran amin.honarvar@pel.iaun.ac.ir In this article, a microstrip tri-band Wilkinson power, using the equivalent three section transmission line instead of common quarter-wavelength transmission line with help of PSO algorithm, design and simulated. Optimized choices for electrical lengths of equivalent three section transmission line, characteristic impedances of lines and finally design of three resistors for high isolation between output ports will be obtained. The results of the researches in this article show that the proposed Wilkinson power, besides high isolation between output ports, will be a tri-band Wilkinson power to be used in communication wireless systems such as GSM 850, GSM 900, GPS, GSM800 GSM 900, UMTS, WLAN and WiMAX. Next, the designed Wilkinson power is going to be simulated by CST-MW 03 software. The result of simulation show that the proposed structure, analysis and design method are suitable. Index Terms: Wilkinson power, Tri-band, quarter-wavelength transmission line, equivalent three section transmission line, isolation, PSO. amin.honarvar@gmail.com : (3)

2 0-3. PSO [9]. T..[0-5] T [0]... [] [3] [5] GSM 900 ( MHz), GSM 850 ( MHz) GSM 800 ( MHz), GPS ( MHz) UMTS (90-00 MHz), GSM 900 ( MHz) WiMAX ( MHz), WLAN ( MHz) 5. PSO 6. -.[] [] 3....[9-3] [3] 4 RLC f. f = f f. [4] [3]. RLC.. [5] π... RLC [6].. - [7] RLC. [8]... (4)

3 Port 0 (Input),, 3, 3 R R R 3 Port 0 (ouput) Port 3. - ().[] ().,, 3, 3 0 (ouput) :(3) Fig.(3): Equivalent circuit of the proposed Wilkinson power Г in() -- :() Fig. (): Equivalent transmission line circuit of the conventional Wilkinson power Port Port,, 3, 3 0 R R R 3 0 o.c o.c o.c in(), even in (), even in(3), even :(4) Fig. (4): Circuit model for even-mode of the proposed Wilkinson power :() Fig. (): Conventional Wilkinson power in microstrip form. (3) R 3 R R. (4) Γ in ( ). f = = in ( 3 ), even 3 in ( ), even in (), even Γ in () = + + j j tan( θ ), tan( θ ) ( 3), even + j tan( θ ), + j tan( θ ) in = + in ( 3), even in ( ), even j in ( ), even in (), even 0 + in (), even 0. + j tan( θ ). tan( θ ) : ( ) ( ) ( 3) : ( 4) (5).. (3) R 3 R R θ 3 θ θ. 0. (3)

4 0-3. PSO. f 3 f f PSO. (-) (-) 9. (9) 3 3 Γin() f ( i) Γin(3) f ( i) F = min +. ( 9) i= n i= n (9).. PSO. (3) θ 3 θ θ in(), even in(), even f 3 f f in(3), even PSO --3 PSO 0 Kennedy. PSO.[6] 995 Eberhart.[7-8] PSO N.. (6) :(5) Fig. (5): Circuit model for odd-mode of the proposed Wilkinson power. (3). R 3 / R / R / (5) Γ in. ( 3 ) : f in (), o d d = j tan ( θ ), ( 5) R in(), odd in(), odd = (( ) R + in (), odd + j tan( θ ))/( + j R)/ R + )tan( θ ), in(), odd in(), odd R in(), odd in(3), odd = 3 (( ) R + in (), odd Γ = in ( 3 ) + j tan( θ ))/( + j R )/ R + )tan( θ ) in(), odd in(), odd 3 in (), odd 0 + in (), odd 0. ( 6) ( 7) : ( 8) θ 3 θ θ in(3) in(), odd in(), odd, odd. -3- R, R, R, θ, θ, θ,,, 3 3 3

5 Table (): Elective parameters of PSO for optimizing this article PSO :() ϴ max PSO PSO N ϴ min 0.4 i max 00 c c (-) (-) (9) (-3) PSO ().. -4 (3) (). - Table (): Designing parameters of PSO PSO :(). PSO R ϴ 46 ϴ 5 ϴ R 0 R Rogers_RO4003 tan δ = h =.5 7 m m ε r =. CST-MW 03 f = M H z. (6) SMA. 50 (7) [9] X ( i) = X ( i ) + V ( i). j j j : (0) (0) V j X (0). i.. V (i) = θ (i) V (i ) + c r [ P j j : () best, j X (i )] + c [ ( )]. r Gbest X j i ( ) r. j i V j (i ) (). ( 0, ) r c = c =.[0] j G best c c P best, j. 3 θ (i) :[9] () θ (i). θ m ax θ m in θ ( i ) = θ m ax i. im ax. θ max θ min θ max. θ min i max θ min = 0.4 θ max = 0.7.[] --3 () PSO.

6 0-3. PSO S :(7) Fig. (7): S parameter of the proposed Wilkinson power dB S S S (db) (8) f 3 = 400 MHz f = 800MHz f = 900 MHz Frequency (GHz) -3.0 db -3.0 db -3.0 db 0 S (Simulated).. (3) mm S 4 ( ) 6 5 S S ( ) 3. :(6) Fig. (6): Final configuration of the proposed Wilkinson power. S (db) S (Simulated) Frequency (GHz) S :(8) Fig. (8): S parameter of the proposed Wilkinson power -3-4 S (3-) S (9). 3 S. 3 f 3 = 400 MHz f = 800MHz f = 900 MHz. -5 db -54 db db -50 db. (8) Table (3): Final dimensions of the proposed Wilkinson power :(3) L 5 p W p 3.5 L 6.3 L 9. L W.7 W.9 W 3.7 S --4. (7) S S < 5 d B f 3 = 400 MHz f = 800MHz f = 900 MHz -5.6 db db -5.7 db.

7 S 3 S S (4).. S -50 db S db S db. S3 (db) S3 (Simulated) Frequency (GHz) S :(9) 3 Fig. (9): S parameter of the proposed Wilkinson power 3.. (4). PSO Ref. [3] [4] [5] [6] [8] [9] [3] [4] This work Table (4): Performance comparison of this work with other power s :(4) Operating band Tri-band Quad-band Single-band Tri-band Frequency (GHz) / /.8.9 / / /.7 / /.8/.7/ / /.8 /.4 S (db) -40 / / / / / -4 / -5-9/-36/-36/ / /-55.5/-5.6 S (db) / / / / / -3. / /-3./-3.6/ / /-3.0/-3.0 S 3 (db) -35 / / / / / -47 / -8-40/-35/-40/ / /-54/-5 - Wilkinson power - Isolation 3- The quarter-wavelength transformer 4- Multiple sections method 5- Particle swarm optimization 6- Microstrip 7- Even-odd mode analaysis 8- Propagation constant 9- Objective function 0- Swarm intelligence - Particle - Evolutionary computation 3- Inertia weight 4- Reflection coefficient 5- Insertion loss 6- Isolation factor : (9) PSO. /GSM 900/GSM 850 WiMAX WLAN/UMTS/GSM 900/GSM 800/GPS.

8 0-3. PSO References [] D.M. Pozar, "Microwave Engineering", 3rd ed., pp , New York: Wiley, 005. [] E.J. Wilkinson, "An N-way hybrid power ", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 8, No., pp. 6-8, Jan [3] L. Wu, H. Yilimaz, A. Pascht, M. Berroth, "A dual-frequency Wilkinson power : For a frequency and its first harmonic", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 5, No., pp , Feb [4] L. Wu, H. Yilimaz, M. Berroth, "A dual-frequency Wilkinson power ", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 54, No., pp , Jan [5] A.S.S. Mohra, "Compact dual band Wilkinson power ", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp , Jun [6] Y. Wu, Y. Liu, Sh. Li, H. hou, "Compact dual-band equal power circuit for large frequency-ratio application", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz WavesVol. 3, No., pp. 8-36, Sep [7] X. Wang, I. Sakagami, A. Mase, M. Ichimura, "Wilkinson power with complex isolation component and its miniaturization", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp , Mar. 04. [8] M. Chongcheawchamnan, S. Patisang, M. Krairiksh, I.D. Robertson, "Tri-band Wilkinson power using a three-section transmission-line transformer", Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp , Aug [9] B. Xia, L. Sh. Wu, J. Mao, L. Yang, "A new quad-band Wilkinson power ", Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp , Aug. 04. [0] L. Chang, H. Tseng, "Compact Wilkinson power using two-section asymmetrical T-structures", Electronics Letters, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp , Apr. 03. [] H. Tseng, H. Wu, "Compact planar Wilkinson power using π-equivalent shunt-stub-based artificial transmission lines", Electronics Letters, Vol. 46, No. 9, pp , Sep. 00. [] W. Choe, J. Jeong, "Compact modified Wilkinson power with physical output port isolation", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 4, No., pp. 8-83, Feb. 04. [3] N. Gao, G. Wu, Q. Tang, "Design of a novel compact dual-band Wilkinson power with wide frequency ratio", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 0, No. 4, pp , Oct. 03. [4] J. Wang, J. Ni, Y.X. Guo, D. Fang, "Miniaturized Microstrip Wilkinson power with harmonic suppression", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp , July 009. [5] R. Mirzavand, M.M. Honari, A. Abdipour, G.R. Moradi, "Compact Microstrip Wilkinson power s with harmonic suppression and arbitrary power division ratios", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 6, No., pp. 6-68, Jan. 03. [6]J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICNN, pp , Perth, WA, Nov./Dec.995. [7] W. Wang, Y. Lu, J.S. Fu, Y. h. Xiang, "Particle swarm optimization and finite-element based approach for microwave filter design", IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp , May 005. [8] O.T. Altinoz, A.E. Yilmaz, "Particle swarm optimization with parameter dependency walls and its sample application to the Microstrip-like interconnect line design",international Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 66, No. 0, pp. 07-4, May 0. [9] Y. Shi, R. Eberhart, "A modified particle swarm optimizer", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICEC, pp , Anchorage, AK, May998. [0] R. Eberhart, Y. Shi, "Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources", Proceeding of the IEEE/CEC, Vol., pp. 8-86, Seoul, May 00. [] Y. Shi and R. Eberhart, "Comparing inertia weights and constriction factors in particle swarm optimization", Proceeding of the IEEE/CEC, Vol., pp , La Jolla, CA, July 000. (0)

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