A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA

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1 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 55, N o. 5 Sep., 2000 : (2000) , 1, 2, 1 (11, ; 21, ) : M. W ackernagel 1996, ( ), ( ),,, 1998, hm 2 : ; ; ; : P967 : A,, [1 ] GN P,, [2, 3 ] 1987, (HD I) ; 1992,,, ( GD P) ( ISEW ) [3, 4 ], [5 7 ],,,, : ; : : (N o ) [ Foundation Item: N ational N atural Science Key Foundation of Ch ina, N o ; CA S s Personnel T rainning P ro ject of W estern Ch ina: Eco2 environm ent Construction and Sustainable D evelopm ent Research of Gansu P rovince in 21st Century ] : (19732 ),,,, E2m ail: xzm in@ns1lzb1ac1cn

2 (W CED ),,,,,, [2, 3 ], V itou sek 1986 [8 ],,,, [9 ] 1 111,,,? W ackernagel (1996) [3, 10 ] (eco logical foo tp rin t), : ; (b io logically p roductive area), ( ) ( ) [3 ] : E F = N ef = N (aa i ) = N (cigp i ) (121) i ; p i i ; ci i ; aa i i ; N ; ef ; E F,,, 112, 6 [10, 11 ] : (1) : CO 2,,

3 5 : ,,, CO 2, CO 2, CO 2, CO 2 CO 2, CO 2,,, CO 2 (2) :,, hm hm 2, 0125 hm 2 (3) : hm 2, 019 hm hm 2 10%,, (4) : hm 2 ( 0155 hm 2 ), 10% ( 5) :, 0106 hm 2, (6) : hm 2, 6 hm 2 813% ( 015 hm 2 ) 95% 113 W ackernagel [10, 11 ] ,,, 7 hm 2 1 hm 2 (717 hm 2 ), 916 hm 2, 119 hm 2 ;, 30%, 1013 hm 2, 617 hm 2, 316 hm 2 ; 412 hm 2, 113 hm 2, 219 hm 2 ; 519 hm 2, 710 hm 2, 111 hm 2, W ackernagel, hm 2, 018 hm 2, 014 hm 2 [5, 6 ]

4 610 55, hm 2, 211 hm 2, 017 hm 2, 52 35, % ,, 213 hm 2, (W CED ), 12% 3 000, 2 hm 2, 018 hm 2 2 hm (bo ttom 2line) (eco logical benchm ark) [11 ], 30%,,, 21998, : ( ) ; ;, Tab11 The biolog ically productive area of Gan su prov ince in 1998 g10 4 hm 2 g% ghm [10, 11 ] ( ), 1998 ( 2) [11 ] : E F i = P i + I i - E i Y average (221) E F i i ; P i i ; I i E i i ; Y averagei : [10, 11 ], [12 ] ( 3),,,,,, :

5 5 : Tab12 The ecolog ical footpr in t ledger of the biotic resources in Gan su prov ince g(kgghm 2 ) gt ghm 2 g(hm 2 g ) Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ m 3 ghm 2 Ξ Ξ m 3

6 Tab13 The ecolog ical footpr in ts ledger of energy g(gjghm 2 ) g(gjgt) gt g(gjg ) g(hm 2 g ) Ξ Ξ kw h, GJ, [ 10 ] N i = M i H i G i W i (222) N i i ; W i i ; H i G i ; M i [13 ], ( 4), [ 14 ] 4 ( : hm 2 g ) Tab14 The ecolog ical footpr in ts ledger of trade balance (+ ) (- ) , ( ),, ( ),, 1149, 1149 ( [ 10 ] ), 12%

7 5 : Tab16 Ecolog ical footpr in t summary of Gan su prov ince in 1998 g(hm 2 g ) g(hm 2 g ) ( ) g(hm 2 g ) g(hm 2 g ) CO Ξ (12% ) Ξ,,, hm 2, hm 2, hm ,,,,, :,, ;,,, ;,,,,, [15 ] ;, ( ), hm 2,,?, 3 :, ;, ; [11 ]

8 , 1998, [16 ], [17, 18 ] :, ;,, [3 ], :,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,, ( ) CO 2, CH 4 412,,,,,, (1) [18 ], ( ), (2) [19 ],

9 5 : (3),,,,, (References) : [ 1 ] Zhang Zh iqiang, Sun Chengquan, Cheng Guodong et al. P rogresses and trends of sustainable developm ent research [J ]. A d vance in E arth S ciences, 1999, 14 (6): , 1999, 14 (6): ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. : [J ]. [2 ] Xu Zhongm in, Zhang Zh iqiang, Cheng Guodong. R eview indicato rs of m easuring sustainable developm enṫ P eop le, R esou rces & E nv ironm ent, 2000, 10 (2): , 2000, 10 (2): ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]. [3 ] H ardi P, Barg S, Hodge T et al. M easuring sustainable developm ent: R eview of current p ractice[r ]. O ccasional paper num ber 17, 1997 ( IISD ). 122, [4 ] Xu Zhongm in, Cheng Guodong, W ang Genxu. A study on the estim ation of econom ic lo ss from eco logical deterio ration take Zhangye P refecture as an examp le[j ]. A d vance in E arth S ciences, 1999, 14 (5): [J ]., 1999, 14 (5): ] [5 ] Co stanza R, D aly H. N atural cap ital and sustainable developm ent[j ]. Conservation B iology, 1992, 6 (1): ( In Ch inese) [,,. [6 ] M acdonald D, H anley N, M offatt İ A pp lying the Concep t of N atural C riticality to R egional R esource M anagem ent [J ]. E colog ical Econom ics, 1999, 29: [7 ] Co stanza R, Cum berland J, D aly H et al. A n Introduction to Eco logical Econom ics[m ]. St L ucie P ress, [8 ] V itousek P, Eh rlich P, M atson P. H um an A pp rop riation of the P roducts of Pho to synthesis[j ]. B ioscience, 1986, 36: [ 9 ] Zhang Zh iqiang, Xu Zhongm in, Cheng Guodong. R eview on the concep t and computable model of eco logical foo tp rints[j ]. E colog ical E conom ics, 2000, in p resṡ ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]., 2000,. ] [10 ] W ackernagelm, O nisto L, Bello P et al. Eco logical Foo tp rints of N ations[r ]. Comm issioned by the Earth Council fo r the R io+ 5 Fo rum. International council fo r local Environm ental Initiatives, To ronto, [11 ] W ackernagelm, O nisto L, Bello P et al. N ational natural cap ital accounting w ith the eco logical foo tp rint concep t [J ]. E colog ical Econom ics, 1999, 29: [12 ] Q iu D axiong. Energy P lanning & system atic analysis[m ]. Beijing: T singhua U niversity P ress, ( In Ch inese) [. [M ]. :, ] [13 ] Co stanza R, N eil C. Energy intensities, interdependence, and value in eco logical system s: A linear P rogramm ing A pp roach [J ]. J ournal of theory B iology, 1984 (106): [ 14 ] Edito rial Board of Gansu Year book. Gansu Yearbook in 1999 ( to tal N o. 6) [ Z ]. Beijing: Ch ina Statistical P ress, ( In Ch inese) [ ( 6 ) [Z ]. :, ] [ 15 ] Xu Zhongm in. A scenario2based fram ewo rk fo r m ulticriteria decision analysis in w ater carrying capacity [J ]. J ou rnal of G laciology and Geocry ology, 1999, 21 (2): , 21 (2): ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., [16 ] H erendeen R A. Should sustainability analyses include biophysical assessm ents[j ]. E colog ical E conom ics, 1999, 29: [17 ] W ackernagelm. W hy sustainability analyses m ust include biophysical assessm ents[j ]. E colog ical E conom ics, 1999, 29: [ 18 ] M acdonald D V, H anley N, M offatt İ A pp lying the concep t of nature cap ital criticality to regional resources m anagem ent [J ]. Ecolog ical Econom ics, 1999, 29: [ 19 ] Bartelm us P. Green accounting fo r a sustainable econom y po licy use and analysis of environm ental accounts in the Ph ilipp ines[j ]. Ecolog ical Econom ics, 1999, 29:

10 The Calculation and Analysis of Ecolog ical Footpr in ts of Gan su Prov ince XU Zhong2m in 1, ZHAN G Zh i2qiang 1, 2, CH EN G Guo2dong 1 (11S tate K ey L aboratory of F roz en S oil E ng ineering, CA R E ER I, CA S, L anz hou , Ch ina; 21S cientif ic Inf orm ation Center f or R esou rces and E nv ironm ent, CA S, L anz hou , Ch ina) Abstract: Becau se hum an s con sum e the p roducts and services of natu re, every one of u s has an impact on the earth. Does the hum an load stay w ith in global carrying capacity? T he eco logical foo tp rin t concep t has been designed to an sw er th is question and estim ate m an s impact on natu re. T he eco logical foo tp rin t of any defined population ( from a single individual to a w ho le city o r coun try) is the to tal area of eco logically p roductive land and w ater occup ied exclu sively to p roduce all the resou rces con sum ed and to assim ilate all the w astes generated by population. T he eco logical foo tp rin t m ethod p resen ts a simp le fram ew o rk fo r national natu ral cap ital accoun ting. T he concep t of eco logical foo tp rin t and its calcu lation m ethod is in troduced in th is p ap er. T he p ap er a lso ana lyses the advan tages and d isadvan tages of the eco log ica l foo tp rin t model, and addresses the types of eco logically p roductive lands. T he article calcu lates and analyses the eco logical foo tp rin t of Gan su p rovince in T he eco logical foo tp rin t ledger is com po sed of th ree m a in sect ion. T he first ledger is ba sic b io t ic resou rces con sump tion including its byp roducts, the second is energy con sump tion, the th ird is t rade ba lance. T rade ba lance th rough m o re deta iled t rade flow ana lyses can m itigate the influence of impo rt and expo rt p roduct on con sump tion variation s. Based on the eco logical foo tp rin t concep t and analysis fram ew o rk, hum an con sump tion can be compared w ith regional2level natu ral cap ital p roduction u sing ex isting data. In the case of Gan su p rovince, the eco logical deficit of Gan su is hm 2 per cap ita. Simp lification of calcu lation m ethodo logy to certain ex ten t resu lts in over2op tim istic estim ates. F inally, the eco logical foo tp rin t model s advan tages and disadvan tages are iden tified. Eco logical foo tp rin t index is an excellen t aggregate index that connects m any issues of su stainab ility, developm en t and equ ity. T he model can reveal the ex ten t to w h ich local carrying capacity has been exceeded and allow s a cum u lative app roach to impact analysiṡ T he u se of eco logical p roductive area as a num eraire, rather than money o r energy, m akes the foo tp rin ts easy to be understood, and also perm its p rovocative calcu lation s. T he lim itation s of the model is that it doesn t include several impo rtan t issues, w h ich are even directly related to land u se: land areas lo st to b io logical p roductivity lo ss of land becau se of con tam ination, ero sion and u rban harden ing and dissertation (especially in no rth2 w estern Ch ina). M ethodo logically, the assessm en ts cou ld be mo re comp lete by including the eco logical spaces u sed fo r freshw ater u se, a particu lar impo rtan t issue in arid area of no rth2w estern Ch ina. Key words: eco logical foo tp rin t; m easu ring su stainabab le developm en t; eco logical p roductive area; Gan su p rovince