An Algorithm of Data Aggregation Based on Data Compression for Sensor Networks

Μέγεθος: px

Εμφάνιση ξεκινά από τη σελίδα:

Download "An Algorithm of Data Aggregation Based on Data Compression for Sensor Networks"

Φόβος Δάβης
5 χρόνια πριν
Προβολές:

1 ISSN , CODEN RUXUEW Journal of Software, Vol7, No4, April 006, pp DOI: 0360/jos70860 Tel/Fax: by Journal of Software All rights reserved, +,,3, 3, (,0087 (, (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA An Algorithm of Data Aggregation Based on Data Compression for Sensor Networks XIE Zhi-Jun, WANG Lei +, LIN Ya-Ping,3, CHEN Hong, LIU Yong-He 3 (College of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing 0087, China (College of Software, Hu nan University, Changsha 4008, China 3 (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA + Corresponding author: Phn: , wanglei_hn@hn65com Xie ZJ, Wang L, Lin YP, Chen H, Liu YH An algorithm of data aggregation based on data compression for sensor networks Journal of Software, 006,7(4: Abstract: Considering the characteristics and location information of nodes in sensor networks, a modified directed transfer model of sensor networks and a new distributed data aggregation model based on area are proposed On the basis of these new models, a novel mixed entropy data compression algorithm based on interval wavelet transforming is proposed for sensor network, according to the characteristics of data in sensor networks and the good performances of wavelet transforming in compression of the data stream Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that, the above new methods can compress the data stream and reduce the energy costs of nodes in data transferring efficiently for sensor networks So, it can prolong the lifetime of the whole networks to a greater degree when the above new methods are deployed with those traditional DC (data centric routing algorithms such as DD (directed diffusion protocol for sensor networks Key words: : sensor network; location information; data aggregation; interval wavelet transforming; entropy,, DDAM(distributed data aggregation modelddam,, ;,, : DC -DD,, Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No ( ; the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No00AA4Z340 ( (863; the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No0036 ( Received ; Accepted

2 : 86, : ; ; ; : TP393 : A GPS(global positioning system [ 5],, ( (sensor network,,, :(, ;(, ;(3,,, (address-centric, AC (data centric protocol, DC AC SAR(sequential assignment routing [7] AC, Sink :, [8], DC DC :DD(directed diffusion [9],GITDC(greedy incremental tree data centric protocol [0],LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy [],GEAR(geographic and energy aware routing [],DDCH(distributed data centric hierarchical routing algorithm [3] DD DC hop, DC AC,,,,,,,, :,,,,, DC,, [4],, DDAM(distributed data aggregation model,ddam,, ;,,,, DC : DC,, ( G=(V,E,G, G : ( G ;( G ( G S V, S : p V p S p S q S, G S 3( G=(V,E, G S V : S, S G, S S, S [6]

3 86 Journal of Software Vol7, No4, April 006,,, G=(V,E,,V,E,,, (core node;,, (sink node;sink, Internet, ID, Sink,, ( (, Sink, Sink, Sink,, :,,,,,,, ;, Sink, Sink Core Gateway Member Fig Connected dominant set based directed transfer model 4( G C V, C : p V p C p C q 5( G=(V,E, G C V : C, C G, C 6( p, Sink R (x,y,sink R r r r, p (m,n, : m = x, n = y,, [] : r=5,a (40,40, A x =4,A y =4, A (4,4; B (35,37, B x =4, B y =4, B (4,4 6 : Sink R r, 6

4 : 863 r : 5,, r r + =r,, p, (x,y Sink R r (communication radius, p 6,, DDAM( G: DDAM p GPS, 6 ; p :(i p S p ( 3 ;(ii p E p ;(iii p G p ;(iv p, ; 3, G Sink, p S p E p G p, : p G p, G p E p ;, p, p, p ; 4, :DDAM,, 3 : 3 G=(V,E, DDAM ψ={p p p V} G :, DDAM 3 : G,, ψ G, ψ p,q ψ, p,q ψ,,, p,q p,q, d(p,q G, d(p,q<r(r, d(p,q (i d(p,q= p,q, ψ ; (ii d(p,q=, G (p,r,q d(p,q=,, p,q ; r p,q, DDAM 3, r, r ; r ψ ψ ; (iii d(p,q=3, G (p,r,r,q d(p,r =, p,q,,p,r ; r p,r, DDAM 3 : r, r, r ψ d(r,q=, r ψ ψ d(p,q=m(m>3,ψ ; 3 d(p,q=m+,g (p,r,r,,r m,q ψ G r ψ r r d(p,r 3 : p,r ψ, d(r,q m, r,q ψ ψ 3 : DDAM ψ,

5 864 Journal of Software Vol7, No4, April 006, (MRA, φ ψ, Mallat : : c j, k = am kc j, m m Z ( d j, k = bm kc j, m m Z ( = + (3 c j, m hm kc j, k g m kd j, k k Z k Z,,j ;c j,m d j,m j ( (,{h k } {g k }, {a k } {b k } Mallat, ( ( c j,m ; c j,k d j,k, (3,, 3 c j+,k c j,k c j,k c j n,k c j+,k c j,k c j,k c j n,k d j,k d j,k d j n,k d j,k d j,k d j n,k Fig Decomposition process of sensing data Fig3 Reconstruction process of sensing data Mallat L H H H 0 Fig4 Space-Frequency structure graph of decomposed sensing data 4-4,,H 0,H,H,L, L,, R, K, L (R, L (RL (K,,, : L (K, L (R, ; [5,6], L (K, L ([0,],, 8( (entropy, I(a j, : m j= H ( X = p I( a = p log p, j j m j= bit/, p j a j, -, : type=four-legged animal instance=elephant ( ( j j

6 : 865 location=[5,0] intensity=06 confidence=085 timestamp=0:0:40 ( ( ( (, elephant,,,,,,,, 5 Sensed data Fig5 Interval wavelet transforming Quantization Mixed entropy coding Code bit stream Procedure graph of mixed entropy coding based on interval wavelet 5 :, 0 -,,,,,, 0,, ;,, 0,,,, Huffman Huffman,,, 3, DD, DD SENSE(sensor network simulator and emulator [7] SENSE, 4 : (application (networking MAC (physical, AODV(ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing DSR(dynamic source routing CR (communication radius, 00 00, 00, 50, : 0 ( Sink,9 Source ; Sink, 0 (0 0 Source, DDAM, ;,, DD, DD 000, 6~ 9

7 866 Journal of Software Vol7, No4, April 006 Core nodes (% Communication radius Fig6 Node proportion in connected Core nodes (% Total nodes Fig7 Node proportion in connected core of DDAM in case core of DDAM in case 6 DDAM 7 DDAM Modified DD algorithm Modified DD algorithm 05 Traditional DD algorithm Traditional DD algorithm Total nodes Total nodes Fig8 The comparision of energy comsuming case Fig9 The comparision of energy comsuming case Average energy consumed Average energy consumed 8 DD 9 DD 6 7 CR=35, DDAM, 6 7, CR, 0%~80%, 8 9, DD, 4,,,,,, DC -DD : DC -DD, DC References: [] Xie ZJ, Wang L, Chen H Subnets based distributed data-centric hierarchical ant routing for sensor networks In: Liu JN, Conners A, eds IEEE Int l Conf on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing Wuhan: IEEE Computer Society, [] Agre J, Clare L An integrated architecture for cooperative sensing networks IEEE Computer, 000,33(5:06 08 [3] Ren FY, Huang HN, Lin C Wireless sensor networks Journal of Software, 003,4(7:8 9 (in Chinese with English abstract [4] Li JZ, Li JB, Shi SF Concepts, issues and advance of sensor networks and data management of sensor networks Journal of Software, 003,4(0:77 77 (in Chinese with English abstract [5] Srinivasan V, Chiasserini CF, Nuggehalli PS, Rao RR Optimal rate allocation for energy-efficent multipath roting in wireless ad hoc network IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications, 004,3(3: [6] Estrin D, Govindan R, Heideman J, Kumar S Next century challenges: Scalable coordination in sensor networks In: Heidemann J, ed Proc of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE Int l Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking Seattle: ACM Press,

8 : 867 [7] Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E A survey on sensor networks IEEE Communications Magazine, 00, 40(8:0 4 [8] Pottie G, Kaiser W Wireless sensor networks Communications of the ACM, 000,43(5:5 8 [9] Intanagonwiwat C, Govindan R, Estrin D Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks In: Johnson DB, ed Proc of the ACM MobiCom Boston: ACM Press, [0] Krishnamachari B, Estrin D, Wicker S Modelling data-centric routing in wireless sensor networks In: Stojmenovic I, Olariu S, eds Proc of the IEEE Infocom New York: IEEE Computer Society, 00 4 [] Heinzelman W, Kulik J, Balakrishnan H Negotiation based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks ACM Wireless Networks, 00,8(-3:69 85 [] Yu Y, Govindan R, Estrin D Geographical and energy aware routing: A recursive data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks Technical Report, UCLA/CSD-TR-0-003, UCLA Computer Science Department, 00 [3] Lin YP, Wang L A distributed data-centric clustering hierarchical routing algorithm for sensor networks ACTA ELECTRONICA SINICA, 004,3(: (in Chinese with English abstract [4] Peng W, Lu XC A new distributed approximate algorithm in minimum connected dominating sets Chinese Journal of Computers, 00,4(3:54 58 (in Chinese with English abstract [5] Gao XP, Zhang B Interval-Wavelets neural networks (I Theory and implements Journal of Software,998,9(3:7 (in Chinese with English abstract [6] Gao XP, Zhang B Interval-Wavelets neural networks (II Properties and experiment Journal of Software,998,9(4:45 50 (in Chinese with English abstract [7] Chen G, Branch J, Pflug MJ, Zhu L, Szymanski B SENSE: A sensor network simulator and emulator In: Schmidt D, ed Proc of the nd Int l Conf on Pervasive Computing Vienna: Springer-Verlag, : [3],,003,4(7:8 9 [4],,,003,4(0: /4/77htm [3],,004,3(: [4],,00,4(3:54 58 [5], (,998,9(3:7 [6], (,998,9(4:45 50 (974,,,,, (965,,,,CCF,,, (973,,,, (974,,,, (955,,,,

Σχετικά έγγραφα

ER-Tree (Extended R*-Tree)

ER-Tree (Extended R*-Tree) 1-9825/22/13(4)768-6 22 Journal of Software Vol13, No4 1, 1, 2, 1 1, 1 (, 2327) 2 (, 3127) E-mail xhzhou@ustceducn,,,,,,, 1, TP311 A,,,, Elias s Rivest,Cleary Arya Mount [1] O(2 d ) Arya Mount [1] Friedman,Bentley