attja: «AVTlOTa8~lOTlKcl» ~etpa an6 puna(vouae~ ~lepyaa(e~ - VO~la~QTl Ktl anot(~l1otl TWV enlmwaewv an6 Ta aepla KaTclAoma Tl1 ~ Kau

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1 attja: «AVTlOTa8~lOTlKcl» ~etpa an6 puna(vouae~ ~lepyaa(e~ - VO~la~QTl Ktl anot(~l1otl TWV enlmwaewv an6 Ta aepla KaTclAoma Tl1 ~ Kau 0Tl~ lou AlYVlTTl OTTilV euputepl1 neplcpepela KO~clVl1~ - ntoae~af~a~ - <t>aw p lva~*. Mtpoe: A': EVVOIOAoY'K~ npoatyyla'l KOI anoaocp~vlal'l TOU «E~WTEPIKOU» K6aroue: Tile: napavwy~e: I'IA KTplI(J~e: EvtPVEIOe: ana Alvvtnl 1. «E~WT&PIKtC;)) OIKOYopi&c; Kal n&plpaaaovtiktc; emmwo&ic;: PlpA loypaipik~ avaipopa Yla TIlY napaywy~ IlAeKTpIK~C; ytpy&lac; Av 9twpTiooUIl& ~vov «1 ~ e: OTO» 0lKOVOIJ1KO ne:piyupo. arov ono(o 11 ouvaaaaktikli OIKOVOIl{O 90 he:itoupyouoe: Tehe:IO. TOTe: 01 IJI1XOVIOIlO( TIle; oyopoe;. 130molJ&vOI no. vw arle; OVTWe; npoyijotikee; TllJte; TWV npo iovtwv. Sa d xav M oe:1 0" 0 TO npo~"rllloto TO onoio nopotllpouvtoi OTTlV npayllotikn OIKOVO~ (O. Be:l3oiwe; lKli npoonogeoll nou So 1511IJIOupyouoe IJla. ETOIO «I~E~» OIKO VOIJIK~ KOToaroOll. So rltov OV 01 Tlllte; TIle; ayopoc; 0- VTIKOTompl~ov novto TO auvo"iko KoarOe; TO onolo e ~ne:pltxetoi oe: 0"0 TO armio nopoywylie; KOI 6169e:0lle; e:voe; npoiovtoe;. 'OjJW<; OTI")V npa ~I1. txouije OVloopponio TWV Ill1XOVIO~WV TIle; lsioilopq>woi")e; TWV TlIJWV TIle; oyopoe;. e:ne:i15~ 0ll1J0 VTIKO KOOTOe; TIlC; i5lolsikooioc; nopoywylic; 15e:v ouljnepl "Olll3aVETOI OTIC; TEMKte; TllJtC; 610Se:0llC; e:voc; npoiovtoc; OTI")V oyopa. 'ETOI. TO Koaroc; auto IJe:TOq>t pe:tol oe: Tp{, TOUC;. 01 ono(oi 15e:v axet (~OVTO I ~e TO Te:"IKO nopayolle: vo npolov, oute: we; nopaywyo{, ama OUTE KOI we; KOTOvoMllTt e;. Auto a np613"i11l0 TIle; avlooppon(oe; 0TTl i5 lo~opq>woll TWVTlIJWV TWV i5loq>6pwv npoiovtwv OTI'}v oyopa. e(xe &. VToma9e:i on6 nom naa.lo. 'H1511 ono TIC; opxte; TOU 200u OIWVO (1910) a Alfred Marshall aro K"OOIKO epyo TOU Principle in Economics" ovoq>ep&tol arlc; t wolee; TOU "&~WT e:p IKOU» oq>t"oue; KOI Koarouc;. "&~WTe:PIKOU» ~e: f!o(we; nayto we; npoc; TO Ill1XOVIOIJO TIlC; oyopoc;. Mia, e n(olle;. OllIlOVTIK~ npwllji1 npootyyiol") aro 9t IJo OUTWV TWV «&~WT&PIKWV " OIKOVOIJIWV tylv&0"6 TOVPigou (1920) aro n"o(olo TIle; Sewp{oe; TWV"OIKOVOIlIKWV Tl") e; EUJ'lIlEp oe;'" (Wellfare Economics). 'EKTOT&. 11 o0130potllto TOU OIKOVOIlIKOU OUTOI) npol3"~' IlOTOe; TIle; ovloopponioe; TWV TIIJWV. KOI 11 aro~lokti cruv 15ean TOU Il& Tl")v uno13a91l10ll TWV n&pll3aaaovnkwv 01 KoauOTll ~6Twv. )(p&laottlke KOnOl&e; ~&Kae:TiEC; Ylo va npokaatoel TIl 15 ouoo npooom TWV OIKovolloM ywv. nap' Ot "l &VTUnWOlOKo q>olvolleva punovoll<: TOU n&pl I3OMOVTOC; 1Je: OllIlOVTIKEe; &mmwoelc; e(xov 0ll1l&lw8&1 KOLa TO nope:"s6v a& OpKETte; neplmwoeic;. 'ETol, lletono"&ilika, OUVe:IOq>OptC; 0TTl ~e:"tn, TWV "e *I.r.: H e:lotlyi1oll al!t1'j ~e:v nopouolao911ke: aro ~ 1~~e:pO. aaaa KOLOT&9I")Ke: aro npoktlko.

2 TeXVIKO I, ~ ' :IKO 163 ~UlTepIKWV» OIKOVOlltWv eyivav lleta~u omwv ana TOUe; Ellis Kal Fellner (1943), TOV Knight (1944), Kat TOV Scitofsky (1954), KOTO TTl ~ekaetia TOU '60 apxi~ouv va ~TlIloOleuoVTal 01 npwtee; llemtee; nou auvmouv Tte; «e~wtepikee;» OlKOvOlliee; Ile Ta 8ellOTa TOU nepl~omovtoe; (Coase 1960, Buchanan Kat Stubblibine 1962, Kneese et al. 1969, Cyriacy - Wantrup 1968), napomilaa, ellcpav i~etatll npw TTl auo'ttlllattk1') llemtll volllallattk1')e; anotillllo't']e; nepl ~amovt1kwv ~IlIlIWV nou npoepxovtat ana Tllv OTlloacpatplKl'] punavo't'] (Ridker 1967). H i5ekaetia TOU '70 xapakt11pi~etat ano TTlv ev~eaexe OTepll Kat auo'ttlllatlkotepll ell~o8uvo't'] OTa 8ellaTa TWV «e~wtepikwv» OIKOVOlllWV ae OXeO'T'] Ile TTlv eklletomeu O'T'] CPUOlKWV nopwv Kat TWV em~paaewv TOUe; OTO CPUOl KO nepl~omov (Meade 1973, Kapp 1974, Maler 1974, Seneca and Taussig 1974, Nijkamp 1977, Kat Dasgupta 1979), LTO O'T']llelO auto, 8a npenel va npoote8el Kat va 0'T']Ilelw8el we; 1~latTepWe; 0'T']1laVT1K1') 11 auvelacpopa noa AWV avamywv lleaetwv TOU O.O.LA LTTl ~ekaet(a TOU '80, 0 «noaukpltt)plakoe; npoypalllla TtaIlOe;» unelaepxetoi we; O'T']llaVTIKO epyaaeio, acp' evoe; Ilev, ~lepeuvllo't']e; TWV «e~wtepikwv» OlKOVOlllWV, we; a notemallotoe; TWV punatvouawv ~lepyaolwv OTO nepl ~~OV ana TTlv napaywyl') llaektplkl')e; evepyelae;, acp' etepou ~e, TTle; A1')l\Jlle; anocpoaewv Yla TTl xwp08ett)0't'] lleyoawv epywv napaywy1')e; llaektplk1')e; evepyelqe; (Nijkamp 1980, Mastenbroek 1983, Rietveld 1984, Johansson 1987, Voogt 1987, Lakshmanan 1989). TeAoe;, ana Tte; apxee; TTle; ~ekaetiae; TOU '90, exouv ~llllomeu8ei Ilia aelpa ano auykpltlkee; llemtee; oxetlkee; Ile TTlV avamu~lllle80i5wv Kat TeXV1KWV Yla TTl volllallattk1') anotlllllo't'] TWV nepl~amovt1kwv emmwaewv nou npo KaAOUV KaTa nep(mwo't'] 01 i51ocpopee; Ilopcpee; napaywy1')e; llaektplk1')e; evepyelae; (Hohmeyer 1988, Ottinger et al. 1990, Ferguson 1990, Pearce and Markandya 1991, Lockwood 1992), LTte; Ilepec:; Ilac:; nmov, 11 el~ikotepll auvi5eo't'] TWV nepl ~amovt1kwv npo~allilotwv Ile TTlv OIKovoIlIK1') TOUe; a notillllo't'], exel Toao nom npoo~euael ae enine~o em OTTlllovlK1')e; ell~a8uvo't']e; Kat TeXVIKWV lle80~oaoyiwv, W OTe OTa neplaaotepa navemo'tt']lllako l~puilota TOU e ~wtepikou ~1~OaKeTat wc:; autotemc:; avtikelllevo, uno TO ovolla TWV " OIKOVOlllKWV TOU nepl~aaaovtoc:;» (Environmental Economics), 2. H napaywy~ IlAtKTpIK~e; tvepytlae; ana AIYVITIl we; altlo avamu~lle; «t~wttpikwv» OIKOVO~IWV LTTlV enoxl') Ilac:;, Kat auykekp1lleva OTOV emllvlko xwpo, Ilia ana TIC:; 0'T']1laVT1KOTepee; ekcpovaele; TOU npo~mllatoc:; TTlC:; uno~081l10't']e; TOU nepl~omovtoe; npoepxetat ana TTlV napaywyl') llaektp1k1')c:; evepyelac:;, Kat eli51kotepa a no TT)V napaywyl') llaektp1k1')c:; evepyelae; Ile KaUOlllll u All TO A1YVlTT), Elvat YVWOTO Kat i5ei5ollevo OTI 11 ~lai51kaala TT)C:; e~opu ~ll~' Tile; lletacpopae;, TT)e; KOTepyaa(ac:; Kat Kupiwe; TTlC:; KauO'T']C:; TOU AlyviTT), Ka8we; enlo't']c:; TT)C:; ~IOXUO'T']C:; Kat ~lacmopae; TWV KOTaAolnwv TT)C:; KaUO'T']e; TOU, auvenayovtat Ilia omkallpll aelpa aauoli5wtwv emmwaewv, 01 ono(ee; ~ev neplopi~ovtat 1l0VOV O'TT']v amoiwo't'] TOU xapal<'ti] pa TOU TomKou atlloacpatplkou nepl~omovtoe;, ama e nektelvovtat (Kupiwe; Ile TIC:; lleyoalle; twllakae; amayec:; OTIe; xp1')aele; TOU ei5acpoue;, AOYW TWV anamotplwtewv uno e~opu~ll ektoaewv) Kat ae OAO TO TomK6, OlKOVOlll KO, KOlVWV1KO, ~'1lloypacplKO, akollll Kat noaltlot1ko cpaalla TTlC:; wputeplle; neploxl')c:; TWV uno eklletolliuo't'] Al YVlTlKWV K01TaallaTWV, LTTl auykekp1ilevll, OIlWC:;, nepimwo't'], TO nepl~amovt1 KO Kat TO K01VWV1KO-01KOVOIlIKO «~apoe;» TO onolo enwlli~etat 0 TomKoc:; nall8uall0c:; TWV AlYV1TOCPOpWV neplo XWV iliac:; xwpac:; (~IlAai51') Yla TOV emllv1ko xwpo auyke Kpilleva, acp' evoe;, 11 neploxl') Ko~aVllC:; - ntoaella'i'i5ac:; Kat acp' etepou, 11 neploxl') MeYaAOnOAllC:;) npoc:; XaplV TllC:; napaywy1')c:; llaektplk1')e; evepyelac:;, eivat (auilcpwva Ile Ta napanavw avacpepolleva) aacpaawc:; lleyaautepo a no ekelvo nou aumall~ovel Kat KOTaypacpel 0 Il11XaVIal-loe; TTlC:; ayopae;, nal onwc:; autoc:; ekcppa~etat ana TTl ~. E. H., wc:; napaywyou TOU TeA1Kou npo'iovtoc:;, i511aa~1') TT)e; llaektplk1')e; evepyelae;. El~IKoTepa, av 8eAal-le va IllA1')aoulle Ile OlKOVOIlIKOUe; 0 poue;, TO «eawteplko» KOOTOC:; napaywyl')e; nou anotllla 11 ~. E.H. Kat TO onoio auvunoaoyl~etat O'TTlV TeNK1') TtI-l1') TT)C:; KlAO~OTWpae; TOU llaektplkou peullotoe; (O'T']IlEPlv1l auvamakt1kt] a~ia), i5ev avtavakao TO «OVTWC:; npaylla TtKO KOOTOe;» nou cpepel 11 TomK1') KOlvwvia TWV Mo napanavw avacpepollevwv neploxwv, OTIC:; onotee; napoyo VTat ana TTlV eklletomwo't'] TOU AlYVITT) Ol lleyaautepee; noaottltec:; llaektpik1')c:; evepyelac:; TTlC:; xwpae;. Kat auto auil~aivel, Y10Ti OTO " OVTWC:; npayijot1ko» auto KOOTOC:;, 8a enpene va aullneplaall~avetoi Kat va auvunoaoyl~etat Kat TO emnp6a8eto «~apoe;» TO onolo enw ~l~etatll TomK1') KOlvwvla TWV Mo napanavw neploxwv, eva «~opoc:;» nou eivat auvenakoaou80 TWV ~ual-levwv nepl~amovt1kwv emmwaewv Kat K01VWVtKO-OlKOVOlltKWV ~lavt1~poaewv, 01 onoiec:; Kat anoteaouv auilcputa Kat auvacp1') cpatvolleva TllC:; eklletomwo't']e; TWV A1YV1TtKWV TOUC:; KOITOallaTwv npoc:; napaywyl') llaektptk1')c:; evepyelac:;. 3. «E~wTtpIKte;» OIKOVo~lte; Kal «t~wttpik6» Kooroe; Tile; napaywy~e; IlAtKTpIK~e; tvtpytlae; ana AIYVITIl To emnpoa8eto auto «~opoe;» (nou avacpepetat napanavw OTt enwlli~etat 11 TOmK1') KOlvwvia TWV AtYV1TOCPOpwv neptoxwv TT)C:; xwpac:;), i5ev eivat napa 11 «e~wteplk1') avt10lkovollla» (external diseconomy 1') externality) 1') aa A1WC:; TO "e~wteptko KOOTOe;» (external cost) OTO ono(o a vacpepotov 0 Marshall. neplamhepo npoa~toptot1koc:; 0'TTl auykekp1llevll ewola elvat 0 Meade (1973:67) nou i5ivel TOV oplallo iliac:; OIKO VOIlIK1')c:; OXeO'T']C:; 11 onoia opi~etat wc:; "e~wteplkt]», we; e ~1')e; : «E~WT&PIK~» OIKOVO~IK~ np6~1'), &IVal tva ou~p6v TO 0 noio tx&1 we; anotta&o~a tva 6cp&Aoe; ~ ljia ~I')~ia 0& K{mOla 6To~a, Ta onoia ZS&V ~&T&ixav Ka86Aou, If ~& T&ixav ~&pikwe;, OTI') ArftPl')lJlae; an6cpaol')e;, I') onofa 0 ZSlfVl')o& 6~&oa If tj.l~&oa OTO avacp&p6~&vo ou~p6v.

3 164 E(VOl cpavepo OTt 0 napan6vw OPIOIJO<; nou li(vei 0 Meade, /3p(OKeTOl ere anoauttl OUVapTllOll KOI OVTIOTOIxia lje TI<; lilepyao(e<; nou enakoaou80uv TTl<; ekijenla AEuOll<; TWV A1YVITIKWV KOITaOI-lCrrwv npo<; napaywy~ 'l AE KTPIKl'j<; evepyelac;_ Kal aura, YlaTr ol1we; ouvayetoi ana Ta napan6vw, 'l a no AlyviTTl napaywyy1 TIle; 'laektpikl'je; evepyelae;, eivol e va TunlK6 napalielylja ls'll-lloupy(ae; KOI av6mu~'l C; "ef;wtepikwv» OIKOVOIJIWV, 01 onoiee;, OTllv nepimworll-lae;, 1JTI0pouv vo ekcppoosouv Kal va ljetp'lsouv lje Tl'\v evvoia TOU..ef;wTepIKou" KOOTOUe;. EllSlKoTepa, av SeAalJe va avtllilamelaoulje TIlv evvoio AOYIKl'j lilacpopaljeta~u, aq>' evo<;, TOU..eowTepIKou» KO OTOU<; TTl<; napaywyi'1e; 'laektpikl'je; evtpyelae; ana Alyvi TTl, Kal oq>' ettpou, TOU..e~wTepIKou» KOOTOU<; TIl<;. TO ono(o li'lijioupyeital ano Tie; ouvakoaousee; emmwoele; OTO nepl/36mov (xp'lolijonolwvta<; we; npoocpopotep'l 1J0va~a ovaywvnc: Kal IJtTPIlOll<; TI<; lipaxij <; ava KIAO /3OTwpa ft lipx / kwl1). So IJnopouoalJe va noulje 6''[1: ccec7wttpi KO KoarOe;>' ~Jlae; kwh IlA KTp.Kqe; evtpy.ae; napa yo~ VIle; anes A.yvfrll tlvo' TO KoarOe; noun p' Aa~pave. TIlV anaaaotpiwc71l KO. ono~il~iwc71l Tile; Y'le;. TO KoarOe; Tile; ~O p U~Il e; KOI ~etacpopae; TOU A.yviTIl, K09ciJe; Ka. Ta Koarll Tile; KaTaOKeu~e;. A.Toupyiae; Ka. CJUVTqpllC71le; TWV at~ol')a&ktp'kcijv ar09~cijv. Ka9we; Ka. Tile; anokataarac71le; (KaTO tvo' ~tpoe;) TWV e~opuy~t vwv e5acpcijv. «E~WTepIKo KoarOe;>' ~.ae; kwh I1A KTp'K~e; evipy.oe; napayo~ e vlle; on6 A,yviTI') IVO': a) TO C7uvoA.KO KoarOe; TIle; npoai1q.t'le; TWV ~11~ 'WV aro rjep,p6aaov. onou au TO tlva. 5uvaro. Ka9we; nic71')e; Ka. P) TO KoarOe; ano KaTaaraOl')e;. enavo!popae; ~ avampocprle; TWV ~~IWV ekti nou TO ~ttpa npoarooiae; TOU nepipaaaovtoe; 5ev eiva, 5uvaTo va AIl!P90uv. 4. (c E~WTtPIKO" KOarO~ Kal CCKOIVWVIKO" KOarOe; Tile; na pavwv~e; '1AtKTpIK~e; tvtpvt1ae; an6 AlyviTIl To mo YVWOTO "t ~WTe piko " KOorO<; TIle; nopoywyl')e; 'l AEKTpIKl'je; vtpyeloc;, npokaaeitoi - onw<; npoavolptp 81lKe - ana TIe; <'lij(ec; nou npokaati 'l lilaxuoll KOI lilaanop6 TWV oepiwv KOTaAoinwv TIle; KOUOll<; TOU AlyviTTJ atootijoocpolpiko nepl/36mov (stljo nou OnOTeAt( KOl TO OVTlKeilJevo TIle; napouoo<; epyoo(o<;). 'OIJWC;, nop6m'lao, OllIJOVTIKOTOTO "t~wteplko» KOOTOe; npoepxetol, enrolle;, ano T!1v avoonltwol"j nou npokaae( 'l onamotp(woll KOI KOTomv 'l e~opu~'l AlyviTll ana Xl Alo~ee; OTptlJlJOTa Ylle;, KOI 'l we; ek TOUTOU ouvakoaouen amayr'] TOU npoijnapxovtoe; xaptrj yewpylkwv KaA Alepyelwv TrJe; neploxne; 'AM0 en(oll<; OllIJOVTIKOTOTa KOOTll nou 80 IJnopouoav elsw va ovoq>epsouv ematktika, eivql 01 emlipaoele; OT'lv TOnlKn ayopa epyao(oe; O..ltiaTponl') TOU 0YPOTIKOU na'l 8uoIJoU cre!3ioljllxovlka epya<oljevoue;, au~'loll l'ou Tpl Toyevoue; TOlJeo nopaywyrle;) Ko8we; KOI 01 KOlvwvlKeC; lilanaokte; nou ouvenoyovtal Ta nopanavw (omayl') no AITlOIJIKWV npotunwv KOl KaTavaAwTIKwV OUlJneplq>opwv). Av, ouven we;, A'lCPSei UnOIV'l OTl, ektoe; ana TO "e~w1'e - PIKO» KOOToc; TWV nepl/3amovtlkwv emmwoewv nou npo KaAOUVTOI ana T'lV nop aywy~ IlAeKTpIKrle; &VepYEIOe; lje KOUOII-I'l UA'l TO A1YV(TrJ, So npem:1 va ouvunoaoylosouv KOI ljio akoaou8ia ana KOlvwvlKte; Kal OIKOVOIJIKec; lilepyao(ee;, KaSwc; KOI Ton LKec; xwplkte; ljetal3om c;, TOTe 'l noponavw ovocpepoljevll evvoia TOU (e ~WTepI Ko u " KO OTOUe;. avo~lal-lopcpwvetol KOI enekte(vetal, onoi5lliolje VT) we; " KOIVWVIKO" KOOTOe;. 'ETOI, OUlJcpwvo lje TO nopan6vw:..kolvwviko" KoarOe; ~,ae; kwh I')AeKTpIKrle; evtpyeloe; napay6~ evi')e; ana AlyvITIl. elval TO KoarOe; nou avtavakao Ka, KaAume. auvoaik6 6Aee; TIe; 51')lJlouPYOUlJevee; TonlKte; apvi')tikte; KOlVWVI KO-OI KOVO ~I Kte; lsl pyaoi C; KOI ~ TopoAte;. onwe; KOf oate; T'e; neplpaaaovti KtC; aaaolwoelc;, 01 onolee; 51l~'OupyouVTa. we; ouva KoAou90 Tile; ~OpU~Ile; Kal Tile; xp~olle; TOU AlyvfTi') we; Kauol~ou npoe; napaywy~ IlAeKTpIKrie; evtpyeloe;. 5. IrJlJaoia Tile; anotiijilolle; TOU cct~wttpikou)' KoarOUe; Tile; napavwv~e; IlA t KTPIK~~ tvtpvt1ae; an6 AIVVlrll IKonOe; TTJe; napouoae; epyaoioe; elvol 'l VOIJIOIJOTlKl'j a notif.llloll TaU «e~wtepiko U " KOOTOUe; nou 6'llJloupYeL 'l xpnol"j TOUAlyviTl'\ we; KouoilJoU yla TrJv napaywy., 'lat KTpIKfle; evepyeiol:;. KOI e l ~IKoTE pa 'l lipoxijikrl onotiij'lon au ljepouc; E:Keivou TaU «e~wte pi KOU» KOOTOUC;, TO ono 0 6m,II0upyeiTOI anokaelctnk6 ano TllV npokatlol"j <'l ~IWV OTO CPUOlKO nepll36mov, A6yw TTJC; OTIJOOq>OlpIKrle; punavolle; nou OCPelAtTOI OTa ekneljnoljeva aeplo KOla,,"oma TIle; KOUOlle; TOU AIYVITT). o M yoe; Yla TOV onolo liivt:tui tl-lcpaol"j Kal ee;eto<etoi OTllV napouoa epyao(a TO «e~wteplko» KOOTO<; TrJe; napaywyl'lc; IlAtKTPIK.,C; evepyeloe; nou npoepxetoi 1J0vov ono TO AIYV(TTl. KOI 0Xl KOI ano TIC; 6M e; 1J0pcpt c; 'lae KTponopoywyne;, e(vol Il Ol"J IJOVTIKOTa'TT'l OU ljljeto){fj TOU AlyviTTJ 0Tll OUVOAlKrl nopoywyf] 'latktpikr1 C; E:Vepyeloc; TTlC; xwpae;. AC; 0llIJelw8ei OTI TO nooooto OUIJIJETOxr'! e; OU A1yviTll we; KUPIOU KauoilJou OTllV em'lvikrl napaywyn 'laektplkrle; evtpyeloc; ex l1ot08eponolll8e( orlljepo OTO 77% nep(nou, KOI 1J00IOTa npo/3mnetol ljemo VTIK6 vo ou~'l8ei. Enmpo08tTwc;, 'l ekljet6m uoll TOU AlyviTT) e(vol OUYKPlTlK6 'lilovll 1J0PCPl') IlAeKTpOnopoyw Yne; nou npokaaei KOIVWVIKO-OIKOVOIJIKee; KOI nepll3oa AoVTlKtC; emmwoele; TOOO nolklaec;, ool3opee; KOI ouve XI~O ljevee;, Ka8c.i.le; KOI TOOO ljeyoailc; KAllJaKac; "e~wtep l K6.) O IKOVO~IIKa cpolvolleva. I e avtllilaotoarllje TO AlYVITrJ, 01 m:pl/3am.ovtikte; emmwo&ie; nou npokaaouvtoi ana TTlv napoywyl') IlAeKTPI Kne; evepy&lac; ana uypo KOUOllJa. elvoi eaty~lljee; KOI n6vtwc; nom IJIKpOTep'le; KAilJaKOe;. Oe; ek TOUTOU, TO a VTiaTOIXO «ee;wtepiko» KOOTOC; nou lillljloupyouv (xwp(c; l3e/3o(we; va anotlljotoi enokpll3we;, amo npooewlc:ttl Ka), Ol"JIJEpO "~'l anoli!i5etoi OTOV KaTo nepim woll yel TOVIKO TWV OVTiOTOIXWV 8epIJ0'lAeKTpIKWV OTaSIJWV yewypoq>iko Xwpo, uno TTl 1J0pcprllilaq>opwv «ovtlat081j1 OTIKWV o<peawv» (orrwc; KOtaOKeul'1 ana TrJ A. E. H. lilo CPOPWV KOIVWcp e:awv epywv rl ~IKT UWV un0601jf]c;) n pay TOtfrOU, TO noooato OUlJlJeTOxr'! c:; TWV uypwv KauoilJwV 0Tll OUVOAlKr1 napaywyrl 'latktpikrlc; evepyeloc; erval onljepa apketaljlt<po (10% nepinou). evw, TEAOe;, 01 OVT(OTOIXOI ncrpeaa'iko( 8ep~10 'l A e KTpIKo( OTOSIJO( (16iwe;

4 TE)(VIKO XPOVIKO 165 Ol veol), XWP08ETOUVTOl, KOTO KOVOVO, OE Ton08EO(Ee; 0 noijokpuoljevee;, ylo 1J1KPl'] neplj3omovt1ki'] Emj3opUVOT]. Ano TIlv elm'l naeupo, 'l nopoywyl'] 'lmktplki']e; EvepYE1 oe; nou npoepxetol ana T'lV O~IOnOI'lOT] TOU U~OTlVOU ~UVOIJIKOU TIle; xwpoe;, EnIOT]e; ~EV npoocpepetol Y10 TIlV onot(ij'lot] TOU «E~WTEP1KOU» TIle; KomOUe; IJE TIe; we; 0 VW OVOCPEpOIJEVEe; IJE80~oue;, Y10 elmoue; OIJWe; Myoue;, KOl OUYKEKpllJeVO EnEl~1'] TO U~PO'lAEKTP1KO epyo (cppoy IJOTO KOI TE)(V'lTee; A(IJVEe;), novto npoypoijijoti~ovtol 0 Xl We; epyo OnOKAElmlKO 'lmktponopoywyl']e;, amo We; epyo nomonaou OKonoU. Oe; EK TOUTOU, TO «E~WTEP1KO» KomOe; TWV U~pO'lAEKTP1KWV EPYWV, ouv!']8we; OUVEKT1 IJOTOI KOI ouvunoaoy(~etol We; IJEpOe; 1J(0e; ~IOCPOpET1KI']e; IJE80~OAOYIOe; O~loMY'lOT]e;, EmlOOIJEV'le; moue; ~dktee; ovomu~iokou xopoktf]po, KOI OUYKEKpllJeVO we; IJIO E VOPIJOV1~0IJEV'l OUIJIJETOxf] T'le; ~.E.H. mo OVT(mOlXO KPOTIKO neplcpepeloko npoypoljljoto TE)(V1KI']e; uno~o 1J1']e; (Op~EUOT]e;, U~pEUOT]e;, OVTLnA'lIJIJUpIKI']e; npomoo(oe;, o~ionoi'lot]e; OPE1VWV neploxwv) TIle; neplcpepe10e; OTllV onolo XWP08ETOUVTOl. Ae; OT]IJE1W8d OTI TO nooomo OUIJIJEToxf]e; TWV U~pO'lMKTP1KWV epywv 0Tll ouvo A1KI'] nopoywyf] 'lmktplki'je; EvepYE10e;, dvol mlot]e; op KETO 1J1KPO (neplnou 12%), mel~1'] TO U~pO'lMKTP1KO epyo XP'lOlIJOnOlOUVTOl OnOKAElmlKO Y10 TIlV KOAUlV'l IJOvov TWV OlXIJWV ~'ltl'joewe; llaektplki']e; EvepYE10e;. TeAoe;, OE O,TI ocpopo TIe; OVOVEWOlIJEe; n'lyee; EvepYE10e; (YEw8EPIJ1KI'], 'la10ki'] KOI 0l0A1KI']), TO nooomo TIle; OUIJ IJEToxf]e; TOUe; m'l OUVOAlKI'] nopoywyl'j 'laektplki']e; E vepye10e; TIle; Xwpoe; dvol OXEMv 1J'l~01J1VO (A1YOTEPO 0 no 1 %), KOI nepov TOUTOU, TO «E~WTEplKO" KomOe; TIle; AE1TOUpYIOe; TOUe; ~EV npoocpepet01, EniOT]e;, Y10 onoti 1J'l0T], EnEl~1'j - Y10 npocpovele; Myoue; - KPIVETOI we; E ~OlPETlKO 1J1KpO.. 6. EVOWlJaTWOll (~ towttplkonoilloll) TOU «t~wttpikou» K6OTOUe; Tile; napaywy~e; IlAtKTpIK~e; tvtpytlae; an6 AI'{VITIl OTIlV TtAIK~ TIIJ~ Tile; KIAopaTwpae; EivOl npocpovee;, OTI 0 moxoe; OAWV TWV IJEXPl mlljepo OE ~le8v!'] KAIIJOKO - npoan08e1wv VOIJ101J0TlKf]e; onoti 1J'l0T]e; TOU «E~WTEP1KOU» KomOUe; TIle; nopoywyl']e; 'lm KTplKI']e; EvepYElOe;, KOTeTElvE OTllv EVOWlJelTWOT] TOU KOmoue; OUTOU OTllv TlIJI'] KOTOVOAWOT]e; TIle; TomKO nopo YOIJEV'le; KLAoj3OTwpoe;, KOI OTllV KOTomv TOUTOU ono~o OT] TOU 0lKOVOIJ1KOU OUTOU IJEye80ue; OTllV TomKI'] neplcpepe10, YlO TIlV OVTllJETwmOT] TWV neplj3amovtlkwv (KUpIWe;) npoj3a'lljeltwv. KOI OUTO Y10TI EivOl EUAOYO nwe; ljio A1YV1TOCPOpO nepl CPEPEIO IJE KaMe; neplj3omovt1kee; ouv8i']kee; EfvOl ono ~E~E1YlJevO mo EAKUOT1KI'] OE O,TI ocpopo TIe; EnEvMOEIe; KOI YEVIKOTEPO OTllV «KOT01K'l0lIJOTllTO» TIle;, ana IJIO cia A'l ovtfmol)(tl, amo unoj3osij10ijev'l. (EV~E1KTlKI'] dvol 'l ElJnElp(o ana A1YVITOcpOpEe; neploxee; TIle; npw'lv AVOTO A1KI']e; rep 1J0v(0e;, onou 'l IJOKPOXPOVIO neplj3amovt1ki'] TOUe; unoj3oslj10t] ~UOKOAElVE 0'l1J0VT1KOTOTO TO npo YPOIJIJO 1~IWT1Konoll']oEwv TIle; OllIJEplv!']e; YEPIJOV1KI']e; KUj3epV'lOT]e;). AnOAUTO OXETIKO IlE TIe; A1YV1TOcpOpEe; neploxee; dvol OU TO nou OTllV opoaoyfo TIle; Eupwno"iKI']e; 'EVWOT]e; MYETOI «npot11j'l010ki'] neplj3amovt1kf] ~locpopono('lot] TOU K01 VOTIKOU OUVTEMaTI'j EVIOXUOT]e;, IlE moxo TIlV npows'lot] neplj3amovt1ko OElCPOP1KWV mev~uoewv», TO onoio OE 0 nm EM'lV1KO ono~i~etol we; KOTO npotepolotllto EV( OXUOT] TWV EnEV~UOEWV nou OUVTEAOUV OTllV «OEICPOpO» OVOmu~'l. LI']IJEPO, OTllV EMo~o, 'l TEA1KI'] K080pl'] T11J1'j KOTOVOAW OT]e; TIle; KLAoj3OTwpoe;, ~IOIJOPCPWVETOl KUpIWe; ana TO «E OWTEP1KO» KOOTll TIle; nopoywyl']e; T'le;, OTO ono(o npomfsevtol KOI TO «EOWTEP1KO» KOOTlllJeTOcpOpoe; KOI ~10 VOIJI']e; TIle;, K08we; KOI elmo EOWTEPIKO M1TOUPY1KO e~o ~O TIle; ~.E.H. 'OIJWe;, EVW TO noponovw OVOCPEPOIJEVO «EOWTEPIKO" KO 0Tll dvol OE OPKETO j3osilo EMY~IIJO KOI npoo~lopl~o IJEVO, OVTISeTO, TO OUVOAIKO «E~WTEplKO" KOOTOe; TIle; nopoywyf]e; 'laektplki']e; EvepYE10e; ono AlYVITll (YlO TOUe; M youe; nou ovocpep8'lkov OTle; npo'lyouijevee; nopoypocpoue;) SEwpdTOl nwe; dvol l~loltepwe; MOKOAO vo ovo AuSd, vo O~lOAOY'lSd. KOI OUVOKOAOUSO vo onotlij'lsd VOlJlOIJOTlKO, AOYW TIle; onpoo~loplmfoe; TWV OUVlOTWowv nou ouijj3omouv 0Tll ~loijopcpwml TOU. no TO Myo OUTO, 'l K08e npoanoselo EVOWIlOTWOT]e; TOU ue~wteplkou» KomoUe; nopoywyl']e;. OTllV TlIJI'] KOTOVO AWOT]e; T'le; KLAoj3OTwpoe; 'laektplki'je; EvepYElOe;, npoqn08ttel KOI ouvenoyetol TIlv ovomu~'l KOI xp'lolljonof 'lot] onoautwe; nopo~ektwv EmOTllIJOVlKWV IJESO~WV KOI ~OK1IJWV OlKOVOIJOAOY1KWV TE)(VlKWV VOlJlOIJOTlKf]e; ono TilJ'lmle; TOU. npoe; TOUTO, So npenel E~W va OT]IlElWSEl, nwe; I']~'l 'l OXeT1KI'] j31j3a10ypocpio OTOV TOl-leo OUTO dvol OPKETO 0 ~IOAOy'l, etol wme OUOTllI-IOT1Kf] KOI onoteawi-iot1 KI'] npoanoselo Y10 TIl OUVOA1KI'] VOlll0I-IOTlKI'] onotil-l'lot] TOU KomoUe; TWV neplj3amovt1kwv EmmwOEwv nou npo KaAd 'l xpl']ot] TOU A1YVITll, va I-InOpEI va ono~woel ono TEMol-iOTO OPKETO OKPlj31'], KOI Yl' OUTO EUPUTEPO ono ~EKTO. LTO OT]I-Ido OUTO, So npenel VO npootesd OTI 'l EWOlO TIle; EVOWI-I0TWOT]e; TOU "E~WTEplKOU» KOOTOUe; TWV neplj3amovtlkwv EmmWOEWV OTle; TEAlKee; Tll-lee; KOTOVOAW OT]e; TIle; 'laektplki'je; EvepYElOe;, exel I']~'l OPXI~El VO En'l PEO~El TIl ~'li-ioolovol-ilkf] KOl nopei-lj30t1ki'j noa1t1ki'] TWV KPOTWV - IJEAWV TIle; Eupwno'iKf]e; 'EVWOT]e;. (j3a. TIlV Emj30AI'j TOU AeY0I-IEVOU uneplj3amovtlkou I'] npoolvou" CPOpou mle; KOSE d~oue; EKnOl-inee; ~lo~el~iou TOU OVSPOKO YlO T'lV OVT1I-IETWmOT] TOU u<tlolv0l-levou TOU 8EPI-IOK'lnlou,,). n6vtwe;, IJE j300t] TIll-lexpl mlllepo El-inElpfo, 0 nmov M K11-I0e; TponOe; OUOTllI-I0TlKI']e; KOI SWl-IlKI'je; npooeyy10t]e; TIle; V0l-Il0I-I0TlKI']e; OnOTII-I'lOT]e; TWV EmmWOEWV mo 0 TI-IOOCPOlPlKO neplj3elmov, SO I']TOV ljeow TOU Emj3Ej3A'l I-IEVOU mo KpOTll - l-iea'l TIle; Eupwno'iKI']e; 'EvWOT]e;, SE 01-l0U TWV umeaetwv neplj3omovtlkwv EmmWOEWV». 'OI-IWe;, I-Iexpl TWPO, TOOO 0Tll VOIJOSEO(O TWV UnOAOLnWV Kpmwv -I-IEAWVTIle; Eupwno"iKf]e; 'EvwOT]e;, 'l ono(o npoo ~IOp(~El TO neplexoijevo TWV "MEmWV neplj3amovt1kwv EmmWOEWV", 000 KOI OTllV OVT(mOl)(Tl EM'lV1KI'] V0I-I0 SWIO (~'lao~1'j TO NOI-IO 1650/86, TIlv KOlv!'] YnoupYlKI'j A, nocpooll un' 0P1SI-I /90, KOSWe; KOI TIe; OVT(OTOlxEe; EPI-I'lvEUT1Kee; EYKUKA(OUe;), OU~EI-IIO I-Ivdo YIVETOl, amo OUTE KOI On01TelTOl KOS' Olov~l']noTE Tpono, '1 V0I-II0I-I0 TIKI'] onotfl-l'lot] TWV EKT1I-IWI-IEVWV KOI O~IOAOYOUI-IEVWV E

5 166 TtXVtK6 XPOVtKO ntmwoewv evoe; epyou. napo TQlJTa ofu..ltpo, t va tl5tattepwe; 0TI~aVTtK6!3r'Wa npoe; TT)v KOTeuSUVDrl Tr)e; VO~tO~OTtK~e; anoti~'1ot1e; TWV nt pt!3amovttkwv t mm woewv, SeWPelTOt TO yeyovoe; o n 1'\151'] exouv etooxser npo e; OU~r1nl OTl, C1'T'T]v EntTPOrtT'j TllC; EupwnoiKl'le; 'EvWOTle;. '1 Tponono(IlOTl TIle; l3oolkl')e; (ntaottkl') e;) K OtVOTtK~e; 0 15IlYlae; 337/85 npoe; TO KPan, pt AIl Tlle;. I UYKtKpll.t va, TO npotetvo~evo npooxtl5to OUn'le; TT)e; Tpononoi'1OllC;, ovo<jlepet OTt yta KoSe tpyo pt npo!3aeno~evee; OTl~ OVTtKee; entmwoete; ato <jluolkonept!36mov, 8a ancll't'eltot ato ~tmov Kat I) VO~ttOpOTtK~ a n OT i ~'1OT1 TWV entmwotwv TOU, we; TeAtKOlJ KOTaAIlKTtau Ilepoue; TIle; ovnatot)(1le; «MeAeTlle; TWV neptl)omo VTIKWV TaU Entmwaewy,>. Ao<pOAWe;, 0 npoq>ovf)e; atoxoe; TIle; n pol:ttv6f...ltvne; TpOnOnOI'1OT1e;, elvat 0 npoo15lopio'p6e; TOU ~eyeeouc; ~ta e; OtKOVOptK~e; MOP'1e; ana «0 vnatos~tattko f..itrpo", Ta onola anol5tl5opeva 8a (t nt I5OTouv» TIlV neploxrl nou 8ewpEiTOt OTl nar'jjrretat ana 1''1 xwp08t TllOTl Kat TTl AElToupyia TOU epyou autou. Mtpoc; 8': H OtPIO punov0'l ana TO AIYVITO-Ev&p YSIOKO KtVTpo nto'\&~o'i~oc; - A~uVTo f. ou (A.E.K.n.A.) 1. IuvomlK~ m:pivpacp~ TOU A.E.K.n.A. I TIl ytwvp Oq>IK~ AEKoVll Ko~oV1l e; - ntoae~afl5ae; - A~u VTO(O U, I3pfO'Kovrol auyk evtp w~eva Ta ~eyaaltttpo AI YVtTlKO anosellato Tr) C; xwpae;. I UYKeKpl~eva, TO yew AOYlKO on08e~ crro nou t xouv evtontosei E;enepvouv TOUe; TOVOUe;, evw ~e Ta O'T]~eplvo TexvoAoYlK6 KOl OlKOVO~lK6 15t15 o ~tv a, TO ek~etameuolpo onoee~o TO ekti\lwvtol oe TOVOUe; nou looi5uvopouv!.ie: 350, T6voue; netpe:aaiou. r lo trw &KIle:ToMtuOTI TWV AtYVlTlKWV an08e~atw v TIl e; neploxr'!e; autf)e;. 1l6,.E.H. ex l ovamue;et TO peyaalrr po vtpyelok6 Kevrpo TIl e; xwpae;. IUYKeKpllleva, ~I-Ie pa O'TI1V neploxl'! AelTOUpyOUv 4 ~ E:y6Aa epyoat60la llj\& KTponapoywy~e; I-Ie O UVOAIK~ IOXU MW, TO onoia nap6.youv TO n% Tll e; ouvoaik11e; IlAeKTpOnapaywy~e; T'1e; xwpae;. AvaAUTIKon:pa, KOTO o lpa apxolot'1tae; AetTOUPYOUv Ta napakcltw epy0atoolo napaywy~e; '1AeKTpIKr, e; e vepyelae; (A.H.I. ~ OT ~to'1aektpi K OI ata8~01). 0 A.H.I. ntoa&j.ia'iaac; (1959) pe Tt ooe: ple; ~ovmee; OUVO AIK~e; IOXUOC; 620 MW, Kat en'lola (1991) napaywvrl 3.385*106 kwh. 0 A.H.I. Kaplil6e; (1 975) ~ e TeoO'eple; l-iov615e:e; OUVo AI K1'!e; toxuoe; MW, KOI en'}ola (1991) nopoy ()j y~ 5.540*10 8 kwh. 0 A.H.I. Ay. bilj.liltp(ou (1982) ~ n&vte ~ovmie e; ouvoaikf}e; laxuoe; MW, Kat enlola napaywyf} 6.650*10 6 kwh.. 0 A.H.I. AJ.luvrafou (1988) Ile Mo 1-I0vol5ee; OUVOAl K~e; IOXUOe; 600 MW, Kat et~ol(l napaywyl'r 3.238* 10 6 kwh. ErtlOTI e;, Aerroupyo ' aov l-iexpt npoo<jloto KOVTO OTl1v rltoael-lciil5o TO pyoaroolo a~wtouxu)v Atnaa~6Twv (A EBAA) Kat TO epy0atoolo AlYVtTOnAlv8wv Kat E;IlPOU AIyvhTj. I u~q>wva ~e TO veo avarrrue;lako np6ypa~~a TIle; t.eh, IJEXPt TO 2010, npokettol va eykotoata80uv OTTlv ne PIOX~ Kat 01 nopokotw veee; ~ ov6~ ee;: '1 povo6a «III»TOU A.H.I. AIJUVTaIOU, Kat Ot l-i0vo15ee; «I» Kat «II» TOU veou A.H.I. <l>awptvae; &Kn&~n6~&VOI aeploi punol an6 TO I\.E.K.n.A. Kal 01 n&pipaaaovtik&~ TOU~ emmwo&ic; o AIYV(TIle; eivol eva n pooxwo'lyevee; av8pokouxo ne TPWPO, TO ono(o OXllIJ01'{a811KE, 0'8 m:p(ol5o e KOTO~~Upiwv etwv, ana TIlv avoep0!3lo onoouv8eoll opyavikwv OUO'IWV, Kat - onwe; npoava<jlep8'1ke - ~~epa XP'1Ol~OnOlt hol we; Ka00l~'1 UA'1 0'&6AOU <:; TOUe; ~eyaa'1c; loxuoc; OTpO'1AeKTpIKOUe; ata8~oue; Tlle; t..e.h. KOTO TO 1991, eknel-lq>8'lkav 01'0 OT~00<jlatPtK6 nept!3am ovltje; neplox~e; 6nou AetTOupyelTo A.E.K. n.a., we; K01'aAotna TIle; KauOTIe; TOU AlYVITll, 01 napakotw nooo TllTee; m:piwv punwv: - Ioop01'(6Ia Ima~evne; Te<jlpae; r ~v. f} 5, 18g/kWh. - f11 0~e: 16 Io TOU 8elou TOVOI: 1 ~ 5,50 g/kwh. - OE; 15la TOUO~WTO U T6vOt: l'j 2,40 g/kwh. - f1lo~ef15 l o TOU 6v8pOKO : T6vol OL napanovw eknollrree; aepiwv punwv O'uver lvav (0' O'tJV15uo0'J..l6 ~E 15 u O' ~ ev e:(e; l-ietewpoaoylkee; O'uv8l'jKee;) 01'0 auxvo avttarjm6 q>o IVO~ Va, aq>' ev6<:;,tile; Aaq>po<:; C'5uaoalJlae;, Kat a<jl' er&pou, T11e; ~dwotle; TIle; opm6t1l TOe; oe KaTOIKTl~evee; neploxte;. ge13 IWe;, KTo <:; ana TOUe; napcm6vw avoq> p6i-1evoue; pljnouc;, Ot onoioi eknepnovtol ana TIe; Kanvol56xoue; OTllVOTIJOo<jlOlpa we; npo'(ov Tile; KauO'le; TOU AIYVITll, Q epla punavoll at OW~OTII5LO Kat OKOV1l npokaaouv, ent 0"1 <:, 01 I5la15IKoo(ee; Tll e; I-I TO<jlop6e; an6 TO opuxe:(a, TIle; PllXOVIKnC; 8pOUOTle;, Ko8we; KOl TIle; AelO1'pl!311OTlC; TOU AtyvfTll nplv ana TIlVKauOll TOU, 6nwe; en(o'l1e; KOIll Koala TIl e; ~etaq>opo e; Kat Tl1e; onopplljjlle; 0' El15IKOUe; xwpoue; TOU atepeou KOTaAoinou TIle; KauOTle;, 6'1Aal5l'1 TIle: U<jluYP'1e; Teq>pae;. 3. Henl1pea~6~evl1 vewvpacplk~ neplcp&pela an6 TIC; neplpaaaovti K&C; emmwoel C; TOUA.E.K.n.A. H pexpi ~~epa A8lTOUPY[O TOU AIYVIT0'1AeKTPIKOU Ke Vlp OU rltoae~ofl5ae; - A~ u VTa OU, ene<jlepe O'lI-lOVTtKOTO TEe: ne:pll3amovtikec; OMOtWO'ElC;, 1'600 ato Xepooio KUp(WC; - 01'0 at~ OO<jlalpI K6 nept!36m ov, TIle; neplo ~e;. t::.sv dvol TUXo 0 TO yeyov6e; 6n II nepi<jlepsiq oun'] eewpeltat we; '1 nmov em!3ap,w v'l ato OTI-I00<jlatPIKO nepll36mov neploxrl TOU emilvlkou XWpOU ol-lEva Yla ne; eknol-inee; oep(wv punwvtou A.E.K.n.A. A~q>81lKav an6 TO eykatwtllp VO O'TI1v neploxrl O(KTUO a n6 14 OTa81J0ue; ~etp~o&wvtil C: t..e.h. Ol eknol-lnee;tou A.E.K. n A ato OT~00<jl at PlK6 nepi!36mov 6taxeoVToi O'e Il(a yewypa<jliki'i m:plcpepeto pe apket6 ooq>l'! xapoktt]

6 TeXVlKo XPOVlKO 167 PlOTlKO avayhucpou TOU diocpoue;. Ta opla TIle; yewypacplktle; autf)e; neplcp pelae; npoo~lop(ot'lkav f.le ~OOT] KUp(We; ne; f.le}'bee; TWV MnepyeM (E.M.n ), AOT]f.laKOnOUAou (1990) Kat Zepecpou (A.n.S ), f.le ne; onolee; npooof.lolws'lke Kat f.le TpI']S'lKe 'l i5l0xuot] TWV aeplwv punwv TOU J\.E.K.n.A. OTO atf.loocpatplko nepl~omov TIle; neploxf)e;. Eneli51'] TO nepl~amovnko i5ei5of.leva, OTOlXela Kat i5e( KTee; TIle; yewypacplki']e; autile; neplcpepelae;, en'lpeo~o VTat f.lf.leoa Tl Of.leoa ana TIlV avomu~'l Kat T'l AelTOUpy(a TOU I\lYVlTo-EvepyelaKou K VTPOU, Yl' auto 'l yewypacplktl autf) neplcp pela Sa avacpepetat OTO napov op Spo we; l1&plcptp&la n&plpamovtikc;)v EmmWO&WVTOU I\lYVlTo-EvepyelaKou KeVTpou TIle; 6.E.H. rewf.l0pcpoaoylko 'l neplcpepela nepl~amovtlkwv Em mwoewv anoteael eva UtV(nei5o nou neplkaeletat ana tv'lm Kal f.lomov anotof.la ~ouvo. ruykekplf.l Va, TO U tv(nei5o auto exel oxtlf.la neplnou 0PSOYWVlO, TOU ono( ou Ol f.lakplv e; naeupee; opi~ovtat ana Mo nap6mt]aoue; opelvoue; 0YKOUe;, OTa f.lev avatoalko ana TO opoe; Bepf.110 Kat OTa i5e i5utlko ana TO OP'l AOKlO Kat B(TOL,ETOI, 'l neplcp pela nepl~amovtlkwv Emmwoewv TOU I\.EKIl.A., anof.lovwvetat yewypacplko ana ne; yupw neplox e; TIle; xwpae;, evw cpuolk e; i5lt~0i50l i5laf.l0pcpwvo VTat f.lovo OTO ~opelo Kat vono Tf.lrlf.la TIle;. To f.li']koe; TOU UtVLnei50u nou opl~etat etol, f.letpwf.levo ana ~oppo npoe; VOTO e(vat neplnou 80 xlalof.letpa, evw 40 neplnou XlAlOf.leTpa elvat TO nmtoe; TOU. H OUVOAlKTl TOU KTaOT] elvat nep(nou TeTpaywvlKo XLAlOf.leTpa. H yewf.l0pcpoaoy(a TOU nepltplyuplof.l VOU ana ~ouvo autou UtVLn i5ou elvat KaTO TO f.leyloto f.l poe; Of.laAl'] Kat xwp(e; ei5acplkee; e~opoele;. ruykekplf.leva, TO UtV(nei5o anoteae(tal ana Tpele; i5lai5oxlkee; OXTJf.lan~Of.levee; nei5lvee; AeKovee;, i5'laai51'] TIle; Ko~oV'le;, TIle; ntoaef.la'l'i5ae; Kat TOU Af.lUVTa(ou, 01 ono( ee; i5laxwpl~ovtat f.leta~u TOUe; ana Xaf.l'lAOUe; Kat f.le e Aacppo KAIOll Mcpoue;. To OUVOAO TOU na'lsuof.lou nou i5la~le( OTa aotlko Kat 'lf.llaotiko KeVTpa T'le; neplcpepelae; nepl~amovtlkwv E mmwoewv, KaSWe; Kat TOUe; aypotlkoue; OlKlOIlOUe; TIle;, na'lolo~el oi']f.lepa ne; KaTolKoue; f.le f.leot] nu KvoTT]Ta neplnou 40 KaTO(KOUe; avo TeTpaywvlKo XLAlOf.leTpo. 4. To &OWT&PIKO KOOTOc; IlA&KTpO"apaywy~c; TOU J\.E.K.n.A. IlPlV ano Olai5TlnOTe npoonosela anotlf.l'lolle; TOU «e~w TeplKou» KOOTOUe; TIle; AelToupYlae; TOU I\.E.K.n.A. OTr]V neplcp pela nepl~amovtlkwv TOU Emmwoewv, Sewpel Tat xpi']olf.lo va e(vat YVWOTO enakpl~we; (we; OUYKp(Olf.l0 f.ltyesoe;) TO «eowteplko» KOOTOe; TWV ekel napayof.l VWV KLAO~aTWPWV TOU. ruf.lcpwva, AOLnOV, ~ Ta OTOlXela TIle; revlktle; 6leuSUVOlle; OlKOV0f.llKOU TIle; 6EH, TO «eowteplko" KOOTOe; Yla TIlV nopaywyf) f.llae; KLAO~aTWpae; (kwh) OTO I\.E.K.n.A., i5la 1l0PCPwS'lKe KOTO TO etll 1991, 1992 Kat 1993 we; ako AOUSWe;: 1991: 8,95 ~PX. / kwh I'] 0,035 ECU / GWh. 1992: 9,28 i5px. / kwh Tl 0,036 ECU / GWh. 1993: 9,61 i5px. / kwh I'] 0,037 ECU / GWh. r'lf.lelwvetat on Ta napanovw f.ley S'l e(vql anohutwe; evi5elktlko TOU nooo cps'lvf) e(vql OUYKPlTlKO 'l nf.ll'] TIle; ana AlYVITll nopayof.lev'le; KLAO~aTWpae; 'laektplki']e; e V pyelae;, i5ei5of.l VOU on Yla TO (i5l0 TIl, Ol Tlf.lee; TIle; a no uypo KaUOlf.la (netp AQlo) napayof.levtle; KLAO~aTWpae; elvql 10.90, KQl i5px. / kwh avtiotolxa, evw Ol Tlf.l e; TIle; ana ui5po'laektplko pya napay0f.lev'le; KLAO~aTWpae; e(vat 13.38, Kat i5px. / kwh. Mtpoc; r': NO~la~OTlK~ onoti~l1al1 TOU «&~WT&PI KOU» KOmouc; TWV n&pl~o.uovtikwv & mmwa&wv ono TIC; &Kno~ntc; o&pfwv punwv TOU A.E.K.n.A. [J\6yw TIle; KTaOlle; nou Sa KaTaAOf.l~aVe 'l natlp'le; a vomu~tl TIle;, KaTO To~ea emmwoewv, f.lesoi5oaoy(ae; a not(f.l'lolle; nou XP'lOlf.lOnOlTlS'lKe, Kat Myw TIle; AAeltV'le; TOU anattouf.levou xwpou, SeWPTlS'lKe OKOmf.lO va i50sel Yla Ko8e anonf.lwf.levo TOll a emmwoewv, (ccav 9pwmv'l Vy&ia», ccnav(~a», ccxawpi~a»,,,~6o'l», «r& WPYIKtC; KaAAltpY&I&C;» Kal,(OIKO~OJ.lIK6 VAIK6») f.l(a e VTeAWe; ouvomlktl avacpopo TIle; akoaous'lseloae; f.lesoi5oaoy(ae; anotif.l'lolle;, evw f.leyaautep'l f.lcpaoll MS'lKe OTr]V neplypacpl'] TWV emmwoewv]. 1. A"OTI~1l01l TWV &mmwo&wv OTllv avepwmvll uyda Ol aeplol punol emi5pouv, TOOO OTr]V uye(a TWV epya~of.l VWV OTle; eykataotooele; TOU I\.EKn.A. 000 KQl - yevlkotepa - OTOV na'lsuof.lo TIle; neplcpepelae; nepl~amo VTlKWV Emmwoewv. Eli5lKOTepa (ouf.lcpwva f.le na'lpocpop(ee; nou XOUV OUA AeXSel ana Ta VOOOK0f.le(a «Maf.lOTOelO" T'le; Ko~oV'le;, «Mnoi5oooKelO» TIle; rl'roaellawae; KQl ana TO N0f.lapXla KO NooOKOIle(O <l>awplvae;, KaSWe; Kat ana TOUe; latpl KOUe; ouaa6youe; TIle; neploxf)e;) exouv KaTaypacpel Ta napakotw nasoaoylko ouf.lmwf.lato nou oxet(~ovtql f.lf.leoa I'] of.leoa f.le Tie; eknof.ln e; aep(wv punwv nou npo PXOVTQl ana TIl AelToupy(a TOU I\.EKn.A.: * 'Exouv napottjp'lsel - KUp(We; OTa npwto TIl AelTOUpy(ae; TOU J\.E.K.n.A. - neplotanko ef.lcpovlolle; enayyeaf.latlkwv aosevelwv, onwe; nveuf.l0vokov(aolle;, 'l 0 nora ef.lcpav(~etat oe epya~of.levoue; OTr]V e~opu~'l KQl TIlV TPl~1'] TOU AlYV1Tll KQl ocpel\etql OTr]V elonvotl TIle; AemOTaTlle; nalnoa'le; TOU. * 'EXel, eniolle;, napottjp'lsel euat08'loia TOU na'lsuof.lou oe vool']f.lata TOU avanveuotlkou OUonlf.laTOe;, onwe; MonvOlee; ana ~poyxitli5ee; Kat aosf.latikee; KaTaOTOoele;, KaSWe; KQl yevlkotepa KonOla evtaot] TIle; VOOllpOTllTae; OTle; nati5lkee; 'lalk(ee; f.le anot AeOf.la TIlV au ~'l0ll TWV anouolwv ana Ta oxoaela Tl ana Tie; epyao(ee;, oe neplmwoele; ev'laikwv. * TEAOe;, unopxouv evi5e(~ele; enli5elvwolle; TIle; yevlktle; KOToOTaOlle; Kp(Olf.lWV Kapi5lonaSwv Kat nveuf.lovona SWV aosevwv, KaSWe; eniolle; Kat au~'lot] TOU nooo

7 168 Te)(VIKO XPOVIKO OTOU yevlkyic; 8vr1011l6111Tac; atoilwv I.l nveullovikee; ~ I Kap~laKEe; na9~oele; KaTO TIe; IlEpee; I.l au~i1ilevee; OU YKeVTpWOele; aep(wv punwv. H opl91l11tikn OUYKPI011 lleta~u, aq>' ev6e; Ilev, TWV no OOOTWV nie; un6 KaVOVIKEe; ouv9~kee; - OUIlq>wva Ile TO f.le9vji Opyavloll6 Yye(ae; - ellq>ovi011e; TWV napanovw na80aoylkwv ou~w~mwv, Kal aq>' ttepou, TWV noe1o OTWV TWV napo uma~oil&vwv Olll ouykekpiilev11 m:pl(j)tpela na90mylkwv ouljmwljmwv, KaT&~el~e KaTa Ta TelI.eUTa(a xpovla O11llavnKYi ~laq>opono('1011 un&p TWV C5eU Tepwv. I uvenwe;, 11 9tTlKTl Zilaq>opo nou ellq>av(~1 TO noooot6 ellq>ovi011e; TWV napanavw na90aoylkwv OUIll'irWIlOTWV Il oa OTl1v neplq>epelo nepl~amovtikwv Emmwoewv, an OO~ 't al (OUYKp(VOVTae; Ile avtiotolxa q>a1v61.l Va nou n apo uo lo~ovtal oe AIYVITOq>Opee; nepiox&e; llle; Ayy'A.iae; 'Kat r &Pllavfae;, KOI "-all~ovovrae; un6ljl11 ouvepyiotlt< e; e mlspooele; an6 TOmKOlltTeWpoAoYIKO q>alv6ileva) Olllv a U ~TJ~V11 napouoca aep(wv punwv nou npo&pxovtoi a n6 T'lv Kau011 TOUAtyviT'l. Me ~a011 TIC; napanavw ISlamOTwoelC;, unoaoy(0911k& TO " ~CJm:pIKO" K6OlOC; nou npokaae(tal an6 TO eni nmov TOU KOVOVIKOU noooolo ej.lq>avi011e; na90aoylkwv au IlmwlloTwv oq>elll.0llevwv arllv aepla punav011, OTOUe; napakcrrw ouykekpll-ievoue; T0l.l (e;: - AnwAtla eloo~l']llatoe; oq>elll.ollev11 oe anouo!t:e; TWV ep ya~olltvwv ana TIe; epyaoiee; TOUe;. - AnwAtla «eloooflllatoc;" oq>e1a6llev11 at a08tvelee; npoownwv IlOVO Ile OtKlaKYi anaoxoai1otj. - AU~I1011 TWV VoooKollelaKwv ~anavwv Yla voo11atia a 0gevwv IlE npwtoyeve(e; f] Zieun:poyeve(e; KaplSloavanveuOTIKEC; Kat nveuilovoaoyikte; na9f]oele;. - AU ~I1011 TWV Zianavwv Yla epyaotllplaktc; e~ooelc; Kal q>apllakeutiktl unoon; pl~11 a0gevwv Ile npwtoyeve(c; KapZiloavonveuOTlKtc; Kat nveullovom YlKte; na9i']atlc;. - AU ~IlOTJ TWV Zianavwv Yla ekotpate(ee; npoat'jljlewc; Kal ev11llepwo&we; TWVepya~OJ.ltvwv OTO A.E.K.n.A., Ka9we; Kal TOU euplrr'epou natj9uoilou. I UIlq>wva Ile Ta napanavw, TO unoaoyi~ollevo "e~wte PIK6" (I'] KOIVWVlK6) K6OTOe; nou npokaaouv Ol eknoljnt c; oep(wv punwv Olllv uye(o TOU nall9uollou, Iltoo OlO 6 pia T'le; n eplq>tpelae; nepl(3amovtikwv Emmwatwv TOU A E.K.n.A., q>90vel TO ~PX I'] amlwe; Tle; 0,203 ~PX. / KWh, o Tlllte; ArroTf~ f1afj TWV &nnrrwa wv atfjv nayllia H otllooq>alplkf] punov011 anot&ll.t( tvav an6 l OUe; 00 (3op6Tepoue; KOI 010 ~llllloy6voue; nap6yovtee; nou em ISpoOv OTIlV KaTOarOO11 T'le; uyeiae; TWV ~wvtavwv opya VlOIJWV. H en(lspaotl aun; EfvOl em olle011, amo elte Kat tljllt011 IlEOW, ZitUTepeu6VTWv ouvepyiotikwv anot&a oj.lmwv. nlo ouykekpllltvo, 11 OUYKEVTPWOTl aep(wv punwv OlO ClTIJooq>olplK6 nepl(3omov T'le; neplq>epelae; n epi(3amo VTlKWV EmmwoewvTOU A.E.K.nA, oe ouv~uaoll6lle III ZilaZiIKaoia e~6p u ~'le; at ll&y6aee; ektooele; opuxeiwv, E xouv OZi'l~Oel ere OTlllaVTIKf] I.l (WOTl TOU 0p191l0U TWV IlIKpWV 0YPIWV ~wwv, Ko9we; KOI TWV "T'lVWV nou aq>90 vouoov OTIlv neploxl'!, Myw o15uvall(oe; &~eupeotle; T'le; TpOq>~e; TOUe;. nopomilaa, Il emko9'l011 T'le; Ttq>pae; oe oploljtvee; neploxte; (300KOT6nwv txtl 0'11l0vrlKO entlpeooel T'l (360KT)011 TWV ~ooel15wv KOI Aty6Tepo TWV a IlVOePlq>(WV. H OIKOVO IlIK~ anotfil11o'1 TWV ~lllllwv nou npo~9llkav OT'lV nav(tio Tl'lC; neplq>tpelac; nepl(3omovrlkwv EmnTWaewv t Ylve Ile avaaoyiko Tp6no Ile ~00Tl OIKOVOlllKa. OlOIXe(O ovrioloixwv lleaetwv on6 T'lV npwllv f.ut~ r epllovio, Myw T'le; 1~(Oe; noi6t11tae; TOU yepllovlkou At YV(lll (Hohmeyer 0., 1988: 66-68), oq>ou &Afjq>9r)oav u n6ljl'l 01 avaykoiee; npooaplloyee; IltTeWpoAoYIKWV lsec5ol.l vwv Kat Zilaonopoe; TWV punwv.! ullq>wva Ile Ta nopanavw, TO unoaoyil;61levo << ~WT& PIK6" (1'1 KOIVWVIK6) K6OlOe; nou npokaaouv 01 eknollnte; punwv OTIlv nov(~o, Iltoo OlO 6PlO llle; l;wv11e; nepi(3aa AOVTIKWV emmwoewv TOU A.E.K.n.A., q>90vel TO ~PX. f] Tie; apx. / KWh at Tlllte; AnoTi~FJCJI1 IWY &nlntwatwv atfj XAwprlia H tpeuvo Yla T'lv &KTIIlIlO'1 TWV l;i1iliwv 0T11 XAWp(Z)O~ U OKOAtllT'lK& nom an6 TO yeyov6e; OTI 01 ~11j..ll tc; nou npo KaAOUVTOI Ola q>uto Kal o<pe(aovtol OlllV atj,loo<pmpikyi punovotj, Zi&v ~exwpl~ouv nom ana eke(vee; nou o<pe( AOVTOI oe q>uoikte; emzipao&ie;, onwc;, Ylo nopo15elylla, amayte; OlO K'A.(1J0. (Metz A.M., 1988: 28-39). nopo TaUtO, oe alleoa entlpea~6ilevee; neploxec; TIle; nepupepetae; neplf3dmovtlkwv Emmwoewv TOU A.E.K.n.A., nopclt1l P~9'lKaV ouykekpllllvo <palv61l&va lje(wo'1e; llle; av6mu ~'le; 0PIOIl VWV elz)wv 90IlVO&II5WV, Ko9we; KOllJe( w011c; TOU naxoue; llle; KOAuljll1e; at XOptOAIf30Z)IKtC; e KtOatle;. Ta q>alv6lleva auta npoepxovtat KaTa t vo ll poe; an6 a lje011 eniz)po011 TWV aep(wv PlmWV OlO e~wt p IKO cm: A&)(fl TOU KOPIlOU TWV <putikwv el6wv (Innes J.L., 1987: ) Kal KaTa eva IJtpo<\ Ileow llle; anopp0<pllof]e; TOUe; 1510 TOUe; &M<poue; (Heck W.w., 1989: 37-48). H OIKOVOIJIKf] anot{il'lo'1 TWV ~'l IJIWV nou npok'a.~911kav 0T11 XAwp(Sa tile; nepl<pepelae; n eplf3oaaovtikwv Emm woewv t Ylve J.le avaaoyik6 Tp6no ~e 1300'1 OIKOVOIlIKO Ololxe(a avtiololxwv llell.&twv ana lllv npwllv t.utikf] r epllav(a, Myw llle; 1Z)(0e; noi6111tae; TOU yepllavlkou 11.1 yvrn, (Hohmeyer O. 1988: 63 65, Metz A.M., 1988: 45 49), oq>ou en;<p9'loav un6ljlll 01 ovoykalee; npooaplloytc; ll TewpoAoYIKWV Z)eZ)olJtvwv Kal Z)laonopae; TWV punwv.! ul-lq>wvo Ile Ta nopanovw, TO unoaoyil;6llevo..&~wtep1k6.. (f) KOIVWVIK6) K6oroe; nou npokaaouv 0T11 XAWp( Z)o 01 EKnollnte; oep{wv punwv IlEoa OTO opla lllc: ~WV11e; n&pi~amovtikwv emmwoewv TOU A.E.K.nA, KUlla(ve TOI on ewe; ~PX. rll::laatwc; an6 0,050 ~PX. / KWh ewe; 0,080 ~PX. / KWh, at TIlltC; AnOTf ~FJaFJ TWY nlmwa wy atlc; Y WPYIKtC; KaA AltpY Itc; To O11llaVTIKOTepa npof3a~ljato nou npokaaouv 01 &Knelln6IJevoi OTIlV atll60<palpa aepiol punol elval, T600 01

8 T )(VIKO XPOVIKO 169 OUYK VTPWO l(~ OWj..101'IlSfWV ImOj..leVTJ~ Teq>pOe; 000 KOI 01 OUYK VTpWO Ie; ISIO~ IIS(ou TOU Se:lou. To owj..101'fisio Imoj..leVTJe; Teq>pOe; nou evton(08'1kov, npoepxovtol NyoTepo ana TIe; eknoj..lnee; oep(wv punwv (Myw TTle; nom KaAl']e; onomoewe; (99%) TWV eyk01'eottjj..levwv OTOUe; A.H.I. '1A KTPOOTOTIKWV q>iatpwv) KOl neploootepo ana TTllSlolSIKoofo e~opu~'1e; KOSWe; KOI o~o BeO'1e; TWV OTepewv KOTaAoinwv (OT peoe; Teq>pOe;) TTle; KOUO'1e; TOU AIYV(TTl. To owj..101'(isio TTle; Teq>pOe;, j..letoq>epoj..levo j..le TOV oepo emkosovtol OTO q>umo KOI OTOUe; j..lioxoue; TWV K'1neUTIKWv KOI TWV yewpyikwv KoMlepyel WV KOllSuOKOA UOUV TTllSlonvol'] TOUe;. (Unsworth M.H., 1991: 96-99). nop6m'1ao, TO ISIO~ fisio TOU Sdou OVTIlSpo OTTJV O1'j..l0 Oq>OlpO j..le TOUe; UlSp01'j..lOUe; nou ono[36movtol ana TOUe; nupyoue; IVu~lle; TWV A.H.I. KOI O)(Tlj..101'I~el OpOlO OTOYO V(ISIO SeuKou o~eoe;, nou emkosflj..levo OTIe; KaMlepyelee; j..lelwvouv TTlv ovomu~'1 TWV q>utwv KOI ouvenwe; KOI TIe; KIlneUTIKee; KOI yewpyikee; TOUe; onomoele;. (Koziol M.J. and Whatley F.R., 1984: 45-67). 'ETOI, Ylo TTlv OIKOVOj..lIKI'] onot(j..l'1oll TWV nepi[3amovti KWV ~T]j..lIWV, K01'OypOq>'1KOV ana TIe; lueusuvoele; rewpy(oe; TWV NOj..loPXIWV Ko~oVTJe; KOI <l>awplvoe; 01 KuploTepee; KaMlepye:lte; OTTJv neplq>epelo nepi[3amovtikwv E mmwoewv nou eivol KOTO oelpo onouisolottltoe; 01 KOA Alepyele:e; OlTapIOU, Kpl8aplou, o(kaai1<;, IlpwtJl1<;, tjm ~ AIWV KOI cpaooalwv. KOTomv, K01'oypoq>T]Ke T] OUVOAIK~ KaMlepyou~eVTJ e KTOOll KOTO (lsoe; KaMlepyeloe;, 01 nooottltee; OUYKOj..lI 1S1']e;, 01 Tljlte; l-i0v6i50e; nwat]olle; K.An. AKoAouSwe;, I-Ie [3oOll TIe; uq>iotoj..levee; j..lemt e; ISI0onOpoe; TWV oep(wv punwv (Zerefos C. et al , Bergheles G., 1992), evton(ost]kovtonoaoyiko OTO nmov XOPOKTTJPIOTIKO Ollj..ldo TWV KaANepYTlOlj..lwV ektooewv TTle; neplq>epeloe; nepi[3amovtlkwv Emmwoewv, 01 K01'oyeYP0j..l\.1evee; 0UYKeVTpwoele;, TOOO TWV OWj..lOTIlSfwv TTle; Teq>pOe; 000 KOI - KUp(We; - TOU ISlo~ellS(ou TOU Sdou. OIj..l Tp~O Ie; OUTee; eq>opj..l0ottjkov oe eiisikoue; - Ylo KO S eva ana TO noponovw dlst]kaml pyelwv - TunoUe;. ~Iowoewv, 01 ono(oi 1S10j..lOpq>WST]KOV oe yewpyiko peuv'ltlko KeVTpo j..leto ana j..lokpoxpovi e; epeuvee;. (Taylor H., Ashmore M.R. and Bell J.N.B., 1986: 41-87). 01 IISIKO( OUTO( TlJnOl e~lowoewv, OVOAOYO j..l TO j..leye Soe; TTle; 0UYKeVTpWOlle; TWV o pfwv punwv KOTO neplo ~, elswoov TO KTlj..lwj..levO nf TOLe; KOTO nooooto j..lel WOlle; TTle; nopoywyf]e; TOU K68e KaMI pyouj..levou 1 lsoue;, j..le [300ll TO ono(o unoaoyf08t]k ISpOXJ.lIKO TO KO OTOe; TTle; onwa IOe; TTle; OUYKOj..lIISI']e;. IUj..lq>wvo j..l TO noponovw, TO unoaoyi~oi-l VO «~WT PIKO" (~ KOIVWVIKO) KOOTOe; nou npokaaouv j..leoo OTO 0 pia TTle; n plq>ep loe; n pi[3amovtikwv Emmwo wv TOU J\.E.K.nA 01 KnOj..lnee; oepiwv punwv OTIe; KT]n UTIKee; KOI y wpyikee; KaMLtpY l e; KUj..lO(V TOl ono ewe; lipx. I'] amlwe; ono 0,041 lipx. / KWh ewe; 0,060 ~PX. / KWh, oe: Tlj..lee; AnOTIJJ~C1rJ TWV tmmwatwv aro ~aa~ H O1'j..lOOq>OIPIKI'J PUnovOll OUVTeA ( K01'O eva j..lepoe; OTTJV K01'OOTPOq>1'J TWV 1S00wv. H EMolSo ouj..lj..lettx 1 ana TO 1988 OTO KOIVOTIKO npoypoj..lj..lo Ylo TTl <PUTouyelovoj..lIKI'] KOTOOTOOll TWV 1S00wv, TO onolo ~ek(vtjoe TO 1987 KOI ne: plaoj..l[3ovel onoypoq>1'] TWV ~'1\.1IWV TWV 1S00lKWV KTOoe: wv KOI KTlj..lT]Oll TWV msovwv OlTlWV. EnellS~ TO XPOVIKO ISIOOTTJj..lO OUj..lj..leToxile; TTle; Xwpoe; j..loe; mo we; OVW npoyp0\.1j..lo dvol j..likpo, lsev unopxouv OUYKeKplj..leVO O~IOnOll']olj..lO OTOIXdo YIO TTlV e~oywyl'] OUj..lnepOOj..lOTWV. B [30(we;, So npenel OTO Ollj..lelO auto vn mollj..lovs f 0 TI '1 ~'1j..l10 nou npokoa ltoi OTO 1S0011 ono T'1V OTj..lO Oq>OlPIK~ punovoll, IVOI OJ..l A'1Teo O nxeo'1 j..l TTlv KO TOOTpOq>~ nou auto Uq>(OTOVTOl ono TIe; OUOTTJj..lOTIKte; nupkoylte; KOTO TOUe; KaAOKOlpIVOUe; j..lriv e;, TIe; KOTono T~oele;, T'1V nopovoj..l'1 KonrllStvlSpwv K.O. (Innes J.L., 1987: ). nopo TOUTO, 01 TomKee; ouykevtpwo Ie; O p(wv PUnwv OT'1V n plq>epelo n pl[3omovtikwv Emmwoewv TOU J\.E.K.n.A., 01S~YIl00V KOTO TO nop ASc'V O j..l lwoll TTle; ovomu~'1e; 0ploj..levwv V oq>uteuj..levwv, ono TIe; luw Suvoele; l:j.oowv TWV NOj..l0PXIWV Ko~ovrje; KOI <l>awplvoe;, 1S00lKWV llswv ls vlspumlwv. nop6milao, ISI0mOTwS'1Ke '1 mtoxuvo'1 TOU pusj..lou onwa IOe; Of: 0plOj..leVO 1S00l KO ells'1 q>um0[30awv j..le ou~t]j..levt] euolos'1oio OTTJv 0 Tj..lOOq>OlPIKI'] punovoll. (Heck WW., 1989: 37-48). H OIKOVOj..lIKI'] onot(\.1t]o'1 TWV ~'1j..lIWV nou npoka~s'1kov OTIe; ISOOlKee; ektoo Ie; TTle; neplq>ep IOe; nepl[3amovtl KWV Emmwoewv OTT]plxST]Ke OT'1V Pyoolo TOU Hohmeyer O. (1988: 63-65), KOI eylv j..ll': OVaA0YIKOTPOno j..le [300ll OlKOVOj..lIKO OTOIXdo OVTlOTOIXWV j..l A TWV 0 no TTlv npwt]v l:j.utlki'] repj..lov(o, Myw TT]e; 11S10e; nolottl TOe;TOU Y Pj..lOVlKOU AlYVITTl (Metz A.M., 1988:.45-49), 0 q>ou ea~q>st]oov unoivt] 01 OVOYKQ( e; npooopj..loyee; j..l T WPOAOYIKWV lselsoj..levwv KOI ISl0onopoe; TWV punwv. IUj..lq>wvo j..le TO noponovw, TO unoaoyl~oj..l VO «e~wt PIKO» (I'] KOIVWVlKO) Koaroe; nou npokaaouv OTO ISOOll 01 eknoj..lnee; o p(wv punwv, j..leoo OTO OPIO TTle; neplq>epeloe; n pi[3amovtikwv EmmwO WVTOIJ AE.K.n.A., KUj..lOIV TOl ono ewe; lipx. rl OA AlWe; ono 0,050 lipx. / KWh ewe; 0,080 lipx. / KWh, O. Tlj..lee; AnOTIJJ~a~ TWV &mmwa&wv aro OIKO~OJJIK6 UAIKO To OIKOlSoj..llKO UNKO onot AouV evav OAAO nom 0'1j..l0 VTlKO TOj..leO OTOV onolo T] OTj..lOOq>OlPIKI'] punovoll em ISpo j..le Ollj..lOVTIKO KOOTOe;. H O'1j..lOVTlKOT P'1 ~T]j..lIO, nou npokoa ITOl OTO OIKOIS0I-lIKO UAlKO Myw l1')c; OTj..lOOipOlplKI']e; punovotle;, dvol T] ISlO[3pwOll KOl 11 [3oS\.1loio ou VT AOUj..l VT] onoouvs ml TOUe;. (Haynie F.H., Sp~nce JW. and Upham J.B. 1976: 65). En IIS~, oi-iwe;, OTTJ 1S16[3pwOll TWV OIKOlSoj..lIKWV UAlKWV OUVT AOUV KOI nomoi OAAOI ouvepyiotikoi nopoyovt e; (6nwe; n.x. 01 j..l T WPOAOYIKO(, 01 onolol onot AouV ana j..lovol TOUe; OITIO 15t6[3pWOlle;) yl' auto lvol noau /SUOKO AO 01 ~T]j..llte;, nou Oq> laovtol OnOKA IOTIK6 OTTJV OTj..lO Oq>OlPlKI'] punovoll, va onoj..lovwsouv KOI va onotlj..l'1 Souv. Ano TTlv OAAT] naeupo, '1 OTj..lOOq>OlPIKTl punovoll npo KaA 1 emnpoos To e~050, onwe; Ylo KOSOPlOj..lO (n.x. noposupwv, KTlPIWV, e~wt pikwv xwpwv) KOI ouvrtlpt]otl (n.x. [30IVII-I0 KTlPlWV), TO onolo OJ..lwe; ls v Kp(V 1'01 OKOmj..lo va OUj..ln plat]q>souv OTOV nopovtounoaoyioj..lo.

9 170 T )(VIKO XPOVtK I lt\v napouoa e:pyaola, 11 noootikonol'lotj TWV ~lliliwv OTa OIKOOOIlIKO UAIKO M yw IT\~ QTIlOO<patPIKI')~ punav 011~, Kat ouvak6aouea 'l c5pox}likr'l IT\~ anotiil'lotj, 0lT\ p{~etql Il P I KW~ 0lT\ J..leMn') TaU Lipfert FW. (1987), Kal KU p ( W ~ OT'l Ile:MTll Tll~ E upwnaiki') ~ 'Evwo 'l ~ "Assessment of the External Costs of Coal Fuel Cycle" (DG XII/E/5-SAM : 1992). 'ETm, Yla IT\v OIKovoIlIKl'] OnOTIIl'lOTJ TWV ne:pi'jjamovn KWV ~11I.l IWV KarOypa<p'lKaV ana T1~ ~1e:u9uvoe:l~ nom O c501l1kwv E<p0PIlOYWV TWV NOIlOPXIWV Ko~aV'l~ Kat <!law PIVO~ TO nmov XP'lmIlOnoloulle:vo OT'lv ne:pi<pepe:lo ne: P l~ aaaovnkwv Entmwo8wv OIK0601liKO UAIKO, nou un6 K IVTOI OlT\V ariloo<polptkr'! punavotj. To UAIKO OUTO el VOl 01 AI9060Joltc;, TO OKUp6~ JoIO, 01 OI6'1POKOTOC7KEUt c;, 01 OAOUJoIIVOKOTOOK UtC;, 01 ~UAOKOTOOK u t C;, TO to ~WT PIK6 CnlXP{0Jol0TO KOt 01 C~WT piko{ XPWJoIOTIOJoloi. KQT6ntv, KQTOYPO<P'1K8 TO e:{l5o~ IT\C; e:ne~ e:pyoolo C; TWV noponovw OIK0c50lltKWV UAtKWV, Kat 0 ap191l0e; Kat TO e:rc50e; TWV oikoc50ilwv nou TO UAIKO OUTa XP'lOIJ..lOnOIOu VTal, Ko9wC; Kat 11 ou)(v6lt\to XP'lOIIlOnOl'lmlC; TOU~, Kat, T AO<:, 01 en(otjile:<; (on6 TOV A.T.O.E.) TIlltC; OVO 1-'0vo15a KaroOK uf\c; TOUe; oe: TII-'CC; We:~o llf\vo u AKOAou9w~, Ile ~aotj TIC; U<pIOT0I-' Ve:C; Ile:Mn:~ 6laonopaC; TWV ae:plwv punwv (Zerefos C. et al , Bergheles G., 1992) VTon{09'lKOV OTO nmov XOpOKTT) PIOTIKO OTJI-'e:(o TWV nomwv Kat OIKIOI-'WV IT\~ ne:pi<ptpe:l O~ nep I ~amovtikwv Emmwoewv, 01 KQToyeYPOIlIl Ve:e; OUYK VTpw oe l~ TOU 15lo~e:lc5(ou TOU Ele:(OU. 01 Tl l-'t~ TWV OUYKeVTpwo wv autwv e<papi-'6ot'lkav oe 1c5IKOUC; (Yla K09 tvo ana to nopanovw 0IK01501-'IKO u ALKO) TunoUe; e:~lowoewv, 01 onoioi isioi-'op<pw9'lkov I-'E Te an6 I-'OKpOxpOVl e; CP UVEC; (Lipfert FW., 1976: 32 80) IKO( outo( Tunol E~IOW OEWVI ov6'aoyo Il TO no OOOT6lT\C; OUYKCVTPW OTJC; TWV oep(wv punwv KQTO noall Kat 0IKIOIl6, 15(vouv TO KTIIlWj.le:VO TomKO Ilcye:90C; 1516 ~ pwotj C; I') yl'jpovotje; TOU KaSe OIK0c50IlIKOU UAIKOU 0lT\ l-'0v0c5 TOU xp6vou. A KO Ao u9w~, j.le: jjaotj TO KQTO nep(mwotj ptye:90e; 1516 ~ pw OTJ C; I') yl')pavotj~, unoaoy(09'lke 'l OnatTOul-'tV'l ou )(V6TllTa e:ntok8ul')~ I') m1510p8wotjc: TWV OIK015oIlIKWV ou TWV UAlKWV. TtAO~, I-'e: ~OOTJ TO W~ 6vw unoaoyl09tvto OTOlX (O, unomy(09'lke: I5PO){l..lIKO TO K6OTO~ tmokeu l']~ T') ent15t6p ewotj~ TWV 0lK060l-'lKWV UAIKWV. LUj.lqlWVO 1-'8 TO naponovw, TO unoao YI~OlltvO..t~wn: PI 6» (I'] KOIVWVIKO) KOOTOe; nou npokaaouv 01 e:kttol-'n c: Q piwv punwv OTa naponovw KOTaypa<p6lleva 01K060 J.III\O UAlKO, OTa OPIO IT\C; neplql pe: l a~ ne:pi ~amovtikwv EnUTrWoe:WVTOU A. E. K.n.A., KUIlO(V&TOl an ewe; 1.ns PX. 1') amiw~ ana 0,042lSPX. / KWh cwe; 0,095 lspx. / KWh, oe: TIl-'t C; IuvoAIKo anottata~ata n{vokoc; 1. IuvoAIK" onot i~l1al1 TOU «e~wt&pikou» Komouc; TWV Kno~nwv oepiwv punwv TOU A.E.K.n.A. ae l5pax~tc; KGI E.C.U. (TI~&C; 1991) KOTO KOTl1yopfa emmwaewv. KDTrlYopfo AnOTi~f\of\ 0& I5PX. An otf~f\of\ os E.C.U. enlmwo&wv KOTWT&Pf\ AVWT&P~ Konl,,'zPIl Avwn:PI1 OlK06ol-liKO UAIKO l. ns.ooo.ooo S.000 navi nS 131.nS M OTl n S5 6.23S.n 5 >O..wpi KaMtt PVEIEc; AvBpooTIlVll uye(o IuvoAo nlvokoc: 2. ~ nm 11I11a'1 TOU «e~wt pikou» Komouc; twv Kno~nwv oepiwv punwv TOU A.E.K.n.A. KOTa KaTI1 yopia cmmwaewv ae l5px. / kwh KOI E.C.U. / GWh. (TIJ,ltc; 1991). KCfTIlyopio &mmcllo wv M&8ol5oAoyfo onoti~'1o'1~ llpx./ kwh KDTcIIT P'1 AvwTSPIl E.C.U./ GWh KOTrWT Pf\ Avwnp'1 OlK06ol-liKO UAIKO navi6a MOTl >O..wpi60 KaMlepYEIEC; AvepOOTIlVll uye(o IuvoAo :t\1-l 0Tl AVaAOYIK~ AVaAOYIKll AVaAOYIK~ :t\i-leotl :t\l-ltlotl 0,042 0,001 0,050 0,090 0,041 0,203 0,427 0,095 0,001 0,080 0,130 0, 061 0,203 0, ,41 7,11 223,23 381,81 170,08 861, ,30 403,39 7,11 335,51 573,85 286,08 861, ,60 \

10 TeXVlK6 XPOVIKcl 171 BI~Aloypacpia Bateman I. and Turner K. (1990) : "A Critical review of monetary assessment methods and techniques", Environmental Appraisal Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia. Bergheles G. (1992) : "Present and future status of air quality In Kozanl and Ptolemais basin - Impacts from lignite fired power plant emissions", Laboratory of Air - Dynamics, National Technical University of Athens (in Greek). Coase R.H. (1960) : "The problem of social cost", The Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 3, pp Ferguson J. (1990): "Environmental costs of energy technologies", report prepared for E.T.S.U., University of Newcastle. Greek Ministry for Public Works (1991) : "Greek state official prices for building works and materials", 1st semester (A.T.O.E.). Haynie F.H., Spence J.w. and Upham J.B. (1976) : "Effects of gaseous polutants on materials - a chamber study", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report, ERA 600/ Hoek G., Brunekreef B., Hofschreuder P., Lumens M. (1990) : "Effects of air pollution episodes on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms". Toxicology and Industrial Health; 6: Heede R., Morgan R. and Riley S. (1985): "The hidden costs of energy", Center for Renewable Resources. Hohmeyer 0., (1988) : "Social costs of energy consumption", Springer - Verlag, Berlin. Heck WW. (1989): "Crop losses from air pollutants in the United States" in "Air Pollution's Toll on Forests and Crops" (J.J. MacKenzie and M.T. EI - Ashry, editors), pp , Yale University Press, New Haven. Innes J.L. (1987): "Air pollution and forestry", Forestry Commission Bulletin, No 70, H.M.S.O., London. Kapp KW. (1974) : "Environmental disruption and social costs: A challenge to economics", in "The Economics of Pollution" (H. Wolozin editor), General Learning Press, Morristown, pp Koziol M.J. and Whatley F.R. (1990) : "Gaseus air pollution and plant metabolism", Butterworth, London. Kordas E.J. (1993): "The social costs from air pollution damages, caused by lignite fired power plants In Western Macedonia, Greece" M.Sc. Thesis, European Union, Joint Researche Centre - Ispra site, in collaboration with Public Power Corporation of Greece. Kordas E.J. (1995) : "The monetarisation of the social costs from air pollution damages caused by lignite fired power plants, and the argument of its Internalisation into the prices of electricity supply", Proceedings of "II" International Conference and Exhibition "HELECO" organised by Technical Chamber of Greece, Athens. Krewitt W. (1992): "Occupational health effects due to electricity production from coal", E.C. / U.S. Study on External Costs of Fuel Cycles, unpublished. Lalas D., Petrakis M., Asimakopoulos D., Helmis K., Varvayanni M. (1982): "Report on the air pollution of Ptolemals valley", Laboratory of Meteorology, University of Athens, (in Greek). Lalas D., ASimakopoulos D., Petrakis M., Helmis K., Tombrou M., Delighiorghi D. (1987) : "Air pollution In the valley of Ptolemais", Laboratory of Meteorology, University of Athens, (in Greek). Lockwood B. (1992) : "The social costs of electricity generation", Centre for Social and Economic Research on Global Environment, No: GEC 92-09, London. Lipfert FW. (1987): "Effects of acidic deposition on the atmospheric deterioration of materials", In "Material Performance", No 12, National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Metz A.M. (1988): "Economic effects of forest decline due to air pollution", Study of the literature concerning methods and results, Working paper WP ,!.IAS.A., Laxenburg, Austria. Markandya A. (1991) : "The value of the environment: A state of the art survey", University College, London. Mastenbroek A.P. and Nijkamp P. (1983) : "Determination of social costs of environmental damage", Series Research "Memoranda", Faculty of Regional Economics, Free University of Amsterdam. Meade J.E., (1973) : "The theory of economic externalities", Sijthoff, Leiden. Mendelsohn R., (1980) : "An economic analysis of air pollution from coal - fired power plants" in "Journal of Environmental Economics and Management", Vol. 7, pp Morris S.C., (1983) : "Health risks of coal energy technology" in Curtis C.T. and Etnier E.L. (editors) "Health Risks of Energy Technologies" A.A.A.S. Selected Symposium. Mosialos E., Papanayotou M., Kyriopoulos J. (1989) : "Private expenditure for health In Greece Evolution through time - Soclo-economlc parameters determining expenditure for health" In "System science In health care" Masson, Paris. Niakas D., Kyriopoulos J. (1992): "Financing health care and expenditures in Greece". 5th International Conference on System Science in Health Care, Prague. Nijkamp P. (1980) : "Environmental externalities", Series Research "Memoranda", Faculty of Regional EconomiCS, Free University of Amsterdam. O.E.C.D. (1974): "Environmental damage costs" Paris.

11 172 TeXVIKO XpOVIKQ Ottinger R., Walley D., Robinson N., Hodas D., and Badd S., (1990) : "Environmental costs of electricity", Oceana Publications. Papanayotou M., Moslalos E., Kyriopoulos J. (1988): "Greece: Private expenditure on health In comparison to public expenditure on Bocial security Evolution through time ". 2nd Congress of the European Society of Medical Sociology" September 1988, Zagreb, Yugoslavia. Parliamentary OHice of Science and Technology (1 992): "Costing the environmental Impacts of electricity generation", London. Pearce D. and Markandya A. (1989); "Environmental policy benefits: monetary valuation", O.E.C.D. editions. Ramsay W. (1980): "Unpaid costs of electric energy", John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Ri dker R.G., (1967) : " Economic costs of air pollution", Praeger, New York. Taylor H.J., Ashmore M.R. and Bell J.N.B. (1986): "Air pollution Injury to vegetation (a guidance manual commissioned by H.M. Industrial Air Pollution Inspectorate of the Health and Safety Executive)", 68 pp. I.E.H.O., London. U.K. C.E.E. (1991): "Europe evaluates electricity / environment externalities", U.K. - C.E.E.D. Bulletin, 33 pp., May - June, No 6-7. Unsworth M.H. (199 1): "Air pollution and vegetation: HypotheSiS, field exposure, and experiment" Proc. R. So., 97B, pp , Endibourg. Zerefos C., Pais A., Meleti C., Balis D. and Tourpalis K. (1993): "Air pollution from S0 2' and suspended particulates In Kozanl and ptolemals Valley pl'8l1mln ry study". Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics - Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki (In Greek).