Why We All Need an AIDS Vaccine? : Overcome the Challenges of Developing an AIDS Vaccine in Japan

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1 ,**0 The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research Why We All Need an AIDS Vaccine? : Overcome the Challenges of Developing an AIDS Vaccine in Japan +, Miho KAWAHATSU + and Naoki YAMAMOTO, +, + Director, AIDS Vaccine Development Association c/o Biomedical Science Association, Director, AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases 2 : +.0 +/-,** HIV, - HIV + HIV,*.*** HIV /**, HIV -* : +03 **1/ +,2-2*+ NPO,**0 2, HIV-+ HIV, UNAIDS/WHO, UNAIDS/WHO AIDS Epidemic Update : December,**/, Geneva -,**- 1 Science vol. -** HIV AIDS Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise

2 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 2 No. -,**0 +* G2,**. 0 G2 G2 HIV / G2 +* 1 G2 ODA 0 ODA 1 + Advance Market Commitment : AMC : HIV. World Bank Task Force on Accelerating the Development of an HIV/AIDS Vaccine for Developing Countries.,* March,*** / Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise & - 0 HIV Vaccines and Microbicides Resource Tracking Working Group Tracking Funding for Preventive HIV Vaccine Research & Development : Estimates of Annual Investments and Expenditures,*** to,**/ June,**/ HIV,** -** NGO,**,,**- WHO -X/ / - 1 HIV AIDS + NY International AIDS Vaccine Initiative 2,*+/,*-* +/ 1 Bell, C., S. Devarajan, and H. Gersbach.,**. Thinking About the Long-Run Economic Cost of AIDS. In M. Haacker, ed., The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS. Washington DC : IMF, 2 Estimating the Global Impact of an AIDS Vaccine, International Aids Vaccine Initiative, Policy Research Working Paper #., Oct.,**/

3 M Kawahatsu et al : Why We All Need an AIDS Vaccine? : Overcome the Challenges of Developing an AIDS Vaccine in Japan + HIV AIDS,*-* HIV HIV 3 HIV AIDS +* HIV,** * +33. *././ - +* +333,**. +* HIV 3,**. HIV +,***,**/ + +* http : // survey/mhw_survey.htm HIV AIDS ++ HIV +* NPO ++,**/ / +, - HIV *. /** 22 HIV --,

4 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 2 No. -,**0 NGO HIV, +, HIV in-house 3* +, Motohashi, K. The Changing Autarky Pharmaceutical R&D Process : Causes and Consequences of Growing R&D Collaboration in Japanese Firms, prepared as part of the project for comparison of national innovation systems concerning the biopharmaceutical industry conducted by the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy in OECD, February,**/. +- Kneller, R. Technology Transfer : A Review for Biomedical Researchers, Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 1, April, pp ,**+ CSR : Corporate Social Responsibility SRI : Social Responsible Investment SRI +. HIV +/ : : IP +. SRI,**+, +,2** SRI,***. +* SRI SRI,**. No. +. +* / HIV :,**

5 M Kawahatsu et al : Why We All Need an AIDS Vaccine? : Overcome the Challenges of Developing an AIDS Vaccine in Japan, : Batson A. & Ainsworth M. Private investment in AIDS vaccine development : obstacles and solutions. Bulletin of the World Health Organization,,**+, 13 2 : Development-gap technology Atokinson, S.H. University a$liated venture capital funds, Health A#airs, Summer, pp. +/3 +1/ / +/*,*

6 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 2 No. -,**0 TLO Technology Licensing Organization TLO +332,**.,**/. TLO TLO +1 TLO / +* +2 TLO TLO +3 TLO TLO TLO TLO - : +331,* :,**+,+ +1 Receiver-Active Paradigm,** Kneller, Ibid., p. 10/ +3 Kneller, Ibid., p. 10/,* Vol. +,*** ++ +/,+ + /, - +/+,+

7 M Kawahatsu et al : Why We All Need an AIDS Vaccine? : Overcome the Challenges of Developing an AIDS Vaccine in Japan,,,-,**0,**/. 2,. 0,/ +, - NPO AVDA :,0,, +,-,**/. 0,.,**/. 2 + SARS, -. /,/ +0,1,**., AIDS Vaccine Development Association : AVDA,2 AVDA : APC advance purchase commitment,0 AnGes MG, Inc.,**. 0,- Conflict of Interest,1,**, No. 3,**,,,2,**/ World Focus, No. 01. http : // +/,,,

8 The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 2 No. -,**0 AMC advance market commitment NPO,3 APC APC -* APC crowding-out AMC.,3 Kremer, M. Creating Markets for New Vaccines : Part I : Rationale, and Creating Markets for New Vaccines : Part II : Design Issues, in Adam B. Ja#e, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, MIT Press, Volume +,,**+. -* Farlow, A.W.K. (,**/) An Analysis of the Problems of R&D Finance for Vaccines and Appraisal of Advance Purchase Commitments http : // farlow/ -+,**0 AMC http : //en.g2russia.ru/docs/+*.html HIV AIDS HIV AIDS +/-,-

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