Effect of the Heat-Moisture-Treated High-Amylose Starch on Cecal Fermentation and Lipid Metabolism

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1 Effect of the Heat-Moisture-Treated High-Amylose Starch on Cecal Fermentation and Lipid Metabolism Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Gifu Women s University,Taromaru, Gifu, Japan Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University,Matsumoto, Kasugai, Japan Food and Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan ITOH Yukie, YAMANAKA Natsumi, OGAWA Noriko, TSUGE Haruhito and HAYAKAWA Takashi Received November Abstract Male Wistar rats were fed fordays on diets containing resistant starch as either high-amylose starchhasor heat-moisture-treated starchhmts. Control group was fed diet added with cornstarch equal to the amount of HAS added. The concentration of acetic acid in the cecal content of rats fed HAS was higher than control values, but HAS did not noticeably affect the n-butyric acid level in the cecal content. The propionic acid concentration was lower than that of control groups. Concentrations of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acid in the cecal content of rats fed HMTS were higher than control values. Concentrations of propionic and n-butyric acid in the cecal content of rats fed HMTS were higher than HAS value. The apparent viscosities of the control diet and those containing HAS or HMTS supplements werep,p andp, respectively. The viscosity of the diets added with HAS or HMTS were thus significantly lower than the control diet. The low viscosity of HAS or HMTS enhanced cecal fermentation. The serum cholesterol levels of rats fed on diets added with HAS or HMTS were mg/dl and mg/dl, respectively, significantly lower than the mg/dl of the control group. The triglyceride levels in livers of the control, HAS and HMTS groups weremg,mg andmg, respectively, perg liver. The triglyceride level in liver of rats fed HAS was not significantly lower than in the controls, whereas the level in the liver of rats fed HMTS was significantly lower

2 than in controls. Due to its high concentration of propionic acid in the cecal content, HMTS is considered to contribute more to hepatic triglyceride reduction than HAS. These results suggest that, compared with HAS, HMTS may be more fermented to produce more effective propionate and n-butyrate acid for the body than HAS. Resistant Starch RS RS RS RS RS RS α RS α RS RS High-Amylose StarchHAS RS HAS α RS HAS Heat-Moisture-Treated StarchHMTSHAS α Prosky HAS HMTS Dietary FiberDF HMTS DF HAS DF HAS HMTS HMTS HAS RS Prosky DF HAS HMTS RS HAS HMTS Prosky DF HMTS Prosky α HAS HMTS RS RS n RS RS RS RS

3 Ingredients AIN Control HAS HMTS Casein DL-Methionine Sucrose α-corn starch Cellulose powder HAS HMTS Soybean oil AINmineral mixture AINvitamin mixture Choline bitartrate RS HAS HAS HMTS Fatty Acid SynthaseFASFAS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS RS HAS HMTS RS HMTS HAS HAS AIN α HAS HMTS AIN α HMTS HAS α HAS HMTS DF AIN α

4 HAS HAS AIN AIN Wistar/ST A. M.P.M. AIN n HAS HMTS HAS HMTS AM FAS Column Column Temp. Injector Temp. Carrier Gas Make up Gas Detector Injection Mode Split Ratio CBP-M- mmm φdfµm, Fused silica /minmin ml/min ml/min FID Split g Rémésy Demigne g mm µl HITACHI HG g ml µl µl mm n mm GCA n n g

5 TV rpm Zak-Henly g v/v ml HITACHI HG ml ADVANTEC No.B ml ml ml ml nm g E DOS g EGPODAOS FAS CoA CoA FAS Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Reduced Form NADPH NADPH FAS Burton M g M phmm EDTA mm Potter g g FAS Hsu Kumer Carey mm mmedta mm CoAmM CoAmM NADPH nm

6 p p

7 NADPH g FAS Duncan Multiple Range Test p g HAS HMTS n HAS HMTS HAS HMTS n HAS HMTS HMTS HAS HAS HMTS P HAS HMTS p HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS n HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS P HAS PHMTS P HAS HMTS HAS HMTS mg/g Liver mg/dl p

8 HAS HMTS mg/g Liver FAS mmol/hr/g mg/dl p mg/dl HAS mg/dlhmts mg/dl HAS HMTS g mg HAS mg HMTS mg FAS FAS FAS g mmol/hr/g HAS mmol/hr/ghmts mmol/hr/g HAS g n HAS n HAS g HAS HAS g HMTS g HAS n HAS HMTS n HAS n HMTS HAS RS HAS HAS HMTS HAS n

9 HMTS n HAS HMTS P HAS HMTS PP α HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS HMTS HAS RS HMTS HAS HMTS HAS HMTS FAS HAS HMTS FAS HAS HMTS FAS FAS FAS HAS FAS HAS HMTS

10 HMTS HAS RS HAS n RS HMTS n HMTS HAS n RS Stephen, A. M., Haddad, A. C. and Phillips, S. F.: Gastroenterology,, Levitt, M. D.: Gastroenterology,, Champ, M.: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., Suppl,S Englyst, H. N., Wiggins, H. S. and Commings,J.H.:Analyst.,, Goda, T., Urakawa, T., Watanabe, M. and Takase, S.: J. Nutr. Biochem.,, Younes, H., Levrat, M-A., Demigne, C. and Remesy, C.: Lipids,, Chen, W. J. L., Anderson, J. W. and Jennings, D.: Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.,, Wright, R. S., Anderson, J. W. and Bridges, S. R.: Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.,, Rémésy,C.andDemigme,C.:Biochem. J., Burton, D. N., Haavik A. G. and Potter J. W.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,, Hsu, R. Y., Wasson, G. and Porter J. W.: J. Biol. Chem.,, Kumar, S., Dorsey, J. A., Muesing R. A., and Porter, J. W.: J. Biol. Chem.,, Carey, E. M. and Dils, R.: Biochem. Biophys. Acta.,, Hara, H., Haga, S., Kasai, T. and Kiriyama, S.: J. Nutr.,, Hara, H., Haga, S., Aoyama, Y. and Kiriyama, S.: J. Nutr.,, Dedeckere, E. M., Kloots W. J. and Vanamelsvoort, M. M.: Br.J.Nutr.,, Cassidy, A., Bingham, S. A. and Cummings, J. H.: Br.J.Cancer,,

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