Peng Futian, Peng Yong, Zhou Peng, and Zhang Shoushi

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1 2006, 33 (2) : Acta Horticulturae Sinica (, ) :,,, :, ; 10 / (1615 g/m 2 ), 218, 115 ;,,, ;, Pn, : ; ; ; ; : S 66511: A : X (2006) Effect of Fertilizer Be ing Bag2con trolled Relea se on N itrogen Utiliza tion Ra te, Growth and Fru iting of Zhanhua W in ter Da te ( Zizyphus ju juba M ill. var. inerm is Rehd. ) Peng Futian, Peng Yong, Zhou Peng, and Zhang Shoushi ( College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong A gricultural U niversity, Taiπan , China) Abstract: B ag controlled release fertilizer was a new type fertilizer which changed the idea of sp raying high molecular materials to fertilizer particles according to the big individual volume characteristics of fruit trees. Experiments about effect of fertilizer being bag2controlled release on nitrogen utilization rate, grow th and fruiting were done using Zhanhua W inter Date ( Z izyphus ju juba M ill. var. inerm is Rehd. ) as materials, the results showed that: Soil available nutrients concentration of fertilizer being bag controlled release app lica2 tion treatm ents (BCRT) was more steadier than that of fertilizer being sp read app lication treatments ( ST) ; N utilization rate for BCRT trees was 218 and 115 tim es as high as that for fertilizer being sp read app lication in one tim e treatments and in four times treatments trees respectively; Trees of BCRT were healthier but genera2 ted less jujube shoot than trees of ST due to steady nutrients concentration in soil; A t the same app lication amount level chlorophyll content and Pn of BCRT trees were steadier and higher than those of ST; BCRT sig2 nificantly increased yield and fruit quality. Key words: Z izyphus ju juba M ill. var. inerm is Rehd. ; B ag2controlled release fertilizer; N utilization rate; Yield; Quality,,,, 1, 2,, 10% 15% 3, 2, 215 8, : ; : : (J05K01) ; (2005DS06006)

2 ,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , 7,, 3 m 4 m, 511 g/kg, 3514 mg/kg, 1012 mg/kg, mg/kg, 1045 m 3 /hm 2, (N P 2 O 5 K 2 O ),,, 100 g, 50, 210 d Treatment 1 Table 1 Fertilizer trea tm en t N P 2 O 5 K 2 O BCRF1, CFS12, CFS BCRF2, CFS22, CFS BCRF3, CFS32, CFS BCRF4, CFS42, CFS Control : BCRF: ; : 4 ; / ( g/p lant) CFS2 :, CFS Note: BCRF: Bag controlled release fertilizer; CFS2 : Com2 pound fertilizer sp reading app lication in one time; CFS2 : Compound fertilizer spreading application in four times. 1-4 stands for the fertiliz2 er application rates of 7, 10, 13, 16 bags per plant respeitively. 4, 12 ( 1 ), 4 ( 7 / 10 / 13 / 16 / ) (4) 1, 3 5, 2 3, 1 ( 4, 5, 7, 8 4), 5 1,, 3,,, N ahco 3 015mol/L, ; 1 mol/l, 5 7, 5, ( Pn) ( SPAD502 ),, PP System C IRA S ( 30 % ),, 15 N - (, 10122% ) ( 15 N - = 1 9), 3, BCRF2, CFS22, CFS22,, 3, : (> 012 cm ) ( 012 cm ) ( ), 3, m in, 80, 0125 mm,, MAT N, 6

3 2 : ,,,, , BCRF2 BCRF4 ( +, Nm in),,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,, 135 d,, 3,, ,, N,, 1615 g/m 2 (10 /, BCRF2), 218, 1 ( 2002) BCRF2 BCRF4 CFS22CFS22CFS42CFS42 Fig. 1, 1 Changes of ava ilable nutrients in different treatment soil BCRF2, BCRF4, CFS221, CFS222, CFS421, CFS422, Control see Table 1. The same below. 115, ( 2),,,,, 212,,,, ( 1), 7, 3,, ( 3),,,

4 226 33,, 4 5, 1 2 Treatment O rgan 2 Table 2 Effect of fertilizer bag con trolled on N utiliza tion ra te D ry mass( g/p lant) Total N ( % ) Ndff ( % ) Ndff ( g) Rate of N utilization ( % ) CFS22 Fine root Coarse root Trunk Perennial branches Jujube shoot Second lateral branches Jujube fruit shoot Leaf Fruit Plant C CFS22 Fine root Coarse root Trunk Perennial branches Jujube shoot Second lateral branches Jujube fruit shoot Leaf Fruit Plant B BCRF2 Fine root Coarse root Trunk Perennial branches Jujube shoot Second lateral branches Jujube fruit shoot Leaf Fruit B Plant A : P < 0101 P < 0105, Ndff ( % ) = 15 N % / 15 N % 100, Ndff ( g) = ( g) N( % ) Ndff ( % ), ( % ) =Ndff ( g) / ( g) 100 Note: D ifferent cap ital and small letters stand for P < 0101 and P < 0105, respectively. The same as below. Ndff ( % ) = 15 N atom excess in p lant/ 15 N atom excess in fertilizer, Ndff ( g) =O rgan dry mass ( g) O rgan N concentration ( % ) =Ndff ( g) of p lant/fertilizer app lication amount ( g) 100.,,, ( 2) , (),,,,,, Ndff ( % ), N utilization rate ( % ) 3 Table 3 Effect of fertilizer bag con trolled on jujube shoot genera tive ra te ( % ) Treatment Year BCRF 1618EFde 614Ghi 710GH j CFS Bb 2117Dd 2318De CFS Cc 1711Ee 1914Eg BCRF2 814Ed 712Gh 811Gij CFS Aa 2719Bb 3014Bb CFS Cc 2216CDd 2114DEF BCRF3 914Ef 1012Fg 918Gi CFS Aa 3217Aa 3319Aa CFS Bb 2514BCc 2415CDde BCRF4 1116Ee 1218Ff 1319Fh CFS Aa 3416Aa 3317Aa CFS Bb 2618Bbc 2710Cc Control 510Fe 418Gi 417Hk

5 2 : 227 F ig Effect of fertilizer bag con trolled on chlorophyl SPAD read ing and Pn Data were average values of index in three years , , 3 4,,, , ; 20044, 2 3 4, 1, 2 (CFS22 ), BCRF1115, BCRF1 85%, 3, 4 Table 4 Effect of fertilizer trea tm en ts on y ield Treatment Year BCRF1 1012De 1119Bd 1318Aa CFS12 810Gh 813H i 817EFf CFS12 911Ef 916Df 917Dd BCRF2 1216Aa 1313Aa 1316Aa CFS22 815Fg 911EGg 910Ee CFS Cd 1117Bd 1118Cc BCRF3 1215Aa 1218Ab 1213Bb CFS32 911Ef 915DEf 911Ee CFS BCc 1210Bcd 1116Cc BCRF4 1119Bb 1212Bc 1211BCb CFS42 819Ef 817GHh 816Fg CFS Ccd 1114Ce 1117Cc Control 714H i 615 Ij 613Gh ( kg/p lant), 5,,,, , 25%, 15%,,, Treatment Average single fruit mass( g) 5 Table 5 Effect of fertilizer trea tm en ts on fru it qua lity Colored fruit rate ( % ) Sugar content( % ) BCRF1 1614EFf 1818Cd 2111ABbc 8913Aab 8712Aab 8515Aa 2216ABb 2113ABab 2110Aa CFS Fg 1517Df 1611Dg 4817Dd 5014BCe 4616Cd 2014CDEde 2017ABCabc 1919ABde CFS EFfg 1613De 1615Dfg 6511BCc 6214Bc 6013BCbc 2116BCc 2019ABCab 2011ABcd BCRF2 2013Aab 2113Aa 2118Aa 9516Aa 9311Aa 8611Aa 2315Aa 2115Aa 2018ABab CFS EFfg 1616De 1615Dfg 4918Dd 4713Ce 5112Ccd 1919DEef 1917Cef 1918ABde CFS CDe 1918BCc 1819Ce 6713Bc 6015BCcd 6015BCbc 2113BCDc 1919BCdef 2011ABcd BCRF3 2010ABb 2116Aa 2112ABab 9114Aab 8718Aab 8017Aa 2019CDEcd 2016ABCbc 2017ABabc CFS DEe 1612Def 1616Dfg 4713Dd 5211BCde 4611Cd 1918DEef 1918BCdef 1916ABde CFS Cd 1913Ccd 2016ABbcd 5216CDd 4714Ce 5415BCcd 2010CDEef 1919BCdef 2010ABde BCRF4 2015Aa 2114Aa 2015ABcd 8211Ab 7917Ab 6713ABb 2112BCDEc 2011ABCcde 2012ABbcd CFS BCc 1614De 1618Df 4517Dd 4312Ce 4714Cd 1916Eef 1914Cf 1913Be CFS Aab 2016ABb 2012BCd 4718Dd 4611Ce 4815Cd 1918DEef 1915Cf 1914Be Control 1412Gh 1319Eg 1317Eh 5413BCd 5016BCe 4917Cd 2011CDEde 1919BCdef 1918ABde

6 ,,,,, 8, 9,, ( 1),,,,, 1615 g/m 2 (BCRF2), 218, 115,, 10, 11,,,,,,,, Pn,, 32 (BCRF2), 3 1 (BCRF1) BCRF2,,,,, 210 d,, 95%,, (100 g, 50 ),,,,, : 1. ( )., 1981 (3) : Zhang D Y. Problem of N utilization rate and loss ( ). J. Soil. Sci., 1981 (3) : ( in Chinese) 2,,.., 1998, 4 (1) : 8 15 L D Q, Tong Y A, Sun B H. Effect of nitrogen app lication on environment pollution. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1998, 4 (1) : 8 15 ( in Chinese) 3 W einbaum SA, JohnsonR S, DeJongTM. Causesand consequencesofover2fertilization inorchards. Hort. Tech., , 2 ( 1 ) : ,,,.., 1998, 4 (2) : He X S, L i S X, L i X H, L D Q. The p rogress of studies on controlled availability fertilizers. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1998, 4 (2) : ( in Chinese) 5,,,.., CN W ang S S, Shen Y B, W ang J, L iu J C. Methods of p lant stable nutrition fertilizer production. China Invention Patent, CN ( in Chinese) N., 1991 (2) : Gu M R. U tilization of 15 N on app le nitrogen nutrition study. China Fruits, 1991 (2) : ( in Chinese) 7 Crawford N M. N itrate: nutrient and signal for p lant growth. Plant Cell, 1995, 7: ,,.., 2004, 31 (6) : Yan D Y, ZhangM, Jiang X. Effects of controlled2 release fertilizers on growth and development of potted Salvia, Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2004, 31 (6) : ( in Chinese) 9,,,.,, 2005, 32 (5) : B ian X Q, L i H B, Zhan B X, Hu L. The effectiveness of two types of slow2release fertilizer on perennial ryegrass turf. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2005, 32 (5) : ( in Chinese) 10 Ingestad T, Agren G I. Theories and methods on p lant nutrition and growth. Physiol. Plant, 1992, 84 (2) : ,,,,,,. 15 N., 2005, 32 (2) : Zhang J, Jiang YM, Shu H R, Zhao D C, Zhang X, L iu W E, W u L H. Characteristics of absorp tion, distribution and utilization of Zhan2 hua Dongzao jujube to 15 N in different fertilizer app lication stages. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2005, 32 (2) : ( in Chinese)

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