GIS , Vol. 30,No. 5 May,2008 RESOURCES SCIENCE : (2008) , % % 0166 %, : ; :

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1 RESOURCES SCIENCE Vol. 30,No. 5 May,2008 : (2008) GIS 1,2, 2, 2 (1., ; 2., ) :, GIS, 3, GIS : (P) t, t, (P) t, 01029tΠhm 2, ; %, %,,,;, % % 0166 %,,, % ; t, %, : ; ; ;,,,,,,, [6 ],,,,,, ( [7 ], (, ;, P ), ), [8 ] ;,,, 80,,1994 [1 5 ] ( ) ( ), : 1 GIS 1. 1 [1,2 ], 2000 : ; : : ( : KZCX32sw2333) :,,,, E2mail : com :,E2mail : ac. cn

2 , 2000,, 112 GIS ( GIS),,,,,, GIS,,, ArcGIS813 [9 ] 2 [10 ], [11 ], : BA P = ( P t - in - P t - out )ΠLA (1) P t - in = F P + ORG P + IR P + PRE P (2) P t - out = BI P + L E P (3) : BA P, (tπhm 2 ) ; P t - in, (t) ; P t - out, (t) ;LA, (hm 2 ) ; F P ( ), (t) ; ORG P, (t) ; IR P, (t) ; PREN, (t) ; BI P, (t) ; L E P, (t) ( P), ( ) % % 0166 %,,,,, 50 %,, %,, %, ( 1) 1 Table 1 Input structure of phosphorus nutrient of farmland in province level ( %) (P) (P) (P) %, (,, ) %,

3 : GIS 727,, (P, ) t, %, 10 % (P) 01049tΠhm 2,, ( 2) t, t, , Table 2 Input structure of organic phosphorus fertilizer of farmland in province level ( %)

4 t, 01061tΠhm 2, ; t, 01044tΠhm 2, ; t, 01040tΠhm 2, ,,, (P) 01012tΠhm tΠhm 2,, : (0 0102) tπhm 2,, % ; ( ) tπhm 2, % ; ( ) tπhm 2, % ; 0106 tπhm 2, %, ;, 3 ; 1 (tπhm 2 ) Fig11 Quantum of chemic fertilizer phosphorus input of farmland on county level (tπhm 2 ) %, %, %,, % % % %,, 0103tΠhm 2,, t,,,, 0140tΠhm 2 ( 1) 312 ( P) t, 01038tΠhm 2 ; t, 01027tΠhm 2 ; t, 01026tΠhm 2,, %,, 01007tΠhm 2, : tΠhm 2, 0101tΠhm 2, 10 4 t, t, 1 ( 2) : 0181, ( ) tπhm 2, % ;

5 : GIS (tπhm 2 ) Fig12 Spacial distribution of biologic phosphorus output on county level 313 (1), ( P) t, t, ( P) t, 01029tΠhm tΠ hm 2, tΠhm 2, tΠhm 2,,,, 01078tΠhm 2,,,,,, : 3 Fig13 Ratio of profit and loss of phosphorus nutrient of farmland on county level % ; ( ) tπhm 2, - 10 % A 10 %, % ; 6149 %, ( ) tπhm 2, 7172 % ; % ; 10 % < A 30 %, 01050tΠhm 2, %, % % ; 30 % < A 60 %,, %, % ;,, > 60 % ( A ),, %, %, P = BA P Π P t - out LA : P, ; 1 3 (4) [1,2 ], 5 ( 3) : < - 10 %, 9125 %,,,

6 [12 ],,,,,, %,, %,,,,,, [13 ],,, 9, ( P) 1414kg,,,,, 80 % [14,15 ],,,, 30 g L - 1,, [16 ],,,, 4, GIS,, GIS,,,, : (1) ( P) t, t, (P) t, 01029tΠhm tΠhm 2, tΠhm 2, tΠhm 2, (2), (3), ( ) % % 0166 %,,,, (4) t, %,,,, ( References) : [ 1 ] Peterburgskii A. V. and N ik ifo rova I. P. Nutrient balance and soil productivity in the Severo2O setian ASSR[ USSR] [J ]. Soviet A Gricultural Sciences ( USA),1981, 6 : [ 2 ] Uhlen G. and Tveitnes S. Effects of long2term crop rotations, fertilizers, farm manure and straw on crop productivity[j ]. J. Agric. Sci.,1995, 9 : Norw. [ 3 ] Dobermann A., Sta2Cruz P. C. and Cassman K. G. Fertilizer inputs, nutrient balance and so il nutrient supplying power in intensive, irrigated rice systems. I. Potassium uptake and K balance [J ]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroeco Systems ( Netherlands), 1996, 46 (1) : [ 4 ]. [ M]., [ SHEN Shan2min, Soil fertility in China [ M]. Agricultural Press of China, ] [ 5 ]. [M]. :, [ ZHANG Fu2suo. The Integrated Management of Nutrient Resources[M]. Beijing : China Agricultural University Press, [ 6 ] Folmer, E. C. R., Geurts, P. M. H., Francisco, J. R. Assessment of soil fertility depletion in Mozambique. Agriculture[J ]. and the Environment, 1998,71 : Ecosystems [ 7 ],,. 6 [J ].,2000,33 (2) : [LU Ru2kun, SHI

7 : GIS 731 Zheng2yuan, SHI Jian2ping. Nutrient balance of agroecosystem in six provinces in Southern China [ J ]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2000,33 (2) : ] [ 8 ] Cooke, G. W Nutrient balances and the need for potassium in humid tropical regions. In : Proceedings of the 13th IPI Congress [M]. Reims, France,1986. [ 9 ],,,. GIS [J ]., 2007, 23 (7) : [FANG Yu2dong, FENG Zhi2ming, HU Ye2cui, et al. Balance of field nitrogen nutrient inputπoutput using GIS technology in China [J ]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2007,23 (7) : [10 ]. [ D]. :,2006. [ FANG Yu2dong. Study of Nutrient InputΠOutput of Farmland on County Level in China [ D ]. Beijing: Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, ] [11 ],. [J ].,2006,24 (2) : [ FENG Zhi2ming, FANG Yu2dong. Analysis on nitrogen inputπoutput balance in croplands on county level in Gansu province [ J ]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2006, 24 (2) : ] [12 ],,,. [J ].,2004, 12 (1) : [ CAI Xiao2bu, PENG Yue2lin, XUE Hui2ying, et al. Effects of different methods of applying fertilizers on the living Beings in soil in central tibet[j ]. Chinese Journal of Eco2Agriculture,2004, 12(1) : ] [13 ],,,. [J ]., 2000, 20 ( 3) : [ CHEN Xin, WANG Zhao2qian, YANG Wu2de, et al. Effects of sloping land use patterns on phosphorus loss in a micro2watershed of Red Soil Area,Southern China [J ]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000,20 (3) : ] [14 ],,,... [J ]., 1996,33 (4) : [ YU Wan2tai, CHEN Xin, ZHANGLu, et al. Changes of soil phosphorous pool under low2input phosphorous fertilization system. soil total organic and inorganic phosphorous pools[j ]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1996, 33(4) : ] [15 ],... [J ].,1997,34(1) : [ CHEN Xin, YU Wan2tai. Changes of soil phosphorous pool under low2input phosphorous fertilization system. soli available phosphorous and the composition of soil inorganic phosphorous [J ]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1997, 34 (1) : ] [16 ] Smith VH,Tilman GD, Nekola JC. Eutrophication : impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems[j ]. Envrionmental Pollution, 1999,100(1 3) : GIS Study of Phosphorus Nutrient InputΠOutput in China at the County Level FANG Yu2dong 1,2, HU Ye2cui 2, FENG Zhi2ming 2 (1. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing , China ; 2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing , China) Abstract: Using a nutrient balance farmland model and agricultural economic statistics, this paper analyzes the phosphorus balance of Chinaπs farmland at the national, provincial and county levels. Results show the following : 1) Total phosphorus nutrient input in China is t, and output is t, so the net surplus is t, or 01029tΠhm 2 for farmland. The level of surplus P in farmland gradually declines from east to west ; 2) % of counties, or % of Chinaπs cultivated area, have insufficient phosphorus, despite the huge surplus overall ; 3) At the national level, chemical phosphate fertilizers and organic phosphate fertilizers account for % and % of total input amounts. Phosphorus from human and animal excreta accounts for % of total organic phosphate fertilizer inputs ; 4) Biological phosphorus output from farmland amounts to t, accounting for % of total phosphorus output. Key words :Farmland ; Phosphorus nutrient ; Nutrient inputπoutput balance ; County ; China