A COMMON RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR SIX RANDOM MULTIVALUED OPERATORS SATISFYING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY

Μέγεθος: px
Εμφάνιση ξεκινά από τη σελίδα:

Download "A COMMON RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR SIX RANDOM MULTIVALUED OPERATORS SATISFYING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY"

Transcript

1 International Journal of Advanced Computer and Mathematical Sciences ISSN Vol4, Issue3, 2013, pp A COMMON RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR SIX RANDOM MULTIVALUED OPERATORS SATISFYING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY Neetu Vishwakarma 1 and V.H. Badshah 2 1 Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Excellence, Bhopal (M.P.) India 2 School of Studies in Mathematics, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.) India [Received-26/04/2013, Accepted-1/07/2013] ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to establish a common random fixed point theorem for six random multivalued operators satisfying a rational inequality using the concept of weak compatibility, semi compatibility and commutativity of random multivalued operators on Polish space. Keywords: Commutativity, Polish space, semi compatible, weak compatible, random fixed point, random multivalued operators, measurable mapping. Mathematical subject classification (2000): 47H10, 54H INTRODUCTION Probabilistic function analysis has come out as one of the important mathematical disciplines in view of its role in dealing with probabilistic model in applied sciences. The study of random fixed point forms a central topic in this area. Bharucha-Reid [8] have been given various ideas associated with random fixed point theory are used to form a particularly elegant approach for the solution of non linear random system. In recent years a vast amount of mathematical activity has been carried out to obtain many remarkable results showing the existence of random fixed point of single and multivalued random operators given by Spacek [13], Hans [9], Itoh [10], Beg [5], Beg and Shahzad [7], Badshah and Sayyed [2,3], Badshah and Gagrani [1], Beg and Abbas [6], Xu, H.K. [15], Tan and Yuan [14], O'Regan [11], Plubteing and Kuman [12] and other. Recently Badshah and Shrivastava [4] introduced the concept of semi compatibility in Polish spaces and proved some random fixed point theorems for random multivalued operator on Polish spaces. 2. Prelminaries We begin with establishing some preliminaries by (Ω, ) we denote a measurable space with, a sigma algebra of subsets of Ω. Let (X,d) be a Polish space i.e. a separable complete metric

2 space. Let 2 x be the family of all subsets of X and CB(X) denote the family of all non-empty bounded closed subset of X. A mapping T: Ω 2 X is called measurable if for any open subset C of X, T -1 (C) = { ω Ω:T( C ϕ} A mapping ξ: Ω X is called measurable selector of a measurable mapping T: Ω 2 X, if ξ is measurable and for anyω Ω, ξ ( T (. A mapping T: X) is measurable. A measurable mapping f : measurable. Ω X CB(X) is called a random multivalued operator if for every x X, T (., Ω X X is called a random operator if for any x X, f (.,x) is A measurable mapping ξ : Ω X is called random fixed point of random multivalued operator T: Ω X CB(X)(f : Ω X X), if for every ω Ω, ξ ( T ( ω, ξ ( ), ( f (, ξ ( ) = ξ ( ) Definition 2.1. [7] Let X be a Polish space i.e. a separable complete metric space. Mappings f, g: X X are compatible if limd(fg(x n),gf(x n)) = 0 provided that limf(x n) and n n n limg(x n) exist in X andlimf(x n) = limg(x n). Random operators S, T: Ω X X are n n compatible if S(ω,.) and T(ω,.) are compatible for each ω Ω. Definition 2.2. Let X be a Polish space. Random of S, T: Ω X X are weakly compatible if T( ω, ξ( ω )) = S( ω, ξ( ω )) for some measurable mapping ξ : Ω X andω Ω, then T(ω, S(ω,ξ() = s(ω,t(ω,ξ() for every ω Ω. Definition 2.3. Let X be a Polish space. Random operators S, T : Ω X X are said to be commutative if S(ω,.) and T(ω,.) are commutative for each ω Ω. Definition 2.4. Let X be a Polish space. Random operators S,T : Ω X X are said to be semi compatible if d(s(ω,t(ω,ξ n ()), T(ω,ξ()) 0 as n Whenever {ξ n } is a sequence of measurable mapping from Ω X X such that d(s(ω,ξ n (), ξ() 0, d(t(ω,ξ n (), ξ() 0 as n for each ω Ω. Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 189

3 Definition 2.5. Let S, T: Ω X CB(X) be continuous random multivalued operators. S and T are said to weak compatible if they commute at their coincidence points i.e. S(ω, ξ()= T(ω,ξ() implies that ST(ω,ξ() = TS(ω, ξ(). S and T are said to be compatible if d(st(ω,ξ n (), TS(ω,ξ n ()) 0 as n. S and T are called semi compatible if d(st(ω,ξ n (), T(ω,ξ()) 0 as n whenever ξ n : Ω X, n > 0 be a measurable mapping such that d(t(ω, ξ n (), ξ() 0, d(s(ω, ξ n (), ξ() 0 as n Clearly if the pair (S,T) is semi compatible then they are weak compatible. 3. Main Result: Theorem 3.1. Let X be a Polish space and A, B, S, T, I and J : Ω X CB(X) be random multivalued operators satisfying AB(ω,X) J(ω,X), ST(ω, X) I(ω,X) and for every ω Ω. H(AB(ω,x), ST(ω,y)) < ( )[{d(ab(,x),j(,y))} {d(st(,y),i(,x))} ] α ω ω ω + ω ω {d(ab( ω,x), J( ω,y))} + {d(st( ω,y), I( ω,x))} α 2 ( [d(ab(ω,x),i(ω,x))+d(st(ω,y), J(ω,y))] + α 3 ( d(i(ω,x), J(ω,y)) (3.1) for every ω Ω and x,y X with α I : Ω X(i=1,2,3) are measurable mappings such that 2α 1 (+2α 2 (+α 3 (<1. If either (AB,I) are semi compatible, I or AB is continuous and (ST,J) are weakly compatible or (ST,J) are semi compatible, J or ST is continuous and (AB, I) are weakly compatible. Then AB, ST, I and J have a unique common random fixed point. Furthermore if the pairs (A,B), (A,I), (B,I), (S,T), (S,J) and (T,J) are commuting mappings then A,B,S,T,I and J have a unique common random fixed point. Proof: Let ξ o, ξ 1, ξ 2 : Ω X be three measurable mappings such that - AB(ω, ξ 0 () = J(ω,ξ 1 ( and ST(ω,ξ 1 () = I(ω, ξ 2 (). In general we can choose sequences {ξn} and {η n } of measurable mappings such that. AB (ω, ξ 2n () = J (ω, ξ 2n+1 () = η 2n ( ST (ω,ξ 2n () = I (ω,ξ 2n+2 () = η 2n+1 (, n=0,1,2... and ω Ω. Then for each ω Ω. d(η 2n (,η 2n+1 ()= d(ab(ω,ξ 2n (), ST(ω,ξ 2n+1 () Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 190

4 α ( { d(ab( ω, ξ2n( ),J( ω, ξ2n+ 1( ω )))} + { d(st( ω, ξ2n+ 1( ),I( ω, ξ2n( )) } { d(ab( ω, ξ ( ),J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + { d(st( ω, ξ ( ),I( ω, ξ ( )) } 2n 2n+ 1 2n+ 1 2n +α 2 ([d(ab(ω,ξ 2n (), I(ω,ξ 2n ())+d(st(ω, ξ 2n+1 (), J(ω, ξ 2n+1 ())] + α 3 ( d (I(ω,ξ 2n (), J(ω, ξ 2n+1 ()) α ( 1 { d( η (, η ( ω ))} + { d( η (, η ( ) } 2n 2n 2n+ 1 2n 1 { d( η (, η ( ω ))} + { d( η (, η ( ) } 2 2 2n 2n 2n+ 1 2n 1 +α 2 ( [d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 () +d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n ()] + α 3 ( d(η 2n-1 (, η 2n () < α 1 (d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n-1 () +α 2 ( d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n ()+d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 ()] +α 3 ( d(η 2n-1 (, η 2n () < α 1 ( ω )[d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n ()+d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 ()]+ α 2 ( [d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n ( + d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 ()] + α 3 (d(η 2n-1 (, η 2n () <(α 1 (+α 2 () d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n () +(α 1 (+α 2 (+α 3 () d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 () α1( + α2( + α3( i.e. d(η 2n (, η 2n+1 ( < 1 α ( α ( 1 2 d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 () Or d(η 2n (, η 2n+1 ( < k d(η 2n (, η 2n-1 (. where α1( + α2( + α3( k = < 1 1 α ( α ( 1 Similarly we can prove d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n+2 () < k.d(η 2n (, η 2n+1 () < k.k.d(η 2n-1 (, η 2n () Similarly proceeding in the same way, by induction we get, d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n+2 () < k 2n+1 d(η 0 (, η 1 () Furthermore for m > n, we have d(η 2n (, η 2m () < d(η 2n (, η 2n+1 () + d(η 2n+1 (, η 2n+2 () d( η 2m-1 (, η 2m () < k 2n d(η 0 (, η 1 ()+k 2n+1 d(η 0 (,η 1 () k 2m-1 d (η 0 (, η 1 () < [k 2n +k 2n k 2m-1 ] d(η 0 (, η 1 () 2 Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 191

5 2n k (1 k) d(η 0 (, η 1 (). i.e. d(η 2n (, η 2m () < 2 k n (1 k) d(η 0 (, η 1 () 0 as n, m Thus it follows that sequence {η 2n (} is a Cauchy sequence. Since X is a separable complete metric space there exists a measurable mapping ξ : Ω X such that {η 2n (} and its subsequences converges to ξ(. So, AB (ω,ξ 2n () ξ(, J (ω, ξ 2n+1 () ξ( (3.2) and ST (ω, ξ 2n+1 () ξ(, I(ω,ξ 2n+2 () ξ( for each ω Ω. (3.3) Case I. If I is continuous In this case, we have I (AB) (ω, ξ 2n () I(ω, ξ(), I 2 (ω, ξ 2n () I (ω, ξ( and semi compatibility of the pair (AB, I) gives (AB)I(ω, ξ 2n () I(ω,ξ() for each ω Ω. Step 1. For each ω Ω, H((AB)I(ω, ξ 2n (), ST(ω, ξ 2n+1 ()) 2n 2n+ 1 2n+ 1 2n {d(abi( ω, ξ2n( ),J( ω, ξ2n+ 1( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ2n+ 1( ), II( ω, ξ2n( ))} < α ( {d(abi( ω, ξ ( ),J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ ( ), II( ω, ξ ( ))} +α 2 ( [d(ab)i(ω,ξ 2n (),II(ω,ξ 2n ()) + d(st(ω, ξ 2n+1 (), J(ω,ξ 2n+1 ())] +α 3 ( [d(ii(ω,ξ 2n (), J(ω,ξ 2n+1 ())]. Taking limit n using (3.2), (3.3) we get d(i(ω,ξ(, ξ() α ( {d(i( ω, ξ( ), ξ( ω ))} + {d( ξ(,i( ω, ξ( ))} {d(i( ω, ξ( ), ξ( ω ))} + {d( ξ(,i( ω, ξ( ))} +α 2 ( [d(i(ω,ξ(), I(ω,ξ()) + d(ξ(, ξ()] +α 3 ( d(i(ω,ξ(), ξ()] = α 1 ([d(i(ω,ξ(),ξ()] + α 3 (d(i(ω,ξ(),ξ() = (α 1 (+α 3 () d(i(ω,ξ(), ξ() i.e. (1-α 1 (-α 3 () d(i(ω, ξ(), ξ() < 0. Hence, ξ( = I(ω,ξ() for each ω Ω. Step 2. For any ω Ω. H(AB(ω, ξ(), ST(ω, ξ 2n+1 ()) 2n+ 1 2n+1 {d(ab( ω, ξ( ), J( ω, ξ2n+ 1( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ2n+1( ), I( ω, ξ( ))} α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ( ), J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ ( ), I( ω, ξ( ))} +α 2 ([d(ab(ω,ξ(), I(ω,ξ()) + d(st(ω,ξ 2n+1 (), J(ω, ξ 2n+1 ())] +α 3 ( [d(i(ω,ξ(), J(ω,ξ 2n+1 ())]. Taking limit n and using results of step 1 and (3.3), we get Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 192

6 d(ab(ω,ξ(), ξ() α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ( ), ξ( ω ))} + {d( ξ(, ξ( )} {d(ab( ω, ξ( ), ξ( ω ))} + {d( ξ(, ξ( )} +α 2 ( [d(ab(ω,ξ(), ξ() + d(ξ(, ξ()] +α 3 ( d(ξ(, ξ() = α 1 (d(ab(ω,ξ(),ξ() +α 2 (d(ab(ω,ξ(), ξ() d(ab(ω,ξ(),ξ() < (α 1 (+α 2 () d(ab(ω,ξ(),ξ() implying thereby AB(ω,ξ() = ξ( for each ω Ω. Hence AB(ω,ξ() = ξ( = I(ω,ξ() for each ω Ω. As AB(ω,X) J(ω,X) then there exists a measurable mapping g : Ω AB(ω, ξ() = J(ω,g(). Therefore ξ( = AB(ω,ξ() = I(ω,ξ() = J(ω, g(). Step 3. For any ω Ω H(AB(ω,ξ 2n (), ST(ω, g() 2n 2n {d(ab( ω, ξ2n( ), J( ω,g( ω )))} + {d(st( ω,g( ),I( ω, ξ2n( ))} α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ ( ), J( ω,g( ω )))} + {d(st( ω,g( ),I( ω, ξ ( ))} +α 2 ( [d(ab(ω,ξ 2n (), I(ω,ξ 2n ()) + d(st(ω,g(), J(ω,g())] +α 3 ( d(i(ω,ξ 2n (), J(ω, g()). Taking limit as n and using the results from above steps, we obtain that d ξ ω, ξ ω + { d ( ST ( ω,g ω ), ξ( )} { d ( ξ ω, ξ ω )} + d ( ST ( ω,g ( ), ξ( ) 3 { ( ( ) ( ))} ( ) d(ξ(ω,st(ω,g()) α ( 2 ( ) ( ) { } 1 2 +α 2 ([d(ξ(, ξ() + d(st(ω,g(), ξ()] +α 3 ( d(ξ(, ξ() d(ξ(,st(ω,g())<α 1 (d(st(ω,g(),ξ()+α 2 ( d(st(ω,g(, ξ() i.e. d(ξ(,st(ω,g()) < [α 1 (+α 2 (] d(st(ω,g(),ξ() implying thereby ST(ω,g() = ξ( for each ω Ω Therefore, ST(ω,g() = J(ω,g() = ξ(. Now using the weak compatibility of (ST,J) we have J(ST) (ω,g() = (ST) J(ω,g() i.e. ST(ω, ξ() = J(ω,ξ() for each ω Ω Step 4. For each ω Ω, we have H(AB(ω,ξ(), ST(ω,ξ()) {d(ab( ω, ξ( ), J( ω, ξ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ( ), I( ω, ξ( ))} α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ ( ω )), J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ ( ω )), I( ω, ξ ( ω )))} +α 2 ([d(ab(ω,ξ(),i(ω,ξ())+d(st(ω,ξ(), J(ω,ξ())] X such that 3 Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 193

7 +α 3 (d(i(ω,ξ(), J(ω,ξ()) {d( ξ(, J( ω, ξ( ω )))} + {d( ξ(, J( ω, ξ( ))} d(ξ(, J(ω,ξ()) α ( {d( ξ ( ω ), J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d( ξ ( ω ), J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} +α 3 ( d(ξ(, J(ω, ξ()) d(ξ(,j(ω,ξ()) (α 1 (+α 3 ()d(ξ(, J(ω,ξ()). Hence ξ( = J(ω,ξ(). Thus AB(ω,ξ() = ST(ω,ξ() = I(ω, ξ() = J(ω, ξ( for each ω Ω. Hence, ξ( is a common random fixed point of the random multivalued operators AB, ST, I and J. Case II. If AB is continuous. In this case, we have, (AB)I(ω, ξ 2n () AB(ω,ξ() and semi compatibility of the pair (AB,I) gives (AB)I (ω,ξ 2n () I(ω,ξ() for each ω Ω. Step 1. For each ω Ω, we have H((AB)I(ω, ξ 2n (), ST(ω, ξ 2n+1 ()) ( ) ( ) {d( AB I( ω, ξ ( ),J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ ( ), II( ω, ξ ( ))} α ω 2n 2n+1 2n+ 1 2n 1( ) {d( AB I( 2 2 ω, ξ2n ( ω )),J( ω, ξ2n+1 ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ2n+ 1 ( ω )), II( ω, ξ2n ( ω )))} +α 2 ( [d((ab)i(ω,ξ 2n (), II(ω,ξ 2n ()) + d(st(ω,ξ 2n+1 (), J(ω,ξ 2n+1 ())] +α 3 ( d(ii(ω, ξ 2n (), J(ω, ξ 2n+1 ()). Taking limit n and using above result we get {d(i( ω, ξ( ), ξ( ω ))} + {d( ξ(, I( ω, ξ( ))} d(i(ω,ξ(), ξ() α ( {d(i( ω, ξ ( ω )), ξ ( ω ))} + {d( ξ ( ω ), I( ω, ξ ( ω )))} +α 2 ([d(i(ω,ξ(), I(ω,ξ())+d(ξ(,ξ()] +α 3 (d(i(ω,ξ(),ξ() d(i(ω,ξ(),ξ() (α 1 (+α 3 ()d(i(ω,ξ(),ξ() yielding thereby I(ω,ξ() = ξ( for each ω Ω. Step 2. For any ω Ω H(AB(ω,ξ(), ST(ω,ξ 2n+1 ()) {d(ab( ω, ξ( ),J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ ( ),I( ω, ξ( ))} α ω 2n+ 1 2n+ 1 1( ) {d(ab( 2 2 ω, ξ ( ω )),J( ω, ξ2n+ 1 ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ2n+ 1 ( ω )),I( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + α 2 ( [d(ab(ω,ξ(), I(ω,ξ())+d(ST(ω,ξ 2n+1 (), J(ω, ξ 2n+1 ())] + α 3 (d(i(ω,ξ(), J(ω,ξ 2n+1 ()). Taking limit n and using the result of step 1 of case II, we get d(ab(ω,ξ(),ξ() {d(ab( ω, ξ( ), ξ( ω ))} + {d( ξ(, ξ( )} α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ ( ω )), ξ ( ω ))} + {d( ξ ( ω ), ξ ( ω ))} +α 2 ([d(ab(ω,ξ(), ξ()+d(ξ(, ξ()] Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 194

8 +α 3 ( d(ξ(, ξ() < α 1 (d(ab(ω,ξ(),ξ()+α 2 (d(ab (ω,ξ(),ξ() i.e. d(ab(ω,ξ(), ξ() (α 1 (+α 2 () d(ab(ω,ξ(),ξ(). Hence AB(ω,ξ() = ξ( for each ω Ω Thus AB (ω,ξ() = I(ω, ξ() = ξ( for each ω Ω. As AB(ω,X) J(ω,X) there exists a measurable mapping g':ω X such that AB(ω,ξ() = J(ω,g'(). Therefore, ξ( = AB(ω, ξ() = I(ω,ξ() = J(ω,g'(). Step 3. For any ω Ω, H(AB(ω, ξ 2n (), ST(ω, g'()) {d(ab( ω, ξ ( ),J( ω,g'( ω )))} + {d(st( ω,g'( ), I( ω, ξ ( ))} α ω 2n 2n 1( ) {d(ab( 2 2 ω, ξ2n ( ω )),J( ω,g'( ω )))} + {d(st( ω,g'( ω )), I( ω, ξ2n ( ω )))} + α 2 ( [d(ab(ω,ξ 2n (), I(ω,ξ 2n ())+d(st(ω,g'(), J(ω,g'())] + α 3 ( d(i(ω,ξ 2n (), J(ω,g'()). Taking limit n and using the result from above steps, we obtain that d(ξ(, ST(ω,g'()) < (α 1 (+α 2 () d(ξ(, ST(ω, g'()) implying thereby ST(ω,g'() = ξ( for each ω Ω. Therefore ST(ω,g'() = J(ω,g'() = ξ( for each ω Ω. Now using the weak compatibility of (ST, J) we have J(ST) (ω,g'() = (ST)J(ω,g'() i.e. ST(ω,ξ() = J(ω,ξ() for each ω Ω. Step 4. For any ω Ω H(AB(ω,ξ(), ST(ω,ξ()) {d(ab( ω, ξ( ),J( ω, ξ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ( ), I( ω, ξ( ))} α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ ( ω )),J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(st( ω, ξ ( ω )), I( ω, ξ ( ω )))} +α 2 ([d(ab(ω,ξ(),i(ω,ξ()) + d(st(ω,ξ(), J(ω,ξ())] +α 3 (d(i(ω,ξ(),j(ω,ξ()) {d( ξ(,j( ω, ξ( ω )))} + {d(j( ω, ξ( ), ξ( )} d(ξ(,j(ω,ξ()) α ( {d( ξ ( ω ),J( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + {d(j( ω, ξ ( ω )), ξ ( ω ))} + α 3 (d(ξ(, J(ω, ξ()) d(ξ(, J(ω,ξ()) (α 1 (+α 3 () d(ξ(, J(ω,ξ()) Hence ξ( = J(ω,ξ(). Thus AB(ω,ξ() = ST(ω,ξ() = I(ω,ξ() = J(ω, ξ() = ξ( for each ω Ω. Hence ξ( is a common random fixed point of the random multivalued operators AB, ST, I and J. If the mapping ST of J is continuous instead of AB or I there the proof that ξ( is a common random fixed point of AB, ST, I and J is similar. Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 195

9 For uniqueness : Let h : Ω X be another common random fixed point of random multivalued operators AB, ST, I and J. Then for each ω Ω. H(AB(ω,ξ(), ST(ω,h()) {d(ab( ω, ξ( ),J( ω,h( ω )))} + {d(st( ω,h( ),I( ω, ξ( ))} α ( {d(ab( ω, ξ ( ω )),J( ω,h( ω )))} + {d(st( ω,h( ω )),I( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + α 2 ([d(ab(ω,ξ(), I(ω,ξ())+d(ST(ω,h(), J(ω,h())] + α 3 ( d(i(ω,ξ(), J(ω,h()). Taking limit n and using the result we obtain that {d( ξ(,h( ω ))} + {d(h(, ξ( )} d( ξ(,h( ) α ( {d( ξ ( ω ),h( ω ))} + {d(h( ω ), ξ ( ω ))} + α 3 (d(ξ, h() i.e. d(ξ(,h() (α 1 (+α 3 () d(ξ(,h() yielding thereby ξ( = h( Hence ξ( is a unique common random fixed point of AB, ST, I and J. Finally we need to show that ξ( is a common random fixed point of random multivalued operators A,B,S,T,I and J. For this ξ( be the unique common random fixed point of both the pairs (AB,I) and (ST,J). Then A(ω,ξ()=A(ω,AB(ω,ξ()) = A(ω,BA(ω,ξ())=AB (ω, A(ω,ξ()), A(ω,ξ()=A(ω,I(ω,ξ())=I(ω,A(ω,ξ()) B(ω,ξ() = B(ω,AB(ω,ξ())=BA (ω,b(ω,ξ())=ab(ω,b(ω,ξ()), B(ω,ξ()=B(ω,I(ω,ξ()) = I(ω,B(ω,ξ()) which shows that A(ω,ξ() and B(ω,ξ() is a common random fixed point of (AB,I) yielding thereby A(ω,ξ()= ξ( = B(ω,ξ() = I(ω,ξ() = AB(ω,ξ() in the view of uniqueness of the common random fixed point of the pair (AB,I). Similarly using the commutativity of (S,T) (S,J) and (T,J) it can be shown that S(ω,ξ() = ξ(=t(ω,ξ() = J(ω,ξ() = ST(ω,ξ(). Now we need to show that A(ω,ξ() = S(ω,ξ() and B(ω,ξ() =T(ω,ξ() also in the view of uniqueness of the common random fixed point of the pair (AB,I). Similarly using the commutativity if (S,T), (S,J) and (T,J) it can be shown that S(ω,ξ()=ξ( = T(ω,ξ() = J(ω,ξ() = ST (ω,ξ() Now we need to show that A(ω,ξ() = S(ω,ξ() and B(ω,ξ() = T(ω,ξ() also remains a common random fixed point of both the pairs (AB,I ) and (ST,J). For this H(AB(ω,A(ω,ξ()),ST(ω,S(ω,ξ())) Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 196

10 {d(ab( ω,a( ω, ξ( )),J( ω,s( ω, ξ( ω ))))} + {d(st( ω,s( ω, ξ( )),I( ω,a( ω, ξ( ))} α ( {d(ab( ω,a( ω, ξ ( ω ))),J( ω,s( ω, ξ ( ω ))))} + {d(st( ω,s( ω, ξ ( ω ))),I( ω,a( ω, ξ ( ω )))} + α 2 ([d(ab(ω,a(ω,ξ()),i(ω,a(ω,ξ()))] + α 3 ( d(i(ω,a(ω,ξ()), J(ω,S(ω,ξ())). Taking limit n we have d(a(ω,ξ(, S(ω,ξ() =0 yielding thereby A(ω,ξ() = S(ω,ξ(), for each ω Ω. Similarly it can be shown that B(ω, ξ() = T(ω,ξ(), for each ω Ω. Thus ξ( is a unique common random fixed point of random multivalued operators A,B,S,T,I and J. Corollary: Theorem remains true if contraction condition 3.1 replaced by any one of the following condition. [{d(ab( ω,x),j( ω,y))} + {d(st( ω,y),i( ω,x))} ] (i) H(AB( ω,x),st( ω,y)) α1( {d(ab(,x),j(,y))] 2 {d(st(,y),i(,x))} 2 ω ω + ω ω +α 2 ([d(ab(ω,x),i(ω,x))+d(st(ω,y),j(ω,y))] for every ω Ω and x,y X with α 1,α 2 :Ω X are measurable mappings such that 2α 1 (+2α 2 ( < 1. [{d(ab( ω,x),j( ω,y))} + {d(st( ω,y),i( ω,x))} (ii) H(AB( ω,x),st( ω,y)) α ( {d(ab( ω,x),j( ω,y))} + {d(st( ω,y),i( ω,x))} +α 3 ( d(i(ω,x), J(ω,y)) for every ω Ω and x, y X with α 1,α 3 : Ω X are measurable mappings such that 2α 1 ( + α 3 ( < 1 (iii) H(AB(ω,x),ST(ω,y)) < α 2 ( [d(ab(ω,x), I(ω,x)) +d(st(ω,y),j(ω,y))] +α 3 ( d(i(ω,x), J(ω,y)) for every ω Ω and x,y X with α 2,α 3 : Ω X are measurable mappings such that 2α 2 (+α 3 ( < 1. Proof. Corollaries corresponding to the contraction conditions (i),(ii) and (iii) can be deducted directly from theorem-by choosing α 3 (=0, α 2 (=0 and α 1 ( = 0 respectively. REFERENCE 1. Badshah, V.H. And Gagrani, S., Common random fixed points of random multi valued operators on Polish space, Journal of Chungcheong Mathematical society, Korea 18(1), 2005, Badshah, V.H. and Sayyed, F., Random fixed point of random multivalued operators on Polish space, Kuwait J. of science and Engineering, 27 (2000), Badshah V.H. Sayyed, F., Common random fixed point of random multivalued operators on Polish space, Indian Jour. Pure Appl. Math. 33(4), (2001), Badshah, V.H. and Shrivastava, N., Semi compatibility and random fixed points on Polish spaces, Varahmihir Jour. Math. Sci. Vol. 6 No. 2(2006), Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 197

11 5. Beg, I., Random fixed points of random multivalued operators satisfying semi-contractivity conditions, Math-Japan., 46(1), (1997), Beg, I. and Abbas M., Common random fixed point of compatible random operators, Int. Jour. Math. Math. Sci, Vol. 2006, Article ID 23486, Beg, I. and Shahzad, N., Random fixed points of random multi-valued operators on Polish Spaces, Non-Linear Analysis, 20 (1993) Bharucha-Raid, A.T., Random Integral equations, Academic Press, New York, Hans, O., Reduzierende Zufallige transformation, Czechoslovak Math. Jour. 7(1957), Itoh, S., A random fixed point theorem for a multi valued contraction mapping, Pacific, J. Math. 68(1977), O'Regan, D.Shahzad, N., Agrawal, R.P., Random fixed point theory in spaces with two metrices, Jour Appl.Math. Sto. Anal. 16(2), (2003), Plubtieng, S. and Kumar, P., Random fixed point theorems for multivalued non-expansive non-self random operators, Jour, Appl Math. Sto.Anal. Vol. 2006, Article ID 43796, Spacek, A., Zufallige Gleichungen, Czechoslovak Math. Jour. 5 (1955), Tan, K.K. and Yuan, X.Z., on deterministic and random fixed point, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 119 (1993), Xu. H.K., Multivalued non expansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Analysis 43 (2001), No. 6, Neetu Vishwakarma and V.H. Badshah 198

COMMON RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN SYMMETRIC SPACES

COMMON RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN SYMMETRIC SPACES Iteratioal Joural of Avacemets i Research & Techology, Volume, Issue, Jauary-03 ISSN 78-7763 COMMON RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN SYMMETRIC SPACES Dr Neetu Vishwakarma a Dr M S Chauha Sagar Istitute of

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Ordinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit

Ordinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit Ordinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit Ting Zhang Stanford May 11, 2001 Stanford, 5/11/2001 1 Outline Ordinal Classification Ordinal Addition Ordinal Multiplication Ordinal

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Homomorphism in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Automata

Homomorphism in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Automata International Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics Systems. ISSN 2248-9940 Volume 3, Number 1 (2013), pp. 39-45 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijfms.htm Homomorphism in Intuitionistic

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

2 Composition. Invertible Mappings

2 Composition. Invertible Mappings Arkansas Tech University MATH 4033: Elementary Modern Algebra Dr. Marcel B. Finan Composition. Invertible Mappings In this section we discuss two procedures for creating new mappings from old ones, namely,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SOME PROPERTIES OF FUZZY REAL NUMBERS

SOME PROPERTIES OF FUZZY REAL NUMBERS Sahand Communications in Mathematical Analysis (SCMA) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2016), 21-27 http://scma.maragheh.ac.ir SOME PROPERTIES OF FUZZY REAL NUMBERS BAYAZ DARABY 1 AND JAVAD JAFARI 2 Abstract. In the mathematical

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Uniform Convergence of Fourier Series Michael Taylor

Uniform Convergence of Fourier Series Michael Taylor Uniform Convergence of Fourier Series Michael Taylor Given f L 1 T 1 ), we consider the partial sums of the Fourier series of f: N 1) S N fθ) = ˆfk)e ikθ. k= N A calculation gives the Dirichlet formula

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Common Random Fixed Point Theorems under Contraction of rational Type in Multiplicative Metric Space

Common Random Fixed Point Theorems under Contraction of rational Type in Multiplicative Metric Space Global Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. ISSN 0973-1768 Volume 13 Number 7 2017) pp. 3703-3726 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Common Random Fixed Point Theorems under Contraction

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Some new generalized topologies via hereditary classes. Key Words:hereditary generalized topological space, A κ(h,µ)-sets, κµ -topology.

Some new generalized topologies via hereditary classes. Key Words:hereditary generalized topological space, A κ(h,µ)-sets, κµ -topology. Bol. Soc. Paran. Mat. (3s.) v. 30 2 (2012): 71 77. c SPM ISSN-2175-1188 on line ISSN-00378712 in press SPM: www.spm.uem.br/bspm doi:10.5269/bspm.v30i2.13793 Some new generalized topologies via hereditary

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Nowhere-zero flows Let be a digraph, Abelian group. A Γ-circulation in is a mapping : such that, where, and : tail in X, head in

Nowhere-zero flows Let be a digraph, Abelian group. A Γ-circulation in is a mapping : such that, where, and : tail in X, head in Nowhere-zero flows Let be a digraph, Abelian group. A Γ-circulation in is a mapping : such that, where, and : tail in X, head in : tail in X, head in A nowhere-zero Γ-flow is a Γ-circulation such that

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Congruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2

Congruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2 International Journal of Algebra, Vol. 8, 24, no. 5, 239-246 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/.2988/ija.24.422 Congruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2 Ligong An and

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SCITECH Volume 13, Issue 2 RESEARCH ORGANISATION Published online: March 29, 2018

SCITECH Volume 13, Issue 2 RESEARCH ORGANISATION Published online: March 29, 2018 Journal of rogressive Research in Mathematics(JRM) ISSN: 2395-028 SCITECH Volume 3, Issue 2 RESEARCH ORGANISATION ublished online: March 29, 208 Journal of rogressive Research in Mathematics www.scitecresearch.com/journals

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy. Equivalence Relation

A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy. Equivalence Relation International Mathematical Forum, 5, 2010, no. 67, 3301-3307 A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Equivalence Relation D. K. Basnet Dept. of Mathematics, Assam University Silchar-788011, Assam, India dkbasnet@rediffmail.com

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

J. of Math. (PRC) Banach, , X = N(T ) R(T + ), Y = R(T ) N(T + ). Vol. 37 ( 2017 ) No. 5

J. of Math. (PRC) Banach, , X = N(T ) R(T + ), Y = R(T ) N(T + ). Vol. 37 ( 2017 ) No. 5 Vol. 37 ( 2017 ) No. 5 J. of Math. (PRC) 1,2, 1, 1 (1., 225002) (2., 225009) :. I +AT +, T + = T + (I +AT + ) 1, T +. Banach Hilbert Moore-Penrose.. : ; ; Moore-Penrose ; ; MR(2010) : 47L05; 46A32 : O177.2

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Commutative Monoids in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

Commutative Monoids in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Commutative Monoids in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets S K Mala #1, Dr. MM Shanmugapriya *2 1 PhD Scholar in Mathematics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu- 641021 Assistant Professor of Mathematics,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

1. Introduction and Preliminaries.

1. Introduction and Preliminaries. Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia Available at: http://www.pmf.ni.ac.yu/filomat Filomat 22:1 (2008), 97 106 ON δ SETS IN γ SPACES V. Renuka Devi and D. Sivaraj Abstract We

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

On a four-dimensional hyperbolic manifold with finite volume

On a four-dimensional hyperbolic manifold with finite volume BULETINUL ACADEMIEI DE ŞTIINŢE A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA. MATEMATICA Numbers 2(72) 3(73), 2013, Pages 80 89 ISSN 1024 7696 On a four-dimensional hyperbolic manifold with finite volume I.S.Gutsul Abstract. In

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ON RANDOM COINCIDENCE POINT AND RANDOM COUPLED FIXED POINT THEOREMS

ON RANDOM COINCIDENCE POINT AND RANDOM COUPLED FIXED POINT THEOREMS Palestine Journal of Mathematics Vol. 4(2) (2015), 348 359 Palestine Polytechnic University-PPU 2015 ON RANDOM COINCIDENCE POINT AND RANDOM COUPLED FIXED POINT THEOREMS Animesh Gupta Erdal Karapınar Communicated

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

C.S. 430 Assignment 6, Sample Solutions

C.S. 430 Assignment 6, Sample Solutions C.S. 430 Assignment 6, Sample Solutions Paul Liu November 15, 2007 Note that these are sample solutions only; in many cases there were many acceptable answers. 1 Reynolds Problem 10.1 1.1 Normal-order

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

2. Let H 1 and H 2 be Hilbert spaces and let T : H 1 H 2 be a bounded linear operator. Prove that [T (H 1 )] = N (T ). (6p)

2. Let H 1 and H 2 be Hilbert spaces and let T : H 1 H 2 be a bounded linear operator. Prove that [T (H 1 )] = N (T ). (6p) Uppsala Universitet Matematiska Institutionen Andreas Strömbergsson Prov i matematik Funktionalanalys Kurs: F3B, F4Sy, NVP 2005-03-08 Skrivtid: 9 14 Tillåtna hjälpmedel: Manuella skrivdon, Kreyszigs bok

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Matrices and Determinants

Matrices and Determinants Matrices and Determinants SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: Q 1. For what value of k do the following system of equations possess a non-trivial (i.e., not all zero) solution over the set of rationals Q? x + ky + 3z

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Coefficient Inequalities for a New Subclass of K-uniformly Convex Functions

Coefficient Inequalities for a New Subclass of K-uniformly Convex Functions International Journal of Computational Science and Mathematics. ISSN 0974-89 Volume, Number (00), pp. 67--75 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Coefficient Inequalities for

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II

ST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II ST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II 2014/2015: Semester II Tutorial 7 1. Let X be a sample from a population P and consider testing hypotheses H 0 : P = P 0 versus H 1 : P = P 1, where P j is a known

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

A General Note on δ-quasi Monotone and Increasing Sequence

A General Note on δ-quasi Monotone and Increasing Sequence International Mathematical Forum, 4, 2009, no. 3, 143-149 A General Note on δ-quasi Monotone and Increasing Sequence Santosh Kr. Saxena H. N. 419, Jawaharpuri, Badaun, U.P., India Presently working in

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Reminders: linear functions

Reminders: linear functions Reminders: linear functions Let U and V be vector spaces over the same field F. Definition A function f : U V is linear if for every u 1, u 2 U, f (u 1 + u 2 ) = f (u 1 ) + f (u 2 ), and for every u U

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(1,1)

4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(1,1) 84 CHAPTER 4. STATIONARY TS MODELS 4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(,) This section is an introduction to a wide class of models ARMA(p,q) which we will consider in more detail later in this

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Statistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests

Statistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests Statistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests Shirsendu Mukherjee Department of Statistics, Asutosh College, Kolkata, India. shirsendu st@yahoo.co.in So far we have treated the testing of one-sided

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

EE512: Error Control Coding

EE512: Error Control Coding EE512: Error Control Coding Solution for Assignment on Finite Fields February 16, 2007 1. (a) Addition and Multiplication tables for GF (5) and GF (7) are shown in Tables 1 and 2. + 0 1 2 3 4 0 0 1 2 3

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Example Sheet 3 Solutions

Example Sheet 3 Solutions Example Sheet 3 Solutions. i Regular Sturm-Liouville. ii Singular Sturm-Liouville mixed boundary conditions. iii Not Sturm-Liouville ODE is not in Sturm-Liouville form. iv Regular Sturm-Liouville note

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

A summation formula ramified with hypergeometric function and involving recurrence relation

A summation formula ramified with hypergeometric function and involving recurrence relation South Asian Journal of Mathematics 017, Vol. 7 ( 1): 1 4 www.sajm-online.com ISSN 51-151 RESEARCH ARTICLE A summation formula ramified with hypergeometric function and involving recurrence relation Salahuddin

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Every set of first-order formulas is equivalent to an independent set

Every set of first-order formulas is equivalent to an independent set Every set of first-order formulas is equivalent to an independent set May 6, 2008 Abstract A set of first-order formulas, whatever the cardinality of the set of symbols, is equivalent to an independent

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

DIRECT PRODUCT AND WREATH PRODUCT OF TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUPS

DIRECT PRODUCT AND WREATH PRODUCT OF TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUPS GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. oc. IN 606-694) 0) -7 DIRECT PRODUCT AND WREATH PRODUCT OF TRANFORMATION EMIGROUP ubrata Majumdar, * Kalyan Kumar Dey and Mohd. Altab Hossain Department of Mathematics University

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

MINIMAL CLOSED SETS AND MAXIMAL CLOSED SETS

MINIMAL CLOSED SETS AND MAXIMAL CLOSED SETS MINIMAL CLOSED SETS AND MAXIMAL CLOSED SETS FUMIE NAKAOKA AND NOBUYUKI ODA Received 20 December 2005; Revised 28 May 2006; Accepted 6 August 2006 Some properties of minimal closed sets and maximal closed

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Second Order Partial Differential Equations

Second Order Partial Differential Equations Chapter 7 Second Order Partial Differential Equations 7.1 Introduction A second order linear PDE in two independent variables (x, y Ω can be written as A(x, y u x + B(x, y u xy + C(x, y u u u + D(x, y

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ideals of Near Rings

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ideals of Near Rings International Mathematical Forum, Vol. 7, 202, no. 6, 769-776 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ideals of Near Rings P. K. Sharma P.G. Department of Mathematics D.A.V. College Jalandhar city, Punjab, India pksharma@davjalandhar.com

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Lecture 2: Dirac notation and a review of linear algebra Read Sakurai chapter 1, Baym chatper 3

Lecture 2: Dirac notation and a review of linear algebra Read Sakurai chapter 1, Baym chatper 3 Lecture 2: Dirac notation and a review of linear algebra Read Sakurai chapter 1, Baym chatper 3 1 State vector space and the dual space Space of wavefunctions The space of wavefunctions is the set of all

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Iterated trilinear fourier integrals with arbitrary symbols

Iterated trilinear fourier integrals with arbitrary symbols Cornell University ICM 04, Satellite Conference in Harmonic Analysis, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea August 6, 04 Motivation the Coifman-Meyer theorem with classical paraproduct(979) B(f, f )(x) :=

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN INTEGRAL OPERATORS. a n z n (1.1)

PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN INTEGRAL OPERATORS. a n z n (1.1) GEORGIAN MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL: Vol. 2, No. 5, 995, 535-545 PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN INTEGRAL OPERATORS SHIGEYOSHI OWA Abstract. Two integral operators P α and Q α for analytic functions in the open unit disk

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Math 446 Homework 3 Solutions. (1). (i): Reverse triangle inequality for metrics: Let (X, d) be a metric space and let x, y, z X.

Math 446 Homework 3 Solutions. (1). (i): Reverse triangle inequality for metrics: Let (X, d) be a metric space and let x, y, z X. Math 446 Homework 3 Solutions. (1). (i): Reverse triangle inequalit for metrics: Let (X, d) be a metric space and let x,, z X. Prove that d(x, z) d(, z) d(x, ). (ii): Reverse triangle inequalit for norms:

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ORDINAL ARITHMETIC JULIAN J. SCHLÖDER

ORDINAL ARITHMETIC JULIAN J. SCHLÖDER ORDINAL ARITHMETIC JULIAN J. SCHLÖDER Abstract. We define ordinal arithmetic and show laws of Left- Monotonicity, Associativity, Distributivity, some minor related properties and the Cantor Normal Form.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Fractional Colorings and Zykov Products of graphs

Fractional Colorings and Zykov Products of graphs Fractional Colorings and Zykov Products of graphs Who? Nichole Schimanski When? July 27, 2011 Graphs A graph, G, consists of a vertex set, V (G), and an edge set, E(G). V (G) is any finite set E(G) is

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Concrete Mathematics Exercises from 30 September 2016

Concrete Mathematics Exercises from 30 September 2016 Concrete Mathematics Exercises from 30 September 2016 Silvio Capobianco Exercise 1.7 Let H(n) = J(n + 1) J(n). Equation (1.8) tells us that H(2n) = 2, and H(2n+1) = J(2n+2) J(2n+1) = (2J(n+1) 1) (2J(n)+1)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Tridiagonal matrices. Gérard MEURANT. October, 2008

Tridiagonal matrices. Gérard MEURANT. October, 2008 Tridiagonal matrices Gérard MEURANT October, 2008 1 Similarity 2 Cholesy factorizations 3 Eigenvalues 4 Inverse Similarity Let α 1 ω 1 β 1 α 2 ω 2 T =......... β 2 α 1 ω 1 β 1 α and β i ω i, i = 1,...,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Math221: HW# 1 solutions

Math221: HW# 1 solutions Math: HW# solutions Andy Royston October, 5 7.5.7, 3 rd Ed. We have a n = b n = a = fxdx = xdx =, x cos nxdx = x sin nx n sin nxdx n = cos nx n = n n, x sin nxdx = x cos nx n + cos nxdx n cos n = + sin

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates Kiryl Tsishchanka Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates In this section we develop the formula for the area of a region whose boundary is given by a polar equation. We need to use the formula for the

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

F A S C I C U L I M A T H E M A T I C I

F A S C I C U L I M A T H E M A T I C I F A S C I C U L I M A T H E M A T I C I Nr 46 2011 C. Carpintero, N. Rajesh and E. Rosas ON A CLASS OF (γ, γ )-PREOPEN SETS IN A TOPOLOGICAL SPACE Abstract. In this paper we have introduced the concept

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

derivation of the Laplacian from rectangular to spherical coordinates

derivation of the Laplacian from rectangular to spherical coordinates derivation of the Laplacian from rectangular to spherical coordinates swapnizzle 03-03- :5:43 We begin by recognizing the familiar conversion from rectangular to spherical coordinates (note that φ is used

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES G11LMA Linear Mathematics Examination Solutions

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES G11LMA Linear Mathematics Examination Solutions SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES GLMA Linear Mathematics 00- Examination Solutions. (a) i. ( + 5i)( i) = (6 + 5) + (5 )i = + i. Real part is, imaginary part is. (b) ii. + 5i i ( + 5i)( + i) = ( i)( + i)

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates Kiryl Tsishchanka Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates In this section we develop the formula for the area of a region whose boundary is given by a polar equation. We need to use the formula for the

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Chapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential. be continuous functions on the interval

Chapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential. be continuous functions on the interval Chapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential Equations Let a (t), a 2 (t),..., a nn (t), b (t), b 2 (t),..., b n (t) be continuous functions on the interval I. The system of n first-order differential equations

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Homework 8 Model Solution Section

Homework 8 Model Solution Section MATH 004 Homework Solution Homework 8 Model Solution Section 14.5 14.6. 14.5. Use the Chain Rule to find dz where z cosx + 4y), x 5t 4, y 1 t. dz dx + dy y sinx + 4y)0t + 4) sinx + 4y) 1t ) 0t + 4t ) sinx

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

HOMEWORK 4 = G. In order to plot the stress versus the stretch we define a normalized stretch:

HOMEWORK 4 = G. In order to plot the stress versus the stretch we define a normalized stretch: HOMEWORK 4 Problem a For the fast loading case, we want to derive the relationship between P zz and λ z. We know that the nominal stress is expressed as: P zz = ψ λ z where λ z = λ λ z. Therefore, applying

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Jordan Journal of Mathematics and Statistics (JJMS) 4(2), 2011, pp

Jordan Journal of Mathematics and Statistics (JJMS) 4(2), 2011, pp Jordan Journal of Mathematics and Statistics (JJMS) 4(2), 2011, pp.115-126. α, β, γ ORTHOGONALITY ABDALLA TALLAFHA Abstract. Orthogonality in inner product spaces can be expresed using the notion of norms.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Homomorphism of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Groups

Homomorphism of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Groups International Mathematical Forum, Vol. 6, 20, no. 64, 369-378 Homomorphism o Intuitionistic Fuzz Groups P. K. Sharma Department o Mathematics, D..V. College Jalandhar Cit, Punjab, India pksharma@davjalandhar.com

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ANSWERSHEET (TOPIC = DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) COLLECTION #2. h 0 h h 0 h h 0 ( ) g k = g 0 + g 1 + g g 2009 =?

ANSWERSHEET (TOPIC = DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) COLLECTION #2. h 0 h h 0 h h 0 ( ) g k = g 0 + g 1 + g g 2009 =? Teko Classes IITJEE/AIEEE Maths by SUHAAG SIR, Bhopal, Ph (0755) 3 00 000 www.tekoclasses.com ANSWERSHEET (TOPIC DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) COLLECTION # Question Type A.Single Correct Type Q. (A) Sol least

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Generating Set of the Complete Semigroups of Binary Relations

Generating Set of the Complete Semigroups of Binary Relations Applied Mathematics 06 7 98-07 Published Online January 06 in SciRes http://wwwscirporg/journal/am http://dxdoiorg/036/am067009 Generating Set of the Complete Semigroups of Binary Relations Yasha iasamidze

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Exercises 10. Find a fundamental matrix of the given system of equations. Also find the fundamental matrix Φ(t) satisfying Φ(0) = I. 1.

Exercises 10. Find a fundamental matrix of the given system of equations. Also find the fundamental matrix Φ(t) satisfying Φ(0) = I. 1. Exercises 0 More exercises are available in Elementary Differential Equations. If you have a problem to solve any of them, feel free to come to office hour. Problem Find a fundamental matrix of the given

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Απόκριση σε Μοναδιαία Ωστική Δύναμη (Unit Impulse) Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο. Απόστολος Σ.

Απόκριση σε Μοναδιαία Ωστική Δύναμη (Unit Impulse) Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο. Απόστολος Σ. Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο The time integral of a force is referred to as impulse, is determined by and is obtained from: Newton s 2 nd Law of motion states that the action

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

12. Radon-Nikodym Theorem

12. Radon-Nikodym Theorem Tutorial 12: Radon-Nikodym Theorem 1 12. Radon-Nikodym Theorem In the following, (Ω, F) is an arbitrary measurable space. Definition 96 Let μ and ν be two (possibly complex) measures on (Ω, F). We say

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

6.3 Forecasting ARMA processes

6.3 Forecasting ARMA processes 122 CHAPTER 6. ARMA MODELS 6.3 Forecasting ARMA processes The purpose of forecasting is to predict future values of a TS based on the data collected to the present. In this section we will discuss a linear

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

6.1. Dirac Equation. Hamiltonian. Dirac Eq.

6.1. Dirac Equation. Hamiltonian. Dirac Eq. 6.1. Dirac Equation Ref: M.Kaku, Quantum Field Theory, Oxford Univ Press (1993) η μν = η μν = diag(1, -1, -1, -1) p 0 = p 0 p = p i = -p i p μ p μ = p 0 p 0 + p i p i = E c 2 - p 2 = (m c) 2 H = c p 2

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Lecture 2. Soundness and completeness of propositional logic

Lecture 2. Soundness and completeness of propositional logic Lecture 2 Soundness and completeness of propositional logic February 9, 2004 1 Overview Review of natural deduction. Soundness and completeness. Semantics of propositional formulas. Soundness proof. Completeness

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Other Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests

Other Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests Other Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests Side-Note: So far we have seen a few approaches for creating tests such as Neyman-Pearson Lemma ( most powerful tests of H 0 : θ = θ 0 vs H 1 :

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Main source: "Discrete-time systems and computer control" by Α. ΣΚΟΔΡΑΣ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΞΗ 4 ΔΙΑΦΑΝΕΙΑ 1

Main source: Discrete-time systems and computer control by Α. ΣΚΟΔΡΑΣ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΞΗ 4 ΔΙΑΦΑΝΕΙΑ 1 Main source: "Discrete-time systems and computer control" by Α. ΣΚΟΔΡΑΣ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΟΣ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΞΗ 4 ΔΙΑΦΑΝΕΙΑ 1 A Brief History of Sampling Research 1915 - Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873-1956) devised a

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

k A = [k, k]( )[a 1, a 2 ] = [ka 1,ka 2 ] 4For the division of two intervals of confidence in R +

k A = [k, k]( )[a 1, a 2 ] = [ka 1,ka 2 ] 4For the division of two intervals of confidence in R + Chapter 3. Fuzzy Arithmetic 3- Fuzzy arithmetic: ~Addition(+) and subtraction (-): Let A = [a and B = [b, b in R If x [a and y [b, b than x+y [a +b +b Symbolically,we write A(+)B = [a (+)[b, b = [a +b

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

CRASH COURSE IN PRECALCULUS

CRASH COURSE IN PRECALCULUS CRASH COURSE IN PRECALCULUS Shiah-Sen Wang The graphs are prepared by Chien-Lun Lai Based on : Precalculus: Mathematics for Calculus by J. Stuwart, L. Redin & S. Watson, 6th edition, 01, Brooks/Cole Chapter

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

GAUGES OF BAIRE CLASS ONE FUNCTIONS

GAUGES OF BAIRE CLASS ONE FUNCTIONS GAUGES OF BAIRE CLASS ONE FUNCTIONS ZULIJANTO ATOK, WEE-KEE TANG, AND DONGSHENG ZHAO Abstract. Let K be a compact metric space and f : K R be a bounded Baire class one function. We proved that for any

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Homomorphism and Cartesian Product on Fuzzy Translation and Fuzzy Multiplication of PS-algebras

Homomorphism and Cartesian Product on Fuzzy Translation and Fuzzy Multiplication of PS-algebras Annals of Pure and Applied athematics Vol. 8, No. 1, 2014, 93-104 ISSN: 2279-087X (P), 2279-0888(online) Published on 11 November 2014 www.researchmathsci.org Annals of Homomorphism and Cartesian Product

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Intuitionistic Supra Gradation of Openness

Intuitionistic Supra Gradation of Openness Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences 2(3) (2008), 291-307 An International Journal c 2008 Dixie W Publishing Corporation, U. S. A. Intuitionistic Supra Gradation of Openness A. M. Zahran 1, S. E.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Practice Exam 2. Conceptual Questions. 1. State a Basic identity and then verify it. (a) Identity: Solution: One identity is csc(θ) = 1

Practice Exam 2. Conceptual Questions. 1. State a Basic identity and then verify it. (a) Identity: Solution: One identity is csc(θ) = 1 Conceptual Questions. State a Basic identity and then verify it. a) Identity: Solution: One identity is cscθ) = sinθ) Practice Exam b) Verification: Solution: Given the point of intersection x, y) of the

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Inverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. ------------------ ----------------------------- -----------------

Inverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. ------------------ ----------------------------- ----------------- Inverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. 1. Sin ( ) = a) b) c) d) Ans b. Solution : Method 1. Ans a: 17 > 1 a) is rejected. w.k.t Sin ( sin ) = d is rejected. If sin

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Subclass of Univalent Functions with Negative Coefficients and Starlike with Respect to Symmetric and Conjugate Points

Subclass of Univalent Functions with Negative Coefficients and Starlike with Respect to Symmetric and Conjugate Points Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 2, 2008, no. 35, 1739-1748 Subclass of Univalent Functions with Negative Coefficients and Starlike with Respect to Symmetric and Conjugate Points S. M. Khairnar and

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

( y) Partial Differential Equations

( y) Partial Differential Equations Partial Dierential Equations Linear P.D.Es. contains no owers roducts o the deendent variables / an o its derivatives can occasionall be solved. Consider eamle ( ) a (sometimes written as a ) we can integrate

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

The Simply Typed Lambda Calculus

The Simply Typed Lambda Calculus Type Inference Instead of writing type annotations, can we use an algorithm to infer what the type annotations should be? That depends on the type system. For simple type systems the answer is yes, and

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Jesse Maassen and Mark Lundstrom Purdue University November 25, 2013

Jesse Maassen and Mark Lundstrom Purdue University November 25, 2013 Notes on Average Scattering imes and Hall Factors Jesse Maassen and Mar Lundstrom Purdue University November 5, 13 I. Introduction 1 II. Solution of the BE 1 III. Exercises: Woring out average scattering

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Phys460.nb Solution for the t-dependent Schrodinger s equation How did we find the solution? (not required)

Phys460.nb Solution for the t-dependent Schrodinger s equation How did we find the solution? (not required) Phys460.nb 81 ψ n (t) is still the (same) eigenstate of H But for tdependent H. The answer is NO. 5.5.5. Solution for the tdependent Schrodinger s equation If we assume that at time t 0, the electron starts

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Research Article Existence of Positive Solutions for m-point Boundary Value Problems on Time Scales

Research Article Existence of Positive Solutions for m-point Boundary Value Problems on Time Scales Hindawi Publishing Corporation Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society Volume 29, Article ID 189768, 12 pages doi:1.1155/29/189768 Research Article Existence of Positive Solutions for m-point Boundary

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Section 8.3 Trigonometric Equations

Section 8.3 Trigonometric Equations 99 Section 8. Trigonometric Equations Objective 1: Solve Equations Involving One Trigonometric Function. In this section and the next, we will exple how to solving equations involving trigonometric functions.

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Operation Approaches on α-γ-open Sets in Topological Spaces

Operation Approaches on α-γ-open Sets in Topological Spaces Int. Journal of Math. Analysis, Vol. 7, 2013, no. 10, 491-498 Operation Approaches on α-γ-open Sets in Topological Spaces N. Kalaivani Department of Mathematics VelTech HighTec Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Quadratic Expressions

Quadratic Expressions Quadratic Expressions. The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c R and a 0. The roots of ax + bx + c = 0 are b ± b a 4ac. 3. For the equation ax +bx+c = 0, sum of the roots

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Second Order RLC Filters

Second Order RLC Filters ECEN 60 Circuits/Electronics Spring 007-0-07 P. Mathys Second Order RLC Filters RLC Lowpass Filter A passive RLC lowpass filter (LPF) circuit is shown in the following schematic. R L C v O (t) Using phasor

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Strain gauge and rosettes

Strain gauge and rosettes Strain gauge and rosettes Introduction A strain gauge is a device which is used to measure strain (deformation) on an object subjected to forces. Strain can be measured using various types of devices classified

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

3.4 SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAS. NOTE: cos(α+β) cos α + cos β cos(α-β) cos α -cos β

3.4 SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAS. NOTE: cos(α+β) cos α + cos β cos(α-β) cos α -cos β 3.4 SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAS Page Theorem cos(αβ cos α cos β -sin α cos(α-β cos α cos β sin α NOTE: cos(αβ cos α cos β cos(α-β cos α -cos β Proof of cos(α-β cos α cos β sin α Let s use a unit circle

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Homework 3 Solutions

Homework 3 Solutions Homework 3 Solutions Igor Yanovsky (Math 151A TA) Problem 1: Compute the absolute error and relative error in approximations of p by p. (Use calculator!) a) p π, p 22/7; b) p π, p 3.141. Solution: For

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

CHAPTER 25 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS

CHAPTER 25 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS CHAPTER 5 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS EXERCISE 104 Page 8 1. Find the positive root of the equation x + 3x 5 = 0, correct to 3 significant figures, using the method of bisection. Let f(x) =

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Parametrized Surfaces

Parametrized Surfaces Parametrized Surfaces Recall from our unit on vector-valued functions at the beginning of the semester that an R 3 -valued function c(t) in one parameter is a mapping of the form c : I R 3 where I is some

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Lecture 13 - Root Space Decomposition II

Lecture 13 - Root Space Decomposition II Lecture 13 - Root Space Decomposition II October 18, 2012 1 Review First let us recall the situation. Let g be a simple algebra, with maximal toral subalgebra h (which we are calling a CSA, or Cartan Subalgebra).

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SOLVING CUBICS AND QUARTICS BY RADICALS

SOLVING CUBICS AND QUARTICS BY RADICALS SOLVING CUBICS AND QUARTICS BY RADICALS The purpose of this handout is to record the classical formulas expressing the roots of degree three and degree four polynomials in terms of radicals. We begin with

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

On Numerical Radius of Some Matrices

On Numerical Radius of Some Matrices International Journal of Mathematical Analysis Vol., 08, no., 9-8 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com https://doi.org/0.988/ijma.08.75 On Numerical Radius of Some Matrices Shyamasree Ghosh Dastidar Department

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

New bounds for spherical two-distance sets and equiangular lines

New bounds for spherical two-distance sets and equiangular lines New bounds for spherical two-distance sets and equiangular lines Michigan State University Oct 8-31, 016 Anhui University Definition If X = {x 1, x,, x N } S n 1 (unit sphere in R n ) and x i, x j = a

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Partial Differential Equations in Biology The boundary element method. March 26, 2013

Partial Differential Equations in Biology The boundary element method. March 26, 2013 The boundary element method March 26, 203 Introduction and notation The problem: u = f in D R d u = ϕ in Γ D u n = g on Γ N, where D = Γ D Γ N, Γ D Γ N = (possibly, Γ D = [Neumann problem] or Γ N = [Dirichlet

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SINGULAR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR SINGULAR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 28(28), No. 146, pp. 1 9. ISSN: 172-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu (login: ftp) EXISTENCE

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Chapter 3: Ordinal Numbers

Chapter 3: Ordinal Numbers Chapter 3: Ordinal Numbers There are two kinds of number.. Ordinal numbers (0th), st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,..., ω, ω +,... ω2, ω2+,... ω 2... answers to the question What position is... in a sequence? What

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

A NEW SUZUKI TYPE COMMON COUPLED FIXED POINT RESULT FOR FOUR MAPS IN S b -METRIC SPACES

A NEW SUZUKI TYPE COMMON COUPLED FIXED POINT RESULT FOR FOUR MAPS IN S b -METRIC SPACES JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL VIRTUAL INSTITUTE ISSN (p) 2303-4866 ISSN (o) 2303-4947 wwwimviblorg /JOURNALS / JOURNAL Vol 8(208) 03-9 DOI: 0725/JIMVI8003R Former BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF MATHEMATICIANS

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

ΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ CYPRUS COMPUTER SOCIETY ΠΑΓΚΥΠΡΙΟΣ ΜΑΘΗΤΙΚΟΣ ΔΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ 19/5/2007

ΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ CYPRUS COMPUTER SOCIETY ΠΑΓΚΥΠΡΙΟΣ ΜΑΘΗΤΙΚΟΣ ΔΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ 19/5/2007 Οδηγίες: Να απαντηθούν όλες οι ερωτήσεις. Αν κάπου κάνετε κάποιες υποθέσεις να αναφερθούν στη σχετική ερώτηση. Όλα τα αρχεία που αναφέρονται στα προβλήματα βρίσκονται στον ίδιο φάκελο με το εκτελέσιμο

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

w o = R 1 p. (1) R = p =. = 1

w o = R 1 p. (1) R = p =. = 1 Πανεπιστήµιο Κρήτης - Τµήµα Επιστήµης Υπολογιστών ΗΥ-570: Στατιστική Επεξεργασία Σήµατος 205 ιδάσκων : Α. Μουχτάρης Τριτη Σειρά Ασκήσεων Λύσεις Ασκηση 3. 5.2 (a) From the Wiener-Hopf equation we have:

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Solutions to Exercise Sheet 5

Solutions to Exercise Sheet 5 Solutions to Eercise Sheet 5 jacques@ucsd.edu. Let X and Y be random variables with joint pdf f(, y) = 3y( + y) where and y. Determine each of the following probabilities. Solutions. a. P (X ). b. P (X

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Heisenberg Uniqueness pairs

Heisenberg Uniqueness pairs Heisenberg Uniqueness pairs Philippe Jaming Bordeaux Fourier Workshop 2013, Renyi Institute Joint work with K. Kellay Heisenberg Uniqueness Pairs µ : finite measure on R 2 µ(x, y) = R 2 e i(sx+ty) dµ(s,

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Abstract Storage Devices

Abstract Storage Devices Abstract Storage Devices Robert König Ueli Maurer Stefano Tessaro SOFSEM 2009 January 27, 2009 Outline 1. Motivation: Storage Devices 2. Abstract Storage Devices (ASD s) 3. Reducibility 4. Factoring ASD

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

Solution Series 9. i=1 x i and i=1 x i.

Solution Series 9. i=1 x i and i=1 x i. Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Mete SONER Coordinator: Yilin WANG Solution Series 9 Q1. Let α, β >, the p.d.f. of a beta distribution with parameters α and β is { Γ(α+β) Γ(α)Γ(β) f(x α, β) xα 1 (1 x) β 1 for < x

Διαβάστε περισσότερα

SOLUTIONS TO MATH38181 EXTREME VALUES AND FINANCIAL RISK EXAM

SOLUTIONS TO MATH38181 EXTREME VALUES AND FINANCIAL RISK EXAM SOLUTIONS TO MATH38181 EXTREME VALUES AND FINANCIAL RISK EXAM Solutions to Question 1 a) The cumulative distribution function of T conditional on N n is Pr T t N n) Pr max X 1,..., X N ) t N n) Pr max

Διαβάστε περισσότερα