55 5 2000 9 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 55, N o. 5 Sep., 2000 : 037525444 (2000) 0520607210 1998 1, 1, 2, 1 (11, 730000; 21, 730000) : M. W ackernagel 1996, ( ), ( ),,, 1998, 1998 01564 hm 2 : ; ; ; : P967 : A,, [1 ] GN P,, 20 80 [2, 3 ] 1987, 1990 5 (HD I) ; 1992,,, ( GD P) ( ISEW ) [3, 4 ], [5 7 ],,,, : 2000203221; : 2000205214 : (N o. 49731030) 1998 21 [ Foundation Item: N ational N atural Science Key Foundation of Ch ina, N o. 49731030; CA S s Personnel T rainning P ro ject of W estern Ch ina: Eco2 environm ent Construction and Sustainable D evelopm ent Research of Gansu P rovince in 21st Century ] : (19732 ),,,, E2m ail: xzm in@ns1lzb1ac1cn
608 55 1987 (W CED ),,,,,, [2, 3 ], V itou sek 1986 [8 ],,,, [9 ] 1 111,,,? W ackernagel (1996) [3, 10 ] (eco logical foo tp rin t), : ; (b io logically p roductive area), ( ) ( ) [3 ] : E F = N ef = N (aa i ) = N (cigp i ) (121) i ; p i i ; ci i ; aa i i ; N ; ef ; E F,,, 112, 6 [10, 11 ] : (1) : CO 2,,
5 : 1998 609,,, CO 2, CO 2, CO 2, CO 2 CO 2, CO 2,,, CO 2 (2) :,, 1315 10 8 hm 2 1 000 10 4 hm 2, 0125 hm 2 (3) : 51 10 8 hm 2, 019 hm 2 17 10 8 hm 2 10%,, (4) : 3315 10 8 hm 2 ( 0155 hm 2 ), 10% ( 5) :, 0106 hm 2, (6) : 366 10 8 hm 2, 6 hm 2 813% ( 015 hm 2 ) 95% 113 W ackernagel [10, 11 ] 52 1993,,, 7 hm 2 1 hm 2 (717 hm 2 ), 916 hm 2, 119 hm 2 ;, 30%, 1013 hm 2, 617 hm 2, 316 hm 2 ; 412 hm 2, 113 hm 2, 219 hm 2 ; 519 hm 2, 710 hm 2, 111 hm 2, W ackernagel, 1993 1112 hm 2, 018 hm 2, 014 hm 2 [5, 6 ]
610 55, 1993 218 hm 2, 211 hm 2, 017 hm 2, 52 35, 12 52 35% 1997 581924 8,, 213 hm 2, (W CED ), 12% 3 000, 2 hm 2, 018 hm 2 2 hm 2 1997 (bo ttom 2line) (eco logical benchm ark) [11 ], 30%,,, 21998, 1998 1 1998 : ( ) ; ;, 11998 Tab11 The biolog ically productive area of Gan su prov ince in 1998 g10 4 hm 2 g% ghm 2 348189 7168 01138 425169 9137 01169 1 663195 36162 01661 109162 2144 01044 1993 [10, 11 ] ( ), 1998 ( 2) [11 ] : E F i = P i + I i - E i Y average (221) E F i i ; P i i ; I i E i i ; Y averagei : [10, 11 ], [12 ] ( 3),,,,,, :
5 : 1998 611 2 Tab12 The ecolog ical footpr in t ledger of the biotic resources in Gan su prov ince g(kgghm 2 ) gt ghm 2 g(hm 2 g ) 2 744 8 719 500 3 177 6601350 0 01126 129 2 2 744 7 294 200 2 658 2361152 0 01105 511 9 2 744 58 100 21 1731469 4 01000 840 4 2 744 4 152 500 1 513 3011749 0 01060 066 7 2 744 2 486 000 905 9761676 4 01035 960 4 1 856 532 400 286 8531448 3 01011 385 9 12 607 892 900 70 8251731 7 01002 8112 5 1 856 454 700 244 9891224 1 01009 724 2 1 856 215 700 116 2171672 4 01004 613 0 1 000 61 000 61 0001000 0 01002 421 2 1 500 3 000 2 0001000 0 01000 079 4 18 000 1 309 500 72 7501000 0 01002 887 6 1 548 22 500 14 5341883 7 01000 576 9 1 548 18 700 12 0801103 4 01000 479 5 18 000 4 370 200 242 7881888 9 01009 636 9 18 000 1 131 700 62 8721222 2 01002 495 6 74 379 900 5 133 7831784 0 01203 772 5 33 68 900 2 087 8781788 0 01082 873 1 33 67 600 2 048 4841848 0 01081 309 4 502 140 700 280 2781884 5 01011 125 0 15 15 413139 1 027 5591333 0 01040 786 4 15 1 365196 91 0641000 0 01003 614 6 15 347192 23 1941666 7 01000 920 7 400 94 900 237 2501000 0 01009 417 0 29 11 451 394 8621069 0 01015 673 0 1 600 43917 2741812 5 01000 010 9 3 000 18 423113 6 1411043 3 01000 243 8 3 000 556135 1851450 0 01000 007 4 945 5 819198 6 1581709 0 01000 244 5 3 000 326174 1081913 3 01000 004 3 3 500 670 039119 191 4391768 6 01007 598 7 3 500 238 236194 68 0671697 1 01002 701 8 3 500 13 782107 3 9371734 3 01000 156 3 3 500 17 206169 4 9161197 1 01000 195 1 3 500 11 062144 3 1601697 1 01000 125 5 3 500 104 753167 29 9291620 0 01001 188 0 1199 Ξ 10 550 Ξ Ξ 5 3011507 5 01000 210 4 Ξ m 3 ghm 2 Ξ Ξ m 3
612 55 3 Tab13 The ecolog ical footpr in ts ledger of energy g(gjghm 2 ) g(gjgt) gt g(gjg ) g(hm 2 g ) 55 201934 22 453 400100 181657 024 01339 218 63 55 281470 1 445 700100 11633 705 01029 703 73 93 181003 3174 01000 003 01000 000 03 93 161329 2199 01000 002 01000 000 02 93 411868 8 039 500100 131360 395 01143 660 16 93 431124 703 200100 11203 666 01012 942 64 93 431124 39 900100 01068 297 01000 734 37 93 421705 697 300100 11181 969 01012 709 35 71 501200 690 200100 11375 266 01019 369 94 71 501200 100 100100 01199 455 01002 809 23 71 461055 210 900100 01385 533 01005 430 04 93 381978 214 000100 01331 089 01003 560 10 1 000 291344 985 440150 11147 777 01001 147 78 1 000 111840 25 959 000100 Ξ 121199 694 01012 199 69 Ξ kw h, GJ, [ 10 ] N i = M i H i G i W i (222) N i i ; W i i ; H i G i ; M i [13 ], ( 4), [ 14 ] 4 ( : hm 2 g ) Tab14 The ecolog ical footpr in ts ledger of trade balance (+ ) (- ) 01000 05 01001 67 01000 00 01000 77 01000 19 01003 32 01001 26 01002 59 3 5 1998, ( ),, ( ),, 1149, 1149 ( [ 10 ] ), 12%
5 : 1998 613 61998 Tab16 Ecolog ical footpr in t summary of Gan su prov ince in 1998 g(hm 2 g ) g(hm 2 g ) ( ) g(hm 2 g ) g(hm 2 g ) 01374 218 11047 01138 1149 01206 01012 015 01006 01660 2119 11446 01431 111 01474 01169 0180 01135 01569 111 01626 CO 2 01000 0100 01000 01013 218 01037 Ξ 01040 1149 01060 21190 11848 (12% ) 01222 11626 Ξ,,, 1998 21190 hm 2, 11626 hm 2, 01564 hm 2 1998,,,,, :,, ;,,, ;,,,,, [15 ] ;, ( ), 01564 hm 2,,?, 3 :, ;, ; [11 ]
614 55 4 411, 1998, [16 ], [17, 18 ] :, ;,, [3 ], :,,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,, ( ) CO 2, CH 4 412,,,,,, (1) [18 ], ( ), (2) [19 ],
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616 55 The Calculation and Analysis of Ecolog ical Footpr in ts of Gan su Prov ince XU Zhong2m in 1, ZHAN G Zh i2qiang 1, 2, CH EN G Guo2dong 1 (11S tate K ey L aboratory of F roz en S oil E ng ineering, CA R E ER I, CA S, L anz hou 730000, Ch ina; 21S cientif ic Inf orm ation Center f or R esou rces and E nv ironm ent, CA S, L anz hou 730000, Ch ina) Abstract: Becau se hum an s con sum e the p roducts and services of natu re, every one of u s has an impact on the earth. Does the hum an load stay w ith in global carrying capacity? T he eco logical foo tp rin t concep t has been designed to an sw er th is question and estim ate m an s impact on natu re. T he eco logical foo tp rin t of any defined population ( from a single individual to a w ho le city o r coun try) is the to tal area of eco logically p roductive land and w ater occup ied exclu sively to p roduce all the resou rces con sum ed and to assim ilate all the w astes generated by population. T he eco logical foo tp rin t m ethod p resen ts a simp le fram ew o rk fo r national natu ral cap ital accoun ting. T he concep t of eco logical foo tp rin t and its calcu lation m ethod is in troduced in th is p ap er. T he p ap er a lso ana lyses the advan tages and d isadvan tages of the eco log ica l foo tp rin t model, and addresses the types of eco logically p roductive lands. T he article calcu lates and analyses the eco logical foo tp rin t of Gan su p rovince in 1998. T he eco logical foo tp rin t ledger is com po sed of th ree m a in sect ion. T he first ledger is ba sic b io t ic resou rces con sump tion including its byp roducts, the second is energy con sump tion, the th ird is t rade ba lance. T rade ba lance th rough m o re deta iled t rade flow ana lyses can m itigate the influence of impo rt and expo rt p roduct on con sump tion variation s. Based on the eco logical foo tp rin t concep t and analysis fram ew o rk, hum an con sump tion can be compared w ith regional2level natu ral cap ital p roduction u sing ex isting data. In the case of Gan su p rovince, the eco logical deficit of Gan su is 01564 2 hm 2 per cap ita. Simp lification of calcu lation m ethodo logy to certain ex ten t resu lts in over2op tim istic estim ates. F inally, the eco logical foo tp rin t model s advan tages and disadvan tages are iden tified. Eco logical foo tp rin t index is an excellen t aggregate index that connects m any issues of su stainab ility, developm en t and equ ity. T he model can reveal the ex ten t to w h ich local carrying capacity has been exceeded and allow s a cum u lative app roach to impact analysiṡ T he u se of eco logical p roductive area as a num eraire, rather than money o r energy, m akes the foo tp rin ts easy to be understood, and also perm its p rovocative calcu lation s. T he lim itation s of the model is that it doesn t include several impo rtan t issues, w h ich are even directly related to land u se: land areas lo st to b io logical p roductivity lo ss of land becau se of con tam ination, ero sion and u rban harden ing and dissertation (especially in no rth2 w estern Ch ina). M ethodo logically, the assessm en ts cou ld be mo re comp lete by including the eco logical spaces u sed fo r freshw ater u se, a particu lar impo rtan t issue in arid area of no rth2w estern Ch ina. Key words: eco logical foo tp rin t; m easu ring su stainabab le developm en t; eco logical p roductive area; Gan su p rovince