stija: TP0T10l 6laxeipL0l1~ Tl1~ ~~T11011~ TWV JleTa<popwv.

npo ~p io: N. MeKpac;, 1\. KOUVTOUpac;, 11. lvuaaoc;. npiu:lspoc; ('+'umoc;): 0 K. nanaotwlltpiou exe:t TO 'AOVO. stija: TP0T10l 6laxeipL0l1~ Tl1~ T11011~ TWV JleTa<popwv. EIOTlyrrn;c;: I. nana~ruli'jtpiou, ~p auykolvwvloaoyoc;, rim. Eivat ava~cpla/3titllto Ott 0 To~tae; TWV ~ETacpopwv nai~ei eva OT]~aVTtKO POAO OTIlV OlKOVO~lKti Kat KOI~ VWVlKli ~wli TWV auyxpovwv noaewv. ea npenei Et;apxlie; va OlEuKplviaou~E on ~E TOV opo «~ETacpopte;» evvoou~e Til opaott]ptotllta ekeivll nou akonoe; Tile; eivalll OlaKivllOT] npoawnwv Kat avaswv and TOV TOno npoeheuolie; TOUe; atov Tono npoopla~ou ~e Til XPllOl~OnoillOT] TOU mo npoacpopou ~ETacpoplKoU ~eaou. H otakivllot] autri ~nopei va vivetat eite Vla h6 voue; OlKOVO~lKlie; ri npoawmkrie; CPUOT]C;, EiTe Vta h6 voue; nepattepw enet;epvaaiae;, auakeuaaiae; ri KaTav6AwOT]e; oaov acpopa OTa npav~ata. 'ETOl, holnov, Ot ~etacpopte; npoacpepouv unllpeaiee; nom OT]~aVTlKte; Vla KQ8e neptoxri, ~la Kal au~/3aahouv Toao atll auvoeot] napavwvrie; Kat KaTav6AWOT]e;, 000 Kat OTT]V tkavonoillot] 6AhWV npoawmkwv li OlKOVO~lKWV avavkwv. KtVllTtKOTllTa, e~nopto, avamut;l1 Et;apTwVTat a~eaa ana Tll heltoupvia TWV auotil~atwv ~etacpopwv. nap' OAa auto., o~we;, 11 avamut;1l TWV auyxpovwv au OTT]~aTWV ~ETacpopwv auvooeuetat Kal ~e ~la aetpa a no apvlltlkte; emmwaete;. Ol apvllttktc; autte; emmwaele; elvat lolaitepa e~cpaveie; OTOV aotlko xwpo, 0 nou 11 evtunwolakri aut;ilot] TIle; lolwttkrie; xpriot]e; au~ TOKlV1lTWV KaTa TIe; TeheuTaiee; oekaetiee; npoaecpepe ~evahutepll aveot] KiVllOT]e; ae nomoue;, oorivllae 0 ~we; ae KUKAocpoplaK1l au~cpopllot], at~oacpatplkri punavotj, Sopu/3o, anwhela eheusepwv XwpWV untp TWV XwpWV OTaS~eUOTJe;, K.hn. Iu~cpwva ~e Ta OTolxeia TOU VnEXQll.E (ll.teu9uvotj EAPe - nepna) 11 au~/3ohri TWV ~etacpopwv OTll punavotj TIle; ASrivae; eival Ka90plOTtKri, onwe; napati Setat OTOV napakatw nivaka. Ano TOV nivaka npokumel OTl Ta oxri~ata eusuvovtal nllytc: punavoilc: Punol AUTOKiVI1TO K VTP1KfJ BlolJl1xavia Oi:PlJaval1 % % % Konvoc; 64 17 19 IWIlOtiolO 1 99 Lllo~eiolO 8eiou 8 21 71 O~g[OlO O~WtOU 67 5 28 Movo~eiolo QV8pOKO 100 YOPoyoVQV8pOKec; 68 32

.~.------. 46 TeXVIKa XpOVIKa 10uAloe;-AUyoUO"Toe; '95 ---- Yla TO 100% TWV eknojlnwv CO, Ka8we; Kat Yla TO JlO Au13150, nou XPIlOlJlonoleiTat ana TO 13ev~lvoKivIlTa We; 13eATlwTlKo Tile; l3ev~ivlle;. Eniolle;. TO 13ev~lvoKivIlTO 0 XTlJlaTO eu8uvovtal yla TO JleyaAUTepo JlepOe; TWV eknojlnwv Jlovo~el15iou TOU ov8paka, Ka8we; Kal yla Jleyol.o JlepOe; TWV o~el15iwv TOU a~wtou. 'ETOl, TO lotop1ko npo13ailjla TWV lletoqlopwv TOU «nwe; va nojle ana eva OI1Jleio oe Konolo 01.1.0» exel JleTe ~ealx8ei OTO ouyxpovo npo13ailjla TWV JleTOqlOpwv TOU «nwe; va najle ana eva OIlJleio oe Kanolo aaao, em13apuvovtoe; AlyoTepo TO nepl13oaaov». H elo~yiloil aut~ 8a aoxoatl8ei anokaelo"tlko JlOVO Jle TO npo13anllata nou 15TlJlloupyouv 01 JleTaqlopee; O"TOV aotlko Xwpo Kat 8a eotlooel TTl VnpOOOXtl TTle; oe Jle Tpa noaltlk~e; Kat evepyelee;, nou Jlnopouv va exouv 13paxunpo8eoJla Kal Jleoonp08eolla anotemojlata. r------------- Oplo8ET'lOq TOU npoparlfjatoc; a) To KUKAoql0plaKO Kal KaT' enektaotl TO nepl13aaao VTlKO npo13atljla 15ev eival npo13atljla po~e; OXllJlaTWV, aaao eival npo13atljla potle; av8pwnwv. EivQI Ol ov 8pwnol 01 onoiol JlnaKlvoUVTat Yla va eknatlpwoouv Kanola KOIVWVIKtl TOUe; avayktj, eivat 01 av8pwnol 01 0 noiol emmyouv nolo JleTaqlOplKO JleOO 8a XPTlOlIlOnOl~oouV Yla va npayjlatonoltl00uv TTl JleTaKivTlatl TOUe;, Kal eivat 01 ov8pwnol yla TOUe; onoioue; KaAehat TO OUOTTlJla JleTaql0pwv va npooqlepel OwmTJ, OVeTTl, aoqlaatl Kal YP~YOPTl e~untlpettlol1. av8pwnoe; 1.01 nov eivat 0 Ka80plO"TIKOe; napayovtae; TOU JleTaqlopl KOU OUO"TtlJlaTOe;. Emnpo08na, 01 onoleo15~note OU YKpioele; oxetlka Jle TT') punavoi1 nou npokaaouv TO 0 xrijlata npenel va yivetoi Jle 13aOTl TOV apl8jlo TWV Jle TaqlepOJlevwv em13atwv. na TTlV A8~va 01 eknojlnee; punwv avo em13attl exouv we; napakotw: I EKTIopntc; ava tjttacptpotjtvo tmpatr] 0-----------.-.-------.------.---------------------------1 KOTllyopia CO HC NOx (Kanva.:;) Oxru.cro.:; (glkm) (g/km) (glkm) IWIJori51a (g/km) 8ev~IVOKiv'lTQ 30.7 2.7 1.0 0 8iKuKAa 15.3 2.4 0.3 0 Ta~i a.lpg 8.8 2.7 1.4 0 ~. Diesel 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.2 AOTlKQ KOI TOUPIOTIKO 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.1 Aewq>ope[a i Ano TOV napanavw nivaka oaqlwe; npokumel em 0 e m13att')e; nou XPTlOlJlonOlei I.X. em13apuvel TTlV atjlo Oqlatpa Jle nom JleyaMTepTl nooottlta punwv (Jle e ~aipeotl TOV Kanvo) an' OTl XPTJOlJlonolwvTOC; Ta Meoa Ma~IKtle; MeTOqlOpOe; (MMM). 13) 01 evepyelee; nou anatlouvtat Yla TTl 15leuKoAUVOTl TT')e; potle; TWV av8pwnwv npenel unoxpewtlka va ou JlnepIAall13ovouv oaee; TIe; napajlhpoue; nou exouv OXeOT') Jle TTl 15la15IKaoia auttl. Ananehat, Aomov, owmji npo13ae41tj TWV avaykwv yla JleTaKivTloTl, OWO"TJi npo13ae41tl TOU Tonou, XPOVOU Kat OUXVOTT')TOe; TWV Jle TaKlvtioewv, TTle; emaoyjie; TOU JleOOU Kat TT')e; 15la15po Jltle; nou 8a akoaou8tl8ei. y) H avtljletwmol1 TWV apvt')tlkwv emmwoewv TWV Jle TaqlOpWV 15ev emtuyxovetoi 1l0VOV Ile TT') An41TJ TexvI KJie; qluoi1e; Jlhpwv, onwe; npo15laypaqlee; opiwv ekno Ilnwv, aaaa Kat Jle ilia oelpo oaaa JleTpa nou anookonouv OTTl Jle[woTl TWV KUKAoql0plaKwv OUJlqlopJioewv Kat TWV emmwoewv TTle; KUKAOqlopiae; OTO nepl13aa AOV. (5) Avayvwpil;oVTOe; TO noauouv8eto Kat TTlV noaunaokottlta TOU OAOU 8eJlaTOe; eivat npoqlavee; OTl Tl An41T') anoqlaoewv npenel va yivetat ana eva evlaio KevTpo apjlo15lo Yla TOV npoypajlllatiojlo Kal OUVTO VIOJlO OAWV TWV evepyelwv nou O"TOXeUOUv OTT') JleYI- OTOnOltWTl TT')e; ano150tlkottltae; TOU OAOU OUOT~Jla TOe;. To ouo"tt')jla lletaqlopwv neplaajl13avel Ta Jleoa JleTOqlOpae; (I.X., Ta~[, MMM, 15iKuKAa), TOUe; ne~oue;, TTl OTo8JleuOTl, TTlV TlIlOAOYlaK~ noaltlkti. Kat ev yevel aqlopa OAee; TIe; evepyelee; nou ouv15eovtat Jle TTlV a VTIJleTWmOl1 TOU KUKAOqloplaKOU npo13atljlatoe;. H Em TpOntl TWV Eupwna'iKwv KOIVOT~TWV O"TO npoolvo 81 13Aio Yla TO AO"TIKO nepl13aaaov Tovi~el OTI «ivac; avaoraankoc; napayovrac; yla Jila anotsasojiankr] nepl {3allAovTlKr] 15IaXelPI at'} as oxtot'} Jie TO OUVTOVIOJiO TWV enev15uoswv. TT'}V avatttugt'} Kal TT'} 1Ir]«/JT'} anocpaoswv sival T'} taliel«/jt'} evoc; f)eojiikou nllalolou ouvepyaolac; Kal OUVTOVIOJiOU TWV 151acpopwv cpopiwv. 01 ouvenslsc; aurou TOU YSYOVClTOC; yivovral mo su KoAa QVTlllT'}TTTtC; mo oxe151aojio TWV 15T'}JiOOlWV Jisracpopwv». e) H A~41TJ TWV onolwv15jinote JleTpwV 15ev eivat15uva TO va 8ewPTJ8ei we; emtuxtic;, av 15ev unopxel ouvextie; napakoaou8tlotl eqlapjloyi}c; louc; Kat15ev y[vetat ou YKPIOTJ TWV anoteaeojlotwv Jle Ta apxiko npooi5okw Jleva, WOTe va a~loaoytl80uv Kal va ATlql80uv OlOP 8WTlKa JleTpa. npayjlanko onc; QUO TeAwTO[ee; i5ekaetie<; exouv yivel OI1JlaVTIKec; aaaayec; O"TTlv noaltlkti Kat TOUe; O"TO XOue; TWV aotlkwv JleTaqlOpWV oe oaee; TIC; lleyaae<;

10UAIO<;-AUyouOTo<; '95 TexvlKa XpovlKa 47 noael<; TWV ovomuyj.levwv xwpwv. EKei nou Kanon: 01 npoonabele<; o<popouoov KOTa j.lei ~ovo Myo OTnV IKovonoinan Tn<; npoj3aenoj.levn<; ~n Tnan<; YIO TO LX. OUTOKivnTO, 01 <popei<; orillepo exouv evteivel TnV npoooxn TOU<; oe Bej.lOTO onw<; n j.leiwon TWV OpVnTlKWV entntwoewv TWV lleto<popwv OTO ne Plj3oAAOV. 01 evepyele<; nou AOj.lj3ovovTOI, ouxva TPOnonolouv n j.leiwvouv TO poli.o TOU I.X. OUTOKIVnTOU KOI yevlko TO 011.0 nveuj.lo nou emkpotei eivol auto tn<; onoisotikotepn<; xpnan<; tn<; unopxouoo<; unoisoj.ln<; j.leow TOU Transportation System Management. H evvoia OUTn, "Transportation System Management" (TSM) n luoxelplan LUOTnj.lOTO<; MeTo<popwV, npwto Xpnmj.lonolnBI1Ke ono TO Ynoupyelo MeToq>opwV TWV HnA TO 1975 KOI anj.loivel «TO OUVTOVIOj.lO TWV I.X. OU TOKIVnTWV, TWV isl1j.loolwv j.leowv j.lo~tkn<; l-ieto<popa<;, TWV Tof;i, TWV ne~wv KOI istkukawv istoj.lop<pwvovto<; TO BeOj.lIKO naoiolo, Til AelToupYIKn noaitikn KOI Tllv noaltlkn ef;u"llpetl1an<;, etm wote va emteuxbouv 11 j.leyioti1 isuvotn OnOiSOTlKOTnTO Kat nopoywyikcltl1to TOU OAOU OUOTnI-lOTO<;». To epyall.eio TOU TSM nepl AOj.lj3ovouv j.leboisou<; KUKAO<pOpIOKn<; TeXVtKn<;, npo TepOIOtnTO<; xpnan<; oiswv, isloxeip1an<; TWV xwpwv OToBj.leuan<;, j3eatlwoel<; OTI<; ootike<; OUYKolvwvie<;, OI-lOiSlKn Xpnol1liSlWTIKWV OUTOKIVnTWV, oaaoye<; OTO wpaplo epyooio<;, TlI-I0AOYIOKO Kivl1TPO KOI ovtlkivil TpO. 01 oisnyie<; TOU Ynoupyeiou METO<p0PWV TWV HnA 0 vt<pepov Enian<; OTI «0 taeyxo<; TI1<; KUKAO<pOpIOKn<; pon<;, I1 entppon TOU <poptou, KOTeu9uvol1<; KOI I-liyj.lOTO<; TI1<; KUKAo<popio<;, KOI I1 nopoxwpl1011 npote POlOTI1TO<; OTO Aew<popeio KalaTa j.leyoai1<; XWPI1TI KOTnTO<; OXnj.laTO eivoi 11 nmov OnOiSOTlKn cstol-ln I-Ie TPWV Yla Tn j3eatlwan TIl<; anoisotikotilta<; KOI nopa YWYIKOTI1TO<; TOOO TOU OUOTnj.laTo<; aotlkwv OUYKOI VWVIWV, 000 Kal TOU OUVOAIKOU OUOTfJj.lOTO<; OOTIKWV j.leta<popwv». To TSM OTllpl~eTal j3aolka OTl<; OKOAOUSE<; islomotwoel<;: a) H j300lkn unois0l-ln eivoi oxemv OAOKAI1PwlleVI1 KOI elval MOKOAI1I1 EneKToori TI1<; Ileoa OTI<; noael<;. AXAwOTe, 11 KOTooKeUn vewv ispoj.lwv Ylo va isleu KOAuvgel 11 Ouf;OVOlleVI1 KUKXo<poplo exel oe noa M<; neptntwoel<; TO ovtigeto onottaeoi-lo, isl1xoisn TI1V emj3pmuvon TIl<; KUKAo<poplo<; KOTa Til islopkeio TI1<; KaTOOKEUn<; TOU<;, evw TaUTOXPOVO ouf;ovetoi I1 punovan 'OTOV KonOTe oxokxi1pwbe[ TO epyo, OUVTOIlO I1 KUKXO<pOp[o OUf;OVETOl, YlO va isl1j.lioupynoel KOI Tl!lAI TO npoi1youilevo enlneiso OUIlq>OPl1an<;. (3) H emelqjl1 nopwv isuoxepoivel TI1V KOTOOKeUn vewvepywv. y) neptj3omovttkol Kat evepyetokol MyOl emj3oxaouv Til Ileiwan TWV j.letoktvnoewv nou ylvovtoi I-Ie TO LX. OUTOKivI1Ta. is) Auf;noel<; TOU KUKAO<pOPlOKOU <poptou npellel va ovttl-letwmobouv IlE auf;l1an TWV emj30twv TWV 0 Xl11-10TWV Kat 0Xl TWV oisl1ywv. LTO naoiolo outa j.lnopouj.le va KOTOTOf;ouj.lE TI<; e vepyele<; TOU TSM oe Teooepl<; j3oolke<; KOTnyopie<;. 1) Tl<; KOIYWVldc; EV PVEIEc; nou o<popouv Kupla oe TexvlKe<; nou TpononOlOUV TO XPOVO epyooio<; KOI OXETi~oVTal j.le TnV KoBltPWOI1 ouvexou<;, exooti KOU n KXlj.lOKWTOU wpoplou n OKOj.lO tn j.lelwan TWV nj.lepwv Epyooio<; j.le nopomi1xn ouf;l1an TWV wpwv epyoola<; YIO Tl<; unoaotne<; TlIlepe<; TIl<; ej3isoj.loiso<;. 2) Tt<; KOIVWVIKOOIKOVO~ldc; ~E96liouc; nou a<popouv KUPIO am xpnon OIKOVOj.lIKWV KIVnTpWV KOI OVTI KIVnTpWV YlO TnV omovn TWV XOpOKTnplOTIKWV ou Ilnepl<popo<; nou e"llpeo~ouv TOV Tpono j.letokivl1an<;. LTI<; evepyele<; oute<; EVTaooovToI n Tlj.lO AOYlOKn noaltlkn OAWV TWV I-Ieowv lleto<popo<;, n Tlj.lOAOYlaKn noaltlkn TIl<; ot08j.leuan<;, n noxlt1kn nou txel oxeon Ile Til <popomyl1an TI1V LX. auto KIVnTWV, Kal Ta KivnTpO a' OUTOU<; nou KOVOUV 0 1l0iS1Kr; xpr;an TOU LX. OUTOKIVr;TOU. LTI1V KOTnYOpia OUTn Ilnopei va nel Kovel<; Ott evtoooetoi KOI n ek nepltponr;<; KUKXO<popio TI1V I.X. OUTOKlVnTWV nou e<popj.lo~etol OTIlV noxil j.l0<;. TeTOIOl neploploj.loi, oj.lw<;, npenel va XPI101j.lOnOlnSOUV OWOTO, YlaTi oe ovtibetil llepimwon unopxel msovoti1ta isioykwan<; TOU npoj3arii-loto<;. LTIlV neplmwan TIl<; ASiJvo<;, OKOmj.l1l elvoi n islevtpyelo j.lemtn<; YlO Tl<; emntwoel<; TWV lleploplotlkwv j.letpwv OTIlV 0 yopo iseutepou OUTOKlVnTOU. 3) KOIVWVIKOTEXVIK C; ~E96liouc; nou exouv oxean j.le Tn I-Ielwan TWV OVOYKWV YlO l-ietok[vnan j.le TnV ouf;nlltvn xpnon TWV IlXeKTpOvlKWV j.leowv EntKOlvwvio<;. 4) TEXVIK&c; ~E96liouc; nou j300lko OTOXO exouv TnV ouf;i1oi1 Tile; OnOiSOTlKOTnTOe; Tile; unapxouooe; U noisollrie;. 01 Evepyelee; OTOV TOlleo auto neplaaj.lj3ovouv ouotril-lato npotepoloti1toe; Yla TO l-ieoo 1-I0~lKrie; l-ieto<popoe; Kal TeXVIKEe; YIO TI1V ouf;11011 Tile; KUKXO<pOptOKne; lkovotntoe; TWV KOllj3wv KOI TOU islktuou YEvlKoTepo. Ae; Ef;eToOOUj.le, XOtnOV, TO Sej.lOTO KoBe j.lioe; KOTIlYopioe; KOI oe; TovloSe[ OTI n OVo<popo OTle; noponovw I-Ie SoiSoue; isev anl-loivel ulobi:tl1ori TOUe; xwpie; va txel npoi1yilbei OAOKXnpWl-levll IlEA&T11 emmwoewv YIO KO BE I-lia npotelvol-levn evepyelo. KOIVWVIK C; j,li80liol 01 KOIVWVtKee; j.leboisol TOU ouvexoue;, EXOOTIKOU KOI KXlj.lOKWTOU wpoplou, KOSWe; KOI n l-ie[won Tile; EPYO TlKr;e; Ej3iSOl-loiSoe; onookonouv TO I-Iev Tp[O npwto OTI1V allj3xuvoi1 TWV OIXI-IWV, TO ise T&TOPTO OTI1j.le[Wan TWV j.letokivnoewv YEvlKoTepo. To l-ietpo TOU OUVExOUe; Kat exootlkou wpop[ou e<popi-iol;ovtol I-IEpIKWe; KOI OTnV noai1 I-Ioe; j.le oxetlkn emtuxia, ektlj.lotoloi-iwe; Ott neploootepl1 EnEf;epyooio TOU SeIlOTOe; and KoSe unnpeoio KOI epyomtn So EXEI EmnpooSeTa BenKa ono TeMoI-IOTo. KOIVWVIKOOIKOVOj,lIK C; 11 801501 LTOV TOl-leO TWV KOlVWVlKOOIKOVOl-IlKWV j.lesoiswv 130

48 TexvlKo XPOVlKO 10UAlo~-AUyouOTo~ '95 alko pol.o nal~el 11 ili-loaoylakit noaltlkr1 Toao nov IlEawv lletq(popo~ IX Kal OTlilOalwv auykolvwvlciw, 00'0 Kal TIl~ ataelleuoi1~. IxeTlKo Ile Til OTaelleuOI1 Ol npoanaeele~ nou ylvo VTal OToxeuouv OTllv anoeqppuvoi1 TIl~ llakpoxpovil~ OTaelleuOI1~, ollaaor1 TWV ooilywv nou q>tpvouv Ta au TOKivllTa atil oouaelo TOU~, Kalil evsoppuvall TIl~ I3paxuxpovll~ OTaelleuOl1~ Ile napomilail au~ilol1 TIl~ Tllln~ TOU parking, evw Ol au~nael~ OTllv wplala Tliln eivallleyaautepe~ Yla Tl~ llakpoxpove~ OTaSlleuael~. ll.tlaaon, Tl wplala Tliln KAlllaKwveTOl avoaoya Ile TI~ w pe~ OToelleuOl1~. ITTlV lola KaTeuSuvOI1 Klveital 11 noaltlkt] TTl~ KaTaaKeun~ xwpwv ataelleuoi1~ attlv neplq>tpela TIl~ Ke.vTplKn~ ~wvil~, onou Ilnopei va yivetal lleteml3il3aol1 npo~ TO KEVTPO Ile OXr1llaTa uljillm~ XWPIlTlKoTIlTa~. IllllavTlKo atolxeio OTIlV noaltlkt] TIl~ OToSlleuOl1~ a noteae!. eniatl~, 11 anoteaeallatlkr1 aotuvollsuoi1 TTl~ napovoilil~ OT6.9lleuOI1~. Ano TIlV eq>aplloyi} OIlW~ TWV OlaTo~ewv nou txouv OXtOl1 IlS TIlV napovoiltl OTaelleuOl1 npokumouv nomana6 oq>eatl, KaSw~ au~ove Tal Tl KUKAOq>oplaKn lkavotilta TWV oowv, TWV KOIl I3wv. Kal oleukoauvetol 11 ollaai] pon TWV 0XIlIlOTWV Kal lolaitepa TWV ll.1l1l0alwv Mtawv Ma~lKn~ MeTaq>opo~ (ll.mmm) au~ovovta~ Ile TOV Tpono auto TIlV a~lomatla TOU~. na TO Sella TIl~ OTaelleuOI1~ eni TIl~ ooou Sa npenel va e~eto~ovtal KOl Ol napoyovte~ nou SXOUV OXtOl1 Ile TTlV Tpoq>oooaia KaTaOTI11l0TWV. TTl aumoyr1 a nopplllllotwv, TUXOV sktakte~ epyaaie~, onw~ Tl auvttiptlall TOU ooootpwllato~ K.An. Ie O,Tl aq>opo TTlV TllloAoYlaKn noaltlkn TWV Msawv Ma~lKn~ MeTaq>opo~ (MMM) eival yeyovo~ OTlll ola Tr1PTlaTl evo~ xallllaou KOlliOTPOU txel w~ atoxo Til olati}ptlol1 TWV OI1lleplVwv eml3atwv Kal TIl~ npoata KUOI1~ VEWV.ll.uOTUXW~, OIlW~, TO IlETPO TIl~ /)latnpil 0I1~ TOU KOlliOTPOU ae xallllm enine/)a oev KaSlOTO ana IlOVO TOU avtaywvlotlka Ta MMM, 6nw~ anooel KvueTal Kal ano TIlv UljITlAn ~f1ttlol1 TOU Ta~i. eellata nou oxeti~ovtal Ile TTlV e~untlpttllol1 TWV eml3atwv, TIlV a~lomotia TWV opolloaoyiwv. Til ouvatottlta e ~ellpeall~ SEOI1~, TOU Xpovou /)la/)pollr1~, nai~ouv KUpiapxo pol.o OTT]v emaoyti TOU Ileaou. H eaaotlkottlta TTl~ ~r1ttlol1~ Yla Ta MMM ae OXSOl1lle TIlv nolotilta elval neplnou +0.4 KOl Yla Tl1V TlIlTi TOU elaltllpiou -0.3 nepinou. AUTO OI1llaivelOTlIlE au~ilol1 TIl~ nolotilta~ TWV napexollsvwv UnTlpeOlWV KaTa 10% r1 avtiatolxil Ileiwan TOU elalttlpiou Sa eixalle au~llall TTl~ eml3atlki)~ Klvllall~ TWV MMM KaTa 4% Kal 3% avtiotolxa Ile napaaailaa nepll3aaaovtlka 0 q>eail H /)olln TOU elalttlpiou TWV aotlkwv auykolvwviwv, 11 eukoala OTTl XPf1011 TOU, amo KOlIl unap~tl evo~ evlalou Tunou KOlliOTPOU e!vol enlol1~ OI1llaVTlKoi napo YOVTe~ OTTlV npowsl1011 TWV MMM. Ano Til akomo au Tn TO evlaio eloltr1plo KOl 11 KopTa aneploplotwv Ola /)POIlWV eival SeTlKO OTolxela OTO loxuov auotillla, TO avtiseto OIlW~ loxuel Ile Til IlTl aulll3atotllta TWV el OlTllplwv KaSw~ Kal TIlV KaTopYIlOl1 TIl~ KopTa~ aneploplotwv ola/)poilwv OTOV HIAn. H TlIlOAOYlaKr1 noaltikn aq>opo eniol1~ OTa Ta~l Kal Ta I.X. autoklvllta. na Ta Ta~i sival OXSTlKO eukoao~ 0 KaSoplallO~ Tl1~ emsuililtr1~ TlIlOAOYlaKn~ noaltlki)~, KaSw~ e!vol ouvatn 11 napslll3aol1 ae oaee; TIe; napa IlETPOU~ nou KaSopi~ouv Tl1V TeAIKr1 Tliln Illae; /)laopoili)~ ll.ilaa/)n TIlV Tllln ekklvllol1~ (OI1llaia), Til Xl AIOlleTpIKf1 ano~lllliwoi1. Tllv Tlllr1 TIl~ emxlottl~ /)la /)poilti~ Kal Tl1V TlIlf1 TIl~ wplaia~ avaljovti~. E~eTo~o VTa~ TIlV eniopaol1 TWV napanovw napallttpwv Kat l /)LQin:pa TIl~ ano~lllliwoi1~ nou aq>opo OTO Xpovo a vailovn~, eivat ouvatti Tl enin:u~tl TtTola~ TllJoAoYla Kn~ noaltlki)~ nou va eml3apuvel neplaaotepo Til XPf1 OIl TOU Ta~l KaTO Tt~ wpe~ alxlltie;. /)TlAaon Tl~ wpee; Ile TlllJeYaAUTepll neptl3amovtlkn Eml3opuvan. ITIlV neplmwan TWV Ta~i eivol ouvati} akoll1l neplaaotepo Tl nap&lll3aol1 TTle; noalteia~ Ile TOV KaSOptallO Kat Til Ile:iwan TWV a/)elwv Ta~i. /)TlAaof1 TTl~ npoaq>opo~. Kat TIlV avtlotolxtl au~ilol1 TOU aplsllou TWV MMM. MtSO/)Ol TllloMYl1all~ TWV IX autoktvr1twv ae au VOpTIlOl1lle TOV Tono Kal TO XPOVO KUKAoq>opiae; Ilno POliV eniol1e; va eq>apilootouv. H TllloMYTlOl1 TIl~ XPr1 0I1~ TIl~ OOOU elval tva IJtTPO nou 0PXlas va eq>apllo~etal Yla npwttl q>opa OTIl ItYKanOUPTl Kat TO XOYK KOYK, evw OTllv Eupwnll eq>apijo~stat OTO MtMvo Tl1~ ITaAia~ KOl OTllv Bergen TTl~ Nopl3llyiae;. IUYKeKplIlEva, auilq>wva Ile Til IltSooO nou akoaoustibtlke OTTl ItYKanoUPIl. Ta autokivllta nou ea r1seaav va elata Souv OTO KtVTPO TTl~ noane; lleta~u 7.30-10.15 TO npwl tnpene va elvat sq>ootaalltva Ile npoaasts~ a /)ete~. TWV onolwv 11 a~la lao/)uvaljouae Ile TO TeTpanMolo TTl~ a~ia~ TWV SlOlTIlPiwv TWV Aewq>ope!wv. Ta KUpta anot&r.eallata TOU Il&TPOU autou titav: Ile{wan TIl~ XPr1011~ TOU I.X. Ilelwan Tl1~ auilq>opilol1~ OTO KE VTPO Tl~ wpe~ atxilf1~. OTPOq>f1 TOU KOlVOU npo~ Ta Ae EmmwcJf:IC; ono lllv CPOPIJOY~ IJ BO~OU TIIJOAoYllollt; Tilt; O~OU OTIl IIYKonOUPIl npa Ei~oC; Cl»OPTOI Cl»OPTOI OX~J.laTOC; MOloC; Maloc; 1975 1976 7:00-7:30 I.X. 5384 5675 (+5.4%) LUVOAO 0XTII.UltWV 9800 10332 (+5.4%) 7:30-10:15 I.X. 42790 10754 (-74.9%) (nepiol)oc: emvxou) LUVOAO 0Xl1lJo:rwv 74014 37587 (-49.2%)

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50 TEXV1KO XPOV1KO IOUA10~-AuVOUOiO~ '95 LX. OUToKlvrrrou, K08w~ TO OVTlATJTlTO KOOiO~, ouvi) 8w~ TO XtA10j.lETP1KO KOOiO~ TOU KouoilJOU Eni TO is10 VUOj.lEVO XtA10IJETPO, Eivat auto nou onoteael TO j.le TpO OUVKP1OTJ~ Via TTJV EntAoyi) TOU IJETO<pOP1KOU j.leoou. ME TTJV TpononO[TJOTJ, Aomov, TWV <popoaov1kwv Eml3opuvoEWV nou o<popouv OiTJV KTi)OTJ TOU OUTOK1 VriTOU KOI TO KOUOlj.lO EivOI isuvotov KOI TO KPOTO~ va exsi TO i010 <P0POAOV1KO eoooo, oaho Kat va SmlPEO OEI OTJj.lOVT1KO TOV Tpono OUlJnspt<popOC; nou Ko80pi ~El TTJV sntaovi) TOU j.lsto<pop1kou j.leoou. ITTJV iolo KOTTJVopio EVTOOOOVTOI KOI TO j.lerpo ono VOPSUOTJ~ E10000U TWV OXlllJOTWV OE 0plOj.leVEC; «SUoi08TJTSC;" neploxe~. 01 onovopsuoeic; OUTe~ Ilnopei va 1300i~oVT01: O. 0i0 eiiso~ TOU OXi)IJOTOC; (n.x. <popttjvo, LX.) 13 OiTJV wpo TTJ~ TJllepOC; (n x. 1l0VO KOTO TTJ is10pks10 TTJ~ VUXTOC;) V. 0i0 eiooc; TT)C; IlETOKLVTJOTJC; (oleasuotj i) TEA1KOC; npo OP101l0~) H KOAwvio, TJ MnoMvlO, TO Windsor OiTJV AVVAio eivol noaslc; nou exouv s<popiloosi TeTolo lletpo. ITTJV [isla KOTTJVopio lletpwv SVTOOOETOl KOI TO IlETPO TTlC; nsl;oopoiltlotj~, opxi)c; vevollevtl~ IlS TOV nel;ol>poilo STROGET TTl~ KonEVXOVTJ~ 0i0 ljeoo TTl~ OSKOETioC; TOU '50. ITTlV KOTTlvopio TWV KOlVWVIKOOlKOVOlllKWV j.ls80iswv EVTOOOSTat, sniotj~. Tl npotootl VIa TTlV olloislki) xpi) OTJ TWV I.X. OUTOK1Vi)TWV. K08wC; 0 Ileooc; <POPTO~ SVOC; I.X. ElvOl nsplnou 1.2-1.5 ri nepinou 0i0 24% - 30% TIl~ lleto<popiki)c; TOU lkovottltoc;. OJ.lOiSlKi) xpi)otj (carpooling i) ridesharing) OVOIJ0l;ETOl Tl Ilt80iSoC; TT)C; OIlOOIKriC; xpi)otjc; svoc; LX. OUToK1Vi) TOU ouvn8w~ VlO IlETOK1Vi)OEIC; npoc; KOI ana TTlV spvoolo, ov8pwnwv nou exouv XPOVIKO KOl VEWVPO<plKO KOlVO OTJIlEio npoeasuotlc; - npooplollou. InC; HnA npow8eitoiono K01PO TO OUOiTlIlO TTlC; OIlOOIKi)C; - K01 vi)c; xpi)otj~ TWV OXTIIJOTWV (ridesharing) ana OTOIlO nou txouv K01VO npooplollo. H sv80ppuvotj TTlC; KOIvri~ outti~ xpi)otj~ ViVSTOI IJs lletpo onw~ KUKAO<pO PLoKi) npotepatottlto as OXrillOTo Ils Ul\lTlAO 1308110 nhtlpottltoc;, IlE npovoilio VLO OiQaIlEUOTl K.An. Vno AoVil;sToL OTt IlS iseoollevo OTI Oile; neploootspsc; xwpe~ TTl~ EupwnTJC; Kat B. AIJEpLKnC; Tl j.ltotj nhtlpottlto TWV OXTlIlOTWV SiVOI nspinou 1.5, TJ snltsu~tj TOU Ile VlOiOU 13081l0u nhtlpottltoe; TOU~ 80 IlEiwvs TIC; SKno Ilnee; Kouoospiwv KOTa 80%. AUTO 80 smtuvxovotov ana TTl lleiwotj TWV islovuollevwv 0XTlIlOTOXtAIOlleTpwv Kat TTlV KOTOKOPU<PTl lleiwotj TWV OUIl<POPi)oswv. AKO IlTl Kill OU~TJOTJ TTle; IlEOTJe; nhtlpottltoe; KOTa 0.1 80 IlSi WVS TI~ sknoj.lne~ KOTO 5% nspinou. To IlETPO auto, TO onoio issv txsi isokiil008si OiTl xwpo IJO~ Kat TO onoio Via va netuxsl. xpelo~stol KOAl1 Kat OPVOVWlleVTl SKOiPOTSio, IJnopsi va onotsaeoei TTlV opxi) TTl~ KOTOPVTJOTJe; TOU isoktualou KOI TTJ~ mo 0 noisotlki)e; xpi)otje; TOU I.X. OUTOKIVr;TOU KOI TTle; U<pl OiOIJEVTl~ unoooj.lr;e;. KOIVCIIVIKOT&XV1K&C; ~&eo601 01 nops~l3ooele; nou IJnopOUV va Vlvouv IlS TIe; KOIVW V1KOTEXVIKe~ IJE86i5oue; eivat iow~ 01 mo OTJIJOVTlKt~. VIOTI, OE ovti8eotj j.le Tl~ npotlvouijsve~ IlE86i5ou~ nou onaw~ IJsT08erouv TO XPOVO IlETOKivTlOTJe; i) EnTlPEO ~OUV TTlV smaoyr; TOU IJSTO<pOPIKOU ljeoou, 01 KOIVW VIKOTSXV1Kec; ll 9oiSol K08lOiOUV TTl IlsToKiVTlOTJ IlTl 0 voykoio, K08we; 0 okonoe; TIlC; IJSTOKivTloTJe; Ilnopei va smtsux8s[ OlO lleoou TOU TOXuopOlJsiou, TOU Tpons ~IKOU OUOir;IJOTOe;, TOU TTlAS<pWVOU. TOU telefax i) TOU npoowmkou unoaoylotr;. no TTlV A8r;vo. nou onoteaei KOI TO OlOIKTlTlKO KEVTPO Tile; Xwpoe;, TO ljeys80e; TWV nopeilf3ooewv Kat w<pe ASIWV OiOV TOlJeO OUTOV ElvOI nom IJSYOAO KOl Evoei KVUTat lis10itspo TOOO Oile; istliloolse; untlpsoiee;, 000 KOl OiOUe; opyovioiloue; KOlVne; w<peaeioe;. Elvat ne PITTO vo ovo<pep8w OiOV om:ploploto opi81j0 nepl TlTwoewv nou TJ npoowmkr; Eno<pr; K010VaYKTJ j.lstokivtlotje; IlnopEi vo OVTlKoToOi08ei Ile evo TTlAe<pwvTllJo r; smtoyi). T&xvldC; ~teo6ol Ie O,Tl o<popo Tie; TexvlKte; Ils86i5oue;. 01 OXST1Kte; npoono8elee; OiOV TOlleo OUTOV txouv oxtotl IlE TTlV EO VOIKi) lletoxsiplotj TWV OTlllooiwv IlEOWV 1l0~IKri~ 1lE: TO<pOpO~ OTTlV KUKAO<P0PIOKi) pon. H nopoxwpllotj npotepatottltoe; 0i0 Aew<popeio exel npokpi8si W~ Ile 00 ylo TTl ljeiwotl TTle; Xpr;OTle; TWV LX. OUIlf30AAoVTO~ etol OiOV neploploijo TWV nepll3oaaovtlkwv TOUC; sm TlTwoswv. EPVOASio Via Tle; IJs80iSoue; oute~ eivol Tl K081tPWOTl AwpliSwv onokas10tlkr;e; xpi)0tle; Via TO.llMMM, eirs nopoahtjase;. site ovti8e:te~ npoe; TO KU KAO<pOP10KO peullo, Tl K081epWOTJ AEw<popeloopollWV KOI TexvlKwv nou exouv oxeotj Ile: TTl OTJj.lOToi56TTlOTJ YIO ispoljouc; nou islepxovtoi TO.llMMM, onw~ npoelisonoitjotj TOU <pwte1vou OTJIJOTOi56TTl OTl nhtloio~el Aew<popeio YIO TTl OUVEXIOTJ TOU np001vou <POOIlOTO~, e we; OTOU m:pooei TO Aew<popeio. 01 AEW<popsloiSpOIlOI Ilnopsl vo ljelwoouv TO XPOVO TWV is10ispollwv TWV MMM KOTO 50% KOI TIe; SKnOlJnee; TOUe; Ilexpl 60%. EiSw V10 OKOIlO ljio <popo 80 npenel VO TOVI08e:i OTl OU TO nou exel OTJllooio Eivat Tl poi) TWV ov8pwnwv KOI 0 Xl TWV 0XIlIJOTWV. ME TO OKemlKO OUTO ise:v eivat ou VOTO TO Aew<popEio Ile: TO 50 OTOIJO VO EXE:l TTlV iolo IlSTOXEiplOTJ lje TO I.X. OUTOKiVTJTO nou txe:lilovo em I30TTl TOV oistlyo TOU. lisloire:po ise:, 80 npenel vo npoosx8ei 0 <pouaoe; KU KAO~ OiOV onoio OiSTlYOUIJOOiE: IJE TTl IJTl euvotlotj TWV MMM. 0 KUP10~ Mvo~ nou isev npotlijotoi TO AEW<p0 peio i) TPOAEI e:ivol TJ XOIJTlAl1 TOU TOXUTTlTO. Tl IJIl E ~EUPEOTJ 8tOTJe; KOl Tl eahe:ll\ltl o~lomoiioe; OiO ispoilo MY10 TOUe;. To veyovoto OUTO OOTJYOUV oe IJSYOAUTe:PTl, ne:plooo TEpTJ xpi)otj TOU I.X. OUTOK1VnTOU KOI TWV TO~i. '000 0 IJW~ OU~OVETOI Tl XpnOTJ TOU I.X. KOI TWV To~i nou OUvn8we; KOTOAOlJl3ovouv TTl OE~IO AwpiiSo TOU 000 OTpWIJOTOe;, TOOO ljelwve:toi TJ O~lomOTio TWV MMM Kat OU~OVe:TOI 0 xpovoe; isloispoijr;c;. H OU~TlOTJ TOU XPOvou OIOOpOlJne; OTJlloivEl OTI XPE10~OVTOI neploootspo AEW<pOpeiO. V10 VO npoo<pepouv TOV [islo 1308IJo e ~untjpettlotje;

10UAIOe;-AuyoUOTOe; '95 TeXVlKO XPOVIKO 51 'OIlWe;. neploocltepa oxijllata OI'lIlaivouv neplomhe PT] emj3opuvot] Kat au~t]ot] TT]e; ij~t] KOpeOjlevT]e; KU KAO<popiae;. 'ETOI ~TJllloupyeiTat evae; ~eutepoe; <pau AOe; KUKAOe; nou TJ IlOVT] ~Ie~o~oe; an' autov eivat T] au ~T]OT] Tile; TaXUTT]Tae; Kal a~lomotiae; TWV MMM ~T]lll OUPYWVTae; anokaelotikee; Awpi~ee; Yla TIlV KUKAO<pOpia TOUe;. KaSwe;, jloalota, TO npoj3alllla TOU 1~IOKTTJOlaKOU Ka SeOTWTOe; TWV OUYKOIVWVlaKWV <popewv j3pioketol OTT]V emkatpott]ta KaSWe; Kat Ta avtlotolxa XPT]llaTO OIKOvolllKO TOUe; SejlaTa Kat npol3mjlata, a~i~el va 0T]llelw8ei OTl oxetlkee; jlemtee; exouv ~ei~el OTt Ilia au~ilot] TT]e; AelTouPYIKiJe; TaxuTT]Tae; TWV MMM KaTo 1 XIAIOjleTpO TTJV wpa jlnopei va o~t]yijoel oe au~t]oil Tile; napaywylkott]tae; ana 7% ewe; 12%. I:KOmjlO eivat eniot]e; va ava<pepsei TO napo~o~o TWV Downs - Thomson nou OUVOl./Ji~eTat OTa e~ije;: Le KOpeojlEVee; KUKAo<poplaKo neploxee; unopxel jlla loopponta OTO enine~o e~unt]pstt]olle; TOU I.X. Kat TWV MMM, aaatwe; 01 eml3otee; Sa OAAa~av jleoo. H au~il OT] TT]e; XWpTJTtKOTIlTOe; TWV ~pojlwv npooeakuel neploootepa autokivllta Kal jle TOV Tpono auto llelw VOVTat 01 eml3otee; TWV aottkwv OUYKOIVWVlWV. Me Al YOTepOUe; eml3otee; TO enine~o e~unilpsttjot]e; (XpovoanoOTooele;, TllliJ eloltt]piou) jlelwvetatlle OUVEnelQ Kat OAAOl 1~loKTiJTee; I.X. va anoxwpouv ana Ta MMM. 'ETOl, jlia VEa loopponia enepxetat, amo autij TT] <popo jle xajlllaotepo enine~o e~unt]pstilot]e;. H SeonlOT] opiwv TOxuTIlTae; Ilnopei va jlelwoel TIlV Ka TOVOAWOTJ Kauoillwv Kat Tle; eknojlnee; Kauoaepiwv. H KaTOVOAWOT] Kauoillwv apxi~el va avel3aivel oe TOXU TIlTee; novw ana 60 km KI akolla mo nom oe TOXUTIl Tee; novw ana 80 km. 'ETOl, TJ SeonlOT] evoe; avwtatou opiou TaxuTT]TOe; 100 km Sa jleiwve Tle; eknollnee; Ka TO 1 %, evoe; opiou 80 km KaTO 3,5% Kat 60 km KaTo 6,5%. Mia npoo<.patt] KalVOTojlia a<popo OTOV Ile TJAeKTpovl KO Tpono evtomollo TOU oxijjlatoe;, napoxi] nat]po <popilot]e; Kl eaeyxo. 'ETOl, IlAeKTpovlKO ouotl'tllato a vayvwpi~ouv Til SeOT] TOU oxijllatoe; Kat KaSO~T]Youv TOV o~ilyo OTOV Tono npooplojlou TOU. YnoAoyi~ETOI OTt TETOla ouotl'tllata Sa Ilnopouoav va jlelwoouv Tllv KUKAo<popia KaTo 5-10%. at] YIle; Kal Tlle; noaltlkije; TWV uno~ollwv. EuxaploTw. BI~Aloypacpia 1. Transport and the Environment, GECD, Paris, 1988. 2. Ministerial Session on Transport and the Environment, European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Paris, November 1989. 3. H ATIlOO<.patPIKri PunavOT] OTllv neploxij Tile; AStivae;, TExvlKiJ 'EKSeoll nepna, ASiJva, MapTloe; 1989. 4. Highways and Air Quality, Highway Research Board SpeCial Report 141, HRB, Washington, D.C., 1973. 5. Environmental Effects of Automotive Transport, The GECD Compass Project, Paris, 1986. 6. Alan Altshuler, The Urban Transportation System - Politics and Policy Innovation, the MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1981. 7. AUToKivllTO, punavot], vea TEXvoAoyia. MOVljlT] EmTponi] nepll3omovtoe; TEE, EVIlIlEPWTtKO AEA Tio TEE, TEuxoe; 1568a, 10UVIOe; 1989. 8. Market and Government Failures in Environmental Management, The case of Transport, GECD, 1992. 9. EmTponiJ TWV EupwnalKwv KOIVOTiJTWV, npoolvo Bl13Aio Yla TO AOTlKO nepll3oaaov, Bpu~V\Aee;, 1990. 10. Commission of the European Communities, Green Paper on the Impact of Transport on the Environment, Brussels, 1992. 11. Veli Himanen, Transport policy, Infrastructure Assessment, and Future in Urban Areas, Expert Meeting and Symposium on the Seminar on Future Road Transport Systems and Infrastructures in Urban Areas, GECD, 1991. 12. Urban Transportation Perspectives and Prospects, Eno Foundation for Transportation, Westport Connecticut, 1982. Iu~m:paOlJaTa H ~laxeiplot] TOU ouotijjlatoe; IlETa<popwv anoteaeitoi ano eva OT]llaVTlKO nmyjla IlETPWV Kat evepy :LWV nou exouv Til ~uvatotilta va jlelwoouv OT]jlaVTlKO Til V KU KAO<poplaKiJ OUIl<.pOPIl0T] Kat va EXOUV SETtKO anote MOjlaTa OTO nepll3oaaov. AnaLTouv OjlWe; npooekttko oxe~laollo. OUVTOVlOIlO Kat OTEviJ napakoaousilot] Tile; E<paplloyiJe; TOUe;. H w<pealjlott]to TOUe;, ~E, au~ove Tal, av ouv~uaotouv IlE jlstpa nou a<popouv OTT] xpi] npo&i5poc; (li.ium.oe;): EnollEvOe; OjllAT]Ti]e; eivat 0 ou VO~EA<.pOe; KUpIOe; KOUVTOUpOe;, jlt]xavoaoyoe; jlllxavi KOe;, nou Sa jllaijoei jle Sejla: "nepiypa<pij TT]e; EIOQxSEioae; avttppunavtlki]e; TEXvoAoyiae;",