25 3 2003 5 RESOURCES SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 3 May 2003 ( 100875) : 500L - 2-4 - 6-8 - 10 114h - 120h 6h 1989 12 25 1990 2 23-2 - 4 : ; ; - 4 1186cm d - 1 10cm 514d ; : 714 13 317 714 119 317 : ; ; ; :P731 15 :B :1007-7588(2003) 03-0024 - 09 THE TEMPORAL CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEA ICE THICKNESS AND REGENERATION PERIOD OF SEA ICE IN LIAODONG GULF GU Wei GU Song2gang SHI Pei2jun LIU Yang CUI Wei2jia ( Key Laboratory of Environmental Changes and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University ; Institute of Resources Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China) Abstract : It is the basis for estimation of the amount of sea ice resources to understand the changing charac2 teristics of sea ice thickness with the effect by some factors such as temperature. In this paper a freezing experiment in laboratory an observation in experimental sites and an analysis by historical data were per2 formed to study the changing characteristics of sea ice thickness affected by temperature and wind with time. Based on that a reformed cycle for sea ice was proposed. A 500L refrigerator was used in the laboratory its temperature was controlled at - 2-4 - 6-8 - 10 frozen time was 114 120 hours the intermission obtained ice thickness was 6 hours. The observed location was northern of sea region of Liaoning Province. Ice surface temperature temperature above ice surface and surface temperature close to coast were observed while thickness of sea ice was observed at same time. And these data were compared with accumu2 lated temperature with - 2-4 from Hulu Island meteorological station. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The sea ice thickness increases in accordance with the temperature decrease or the nega2 tive accumulated temperature increase ; the greater wind speed the smaller of sea ice thickness formed ; the regenerated speed of sea ice in temperature with - 4 in Bohai region is 1. 86mΠd which means that pro2 ducing the sea ice on the thickness with 10cm needs 5. 4 days. The possible times for exploiting sea ice with :2003-01 - 13 ; :2003-02 - 24 : ; ( : 02010) : (1956 ) weigu @bnu. edu. cn
25 3 : 25 regenerated period of sea ice in each region of Bohai Sea were 7. 4 13 times in Liaodong Gulf 3. 7 4. 7 times in Bohai Gulf 1. 9 3. 7 times in Lai2zhou Gulf respectively. Key words :Sea ice thickness ; Bohai Sea ; Negative accumulated temperature ; Regenerated period of seaice. 10 1 1 1-10 - 2 317 ; 1 111 1 500L 45cm 40cm 1 ( : ) 35cm ; - 2-4 - 6-8 - 10 + - 012 ; Fig. 1 Changes of sea ice thickness in different temperature with time Table 1 Correlation between sea ice thickness in different temperature and time - 10-8 - 6-4 - 2 01994 01994 01992 01985 01993 112662 110337 018872 015895 013397 714286 214286 112771 216657-211111 114h 120h ; 6h 3 4 ( ) ; 1 ; 38 20 ( 112 ) : 1-2 - 4-6 - 8 -
26 25 3 0199 ( 2) ( 2 = ) 2 Table 2 Correlation coefficients between sea ice thickness in different temperature and negative accumulated temperature - 10-8 - 6-4 - 2 019969 019969 019958 019923 019967 2 Fig. 2 Relationship between sea ice thickness in different temperature and negative accumulated temperature 2 2002 1 3 211 2002 1 16 2002 1 30 1 27 1 30 : 121 241703 39 361438 (2cm 40cm) 100m 67cm - 1167 29 30 30m 2 15cm 20cm 2002 1 27 16 7 40cm 2001 2002 40cm
25 3 : 27 : 10cm 10cm ( ) 115m 4 ( ) ; ( ) 115m ( 212 2002 1 27 16 2002 1 30 11 3 3 4 4 2 ( 3) 39h 115mm h - 1 40 4 2002 1 27 30 0124mm h - 1 Table 4 Weather condition and wind at northern Sea area of 1 1 Changxing island ( January 27 th to 30 th 2002) 1 27 1 28 1 29 1 30 NWN 3 ( ) 414m s NE 118m s - 1 NNE WSW 3 2002 1 ( Y) ( X) Table 3 Changes in sea ice thickness ( Y) at northern Sea area of Changxing island with time ( X) ( January 2002) Y Y = - 010093X 2 + 117179X - 413579 019821 Y Y = - 0101X 2 + 118166X - 416342 019812 Y Y = - 010104X 2 + 118834X - 413086 019826 ) TR - 71S 5min 4 4 (9 16 ) 4 : > > > ; (7 9 ;16 19 ) 4 ; (19 7 ) 4 : > 5 4 Table 5 Daily mean values with four kinds of temperature 3 27 1 29 4 Fig. 3 Changes of sea ice thickness at northern ( 5) 29 sea area of Changxing island with time - 015 ( - 116 ) 39h ( (1 29 7 ) :39 361405 N 121 241728 E) : ( 5) ( ) 1 27-6 - 6-714 - 514 1 28-414 - 418-512 - 312 1 29-015 - 215-015 - 014 3 4 2002 1
28 25 3 4 2002 1 27 30 Fig. 4 Changes of temperature at northern Sea area of Changxing island with time (January 27 th to 30 th 2002) 5 Fig. 5 Relationship between sea ice thickness and negative accumulated temperature at northern Sea area of Changxing island 2-116 215 39h 39h 10h ( 49h ) 3 : ; 5
25 3 : 29 ; 1 24 3. 1 [1 ] 1989 12 25 1990 2 23 ( ) 6 1 17 1 24-2 - 4-213 - 1416 1 1989 12 12 1990 2 9 ( 5 s - 1 219m s - 1-2 ) ;1 3. 2 : 6 7 1 24 17 1 22 013m 23 717m s - 1 ( 6 4 ) 2316cm 1 24 3618cm(1 24 ) 1 24 15cm 25cm 11 24 12 17 (518cm) 19 35cm 40cm (3714cm) 5d 7d 7 8 1989 1990-2 - 4 ( 7) 7 21 5 1 24 7 : (1 4 ; ; 7 2 15 ) : : 6 1989 1990 Fig. 6 Changes in sea ice thickness at Hulu Island with temperature wind speed and time in winter (1989 1990)
30 25 3 7 1989 1990 7 Fig. 7 Changes in sea ice thickness at Hulu island with temperature and wind speed of slide average value in winter (1989 1990) 8 1989 1990 Fig. 8 Temporal changes of sea ice thickness at Hulu island with negative accumulated temperature in winter (1989 1990) 4 ; ;
25 3 : 31 6 20 70 90 7-4 ( 1961 1990 ) [3 ] 10cm 10cm - 4 (1 27 1 28 ) 115mm h - 1 [3 ] 316cm d - 1 ; - 4 1186cm d - 1 ( 8) ( 6) 3 20 90 ; 70 30d 50d 23 % ; 50 % 6 1186cm d - 1 8-4 [4 ] Table 6 Ice periods of each sea area in Bohai Sea in 1970s and 1990s 70 (d) 105 130 90 110 100 90 (d) 100 65 45 : Table 7 Days of accumulated temperature with temperature - 4 at each area of Bohai Sea ( annual mean value from 1961 to 1990) - 4 ( ) - 300-600 - 100-300 0-100 - 4 (d) 40 70 20 40 10 20 Table 8 Regenerated rate of sea ice with temperature - 4 obtained from historical data at Hulu island - ( ) (cm) 4 (cm d - 1 ) 1 17-213 1810-4 1 18-514 2317 517 1 19-4 7 1 20 ( - 4 1 21 ) : 40d 70d 20d 40d - 611-618 - 917 1811 1911 2017-516 110 116 10d 20d 1 22-1318 2310 213 1 23-1413 2618 318 1 24-1416 3618 1010 1 25-1212 - 4 3816 118 015895mm h - 1 114148cm d - 1 ; 1186
32 25 3 ( - 4 ) 10cm 414 712 514d ( 10cm ) ( ) : 714 13 317 714 119 317 2001 Π2002 ( References) : - 4 24d 39d [ 1 ]. 414 712 5 (1) : ; : ; (2) - 4 1186cm d - 1 10cm 514d [ 4 ] ( 10cm ) 173. ( ) : 714 13 317 714 119 317 10cm (3) 2000. 193 196. [ M]. : YANG Guo2jin. Engineering of Sea Ice[M]. Beijing : Oil In2 dustry Press 2000. 193 196. [ 2 ]. [J ]. 2000 18 (3) :34 40. DUAN Zhong2dong YANGJi2dong OU Jin2ping et al. Statis2 tical Analysis of Probability Distribution of Extreme Ice Thick2 ness in the Bohai and Northern Huanghai Seas[J ]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas 2000 18 (3) :34 40. [ 3 ] [ M] 1 : 2000184 881 DING De2wen et al. An Introduction to Engineering Sea Ice [M]. Beijing :Ocean Press 2000. 84 88.. [J ] 2002 17 (2) 168 GU Wei SHI Pei2jun LIU Yang et al. The Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Negative Accumulated Tem2 perature in Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea [J ]. Natural Resources 2002 17 (2) : 168 173. Journal of