50 (2) :158-164, 2004 A cta Zoologica S inica C E C E 3 1, 2 3 1 33 1 11, 100875 21, 100054 31, 100875 C ( ) E (V E ) V E, 5, V E 0 0 mg/ kg ( ) 250 50 mg/ kg () 2 500 50 mg/ kg () ; 250 250 mg/ kg ( ) ; 2 500 250 mg/ kg ( ) V E - V E, - V E V E, - V E, V E, ; - V E, 4 -, -,,, 4, -, -, V E,, V E [ 50 (2) : 158-164, 2004 ] C E Effects of the combination of vitamin C and E on growth, liver vitamin C and E, and levels of serum cortisol in stressed and non2stressed juvenile sof t2shelled turtles Pelodis2 cus sinensis 3 ZHOU Xian2Qing 1,2, XIE Meng2Xia 3, N IU Cui2J uan 1 33, SUN Ru2Yong 1 11 College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological En2 gineering, Beijing 100875, China 21Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China 31Centre of Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Abstract We studied the effects of the combination of vitamin C and E on growth, liver vitamin C and E, and level of serum cortisol in stressed and non2stressed juvenile soft2shelled turtles. The turtles were fed combination of vitamin C and E at the dosages of 0 and 0 mg/ kg diets (control group), 250 and 50 mg/ kg diets (experiment group ), 2 500 and 50 mg/ kg diets (experiment group ), 250 and 250 mg/ kg diets (experiment group ), 2 500 and 250 mg/ kg diets (experiment group ) diets, respectively for 4 weeks. The growth of juvenile soft2shelled turtle was estimated by specif2 ic growth rate, the level of liver vitamin C and E was analyzed by the method of high pressure liquid chromatogram 2003209218, 2003212215 3 (No. 30271014) [ This research was funded by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 30271014) ] 33 (Corresponding author). E2mail : cjniu @bnu. edu. cn ν 2004 Acta Zoologica Sinica
2 : C E C E 159 ( HPLC), and serum cortisol was determined by radioimmunoassay. The specific growth rate in the four groups of experi2 ment - were higher than that of the control, whereas no significant difference was observed among experiment - groups. Levels of liver vitamin C and E in non2stressed turtles increased with increase of dietary vitamin C and E, and experiment - groups were significantly higher than those of the control group and experiment group. After acid stress, levels of liver vitamin C and E in all groups had a tendency to decrease, but there were no significant changes ; lev2 els of liver vitamin C and E in experiment - groups were higher than those of the control group, and experiment group was higher than the other four groups after acid stress. The level of serum cortisol showed no significant difference among experiment - groups, and though experiment - groups had a decrease tendency compared with control group, there was no significant change ; whereas experiment groups was lower than that of control. After acid stress, serum cortisol in control group was significantly elevated, whereas the other four groups showed no significant change, al2 though there was a tendency to increase. Serum cortisol levels in experiment - groups were lower than those of the control group after stress, whereas there was no significant difference among - groups. These results suggest that the absence of vitamin C and E depressed growth, and their combination had no interactive effect on the growth and serum cortisol levels, whereas they had an effect on levels of liver vitamin C and E in soft2shelled turtles [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (2) : 158-164, 2004 ]. Key words Soft2shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Acid stress, Growth, Liver, Cortisol C ( ) E (V E ),, 2 h,,, E ( 30 1, 2003a), C, C3 C4 (, V E, 2003b) (1998) 3, V E (, 1996) ( Tanaka et al., 1997) 1 C E V E (Bendich et al., 1984), Table 1 The supplementation of vitamin C and E in diet, V E (, 1996) V E Grouping,, (, 1996), V E, ( Hamilton et al., 2000) Cadenas et al. (1997), V E, DNA,,, V E, V E 112 ( Pelodiscus sinensis) V E 60 (, V E 10314-21410 g), 5 12, 60 cm 30 cm 40 cm 1 111 V E 1, - 20, 4 h 30 1, 6 00,, 4,, V E V E (mg/ kg ) (mg/ kg diet) Control group 0 0 50 250 50 2 500 250 250 250 2 500 (mg/ kg ) (mg/ kg diet), 5 V E, 5
60 1 50 4, - 20 ; t P < 0105,, p H 719 p H 510, 24 h 113 11311 211 ( 011 g), - : ( Specific growth rate : %/ d) = (lnw 2 - lnw 1 ) / T 100 % T = ( T 2 - T 1 ), T 1 ( F 1,9 = 0137, P = 01576) ( 1), T 2 ; T 1 W 1, T 2 W 2 11312,, 20 ml 3 %,, :, KON TRON C 18 (5 m, 416 mm 250 mm) ;, = 6 94 ( v/ v), p H = 2163 ; 243 nm ; 1 ml/ min ; 20 l, ( ) 11313 V E C : : 1 (1994),, < 0105) 30 ml, 10 ml 12 %, 10 ml 40 % Fig11 Effects of the combination of vitamin C and E on specif ic growth rate in juvenile soft2shelled turtles ( Mean,, 70 30 min,, 60 ml 2 1 2, 150 ml, (50 ml 3), 0105). V E ( P < 0105), - ( P > 0105), V E 1 C E Duncan, ( P SD) C: Control group. : Same as those in the Table 1. Duncan multiple range test. The values with different superscript letter are significant different among different dose groups ( P <, 212 V, 2 ml,, C V : KON2 C V E TRON C 18 (5 m, 416 mm 250 mm) ;,, ( F 1,24 = 41456, P = 97 3 (v/ v) ; 290 nm ; 1 = 01048) ml/ min ; 20 l, ( F 1, 24 = 401547, P = 0100003),, V E ( F 1,24 = 141509, P = 0101) Duncan, - 11314 ( P < 0101) ( 2) 213 V E STA TISTICA V E,, V E V E ( F 1, 24 = 341913, P = 0100001), Duncan ( F 1, 24 = 151015, P = 01001),
2 : C E C E 161 2 C E C ( ) Duncan : ( P < 0105) ; t : P Fig12 Effects of the combination of vitamin C and E on content of liver vitamin C in acid2stressed and unstressed juvenile soft2shelled turtles ( Mean + SD) Duncan multiple range test : different superscript letter are significant different among different dose groups in unstressed soft2shelled turtles ( P < 0105). t2test : P values is the result of comparison before and after acid2stress for per dose groups. 3 C E E ( ) Duncan : ( P < 0105) ; t : P Fig13 Effects of the combination of vitamin C and E on content of liver vitamin E in acid2stressed and unstressed juvenile soft2shelled turtles ( Mean + SD) Duncan multiple range test : The values with different superscript letter are significant different among different dose groups in unstressed soft2shelled turtles ( P < 0105). t2test : P values is the result of comparison before and after acid2 stress for per dose groups.
62 1 50 V E ( F 1,24 = ( F 1,26 = 0, P = 1100), - 41562, P = 01045) - V E - ( P < 0101) ( 3) ( P > 0105), 214 ( P < 0101) ( 4) V E 4 C E ( ) Duncan : ( P < 0105) ; t : P Fig14 Effects of the combination of vitamin C and E on content of serum cortisol in acid2stressed and unstressed juvenile soft2shelled turtles ( Mean + SD) Duncan multiple range test : different superscript letter are significant different among different dose groups in unstressed soft2shelled turtles ( P < 0105). groups. t2test : P values is the result of comparison before and after acid2stress for per dose 215 V E ( F 1,26 = 21511 V E V E, ( P > 311 V E 0105) - V E ( P < 0101),, V E 4 ( P < 0101) V E (1996) V C ( F 1,24 = 41874, P = 01039 ) V E Tanaka et al. (1997) ( F 1,23 = 41917, P = 01039), V E ( 2, 3) 21512 V E,, ( P = 01004), 4, 312 V E ( P > 0105) - ( P < 0105), - ( P > 0105) V E, 01069, P = 018) ( 4) 3, V E V E, V E Bendich et al.
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