Greek alphabet Α α Alpha Ν ν Nu Β β Beta Ξ ξ Xi Γ γ Gamma Ο ο Omicron Δ δ Delta Π π Pi Ε ε Epsilon Ρ ρ Rho Ζ ζ Zeta Σ σ ς Sigma Η η Eta Τ τ Tau Θ θ Theta Υ υ Upsilon Ι ι Iota Φ φ Phi Κ κ Kappa Χ χ Khi Λ λ Lambda Ψ ψ Psi Μ μ Mu Ω ω Omega
Declension of the definite article singular male female neuter nom. ὁ ἡ το acc. τον την το gen. του της του dat. τῳ τῃ τῳ plural nom. οἱ αἱ τα acc. τους τας τα gen. των των των dat. τοις ταις τοις
Adjective fine, beautiful, good singular male female neuter nom. καλ-ος καλ-η καλ-ον acc. καλ-ον καλ-ην καλ-ον gen. καλ-ου καλ-ης καλ-ου dat. καλ-ῳ καλ-ῃ καλ-ῳ voc. (where differing from nom.) καλ-ε plural nom. καλ-οι καλ-αι καλ-α acc. καλ-ους καλ-ας καλ-α gen. καλ-ων καλ-ων καλ-ων dat. καλ-οις καλ-αις καλ-οις
Verb I go, I am going, I do go present, indicative, active the imperative mood (as a command) 1st person singular 2nd person singular 3rd person singular 1st person plural βαιν-ω singular βαιν-ε βαιν-εις plural βαιν-ετε βαιν-ει βαιν-ομεν 2nd person plural βαιν-ετε 3rd person plural βαιν-ουσι(ν)
Contract verbs There are three types: α-contracts ε-contracts ο-contracts Note that contraction is confined to verbs whose stem ends in α- ε- or ο-.
Contract verbs α+ο/ου/ω=ω α+ει=ᾳ α+ε=α ε+ω=ω ε+ε/ει=ει ε+ο/ου=ου ο+ω=ω ο+ε/ο/ου=ου
Contract verbs uncontracted α-contract ε-contract ο-contracted βαιν- ὁρα- ποιε- δηλο- I go I see I do/make I show 1st person singular βαιν-ω ὁρ-ω ποι-ω δηλ-ω 2nd person singular βαιν-εις ὁρ-ᾳς ποι-εις δηλ-οις 3rd person singular βαιν-ει ὁρ-ᾳ ποι-ει δηλ-οι 1st person plural βαιν-ομεν ὁρ-ωμεν ποι-ουμεν δηλ-ουμεν 2nd person plural βαιν-ετε ὁρ-ατε ποι-ειτε δηλ-ουτε 3rd person plural βαιν-ουσι(ν) ὁρ-ωσι(ν) ποι-ουσι(ν) δηλ-ουσι(ν) singular imperative βαιν-ε ὁρ-α ποι-ει δηλ-ου plural imperative βαιν-ετε ὁρ-ατε ποι-ειτε δηλ-ουτε
Forming adverbs adjective genitive masculine plural adverb καλ-ος καλ-ων καλ-ως fine/beautiful finely/ beautifully κακ-ος κακ-ων κακ-ως bad/evil badly/evilly σαφ-ης σαφ-ων σαφ-ως clear clearly βαθ-υς βαθ-εων βαθ-εως deep deeply ἀκριβ-ης ἀκριβ-ων ἀκριβ-ως accurate accurately
Nouns type 2a ἀνθρωπος, ὁ man/fellow masculine singular nom. ἀνθρωπ ος acc. ἀνθρωπ ον gen. ἀνθρωπ ου dat. ἀνθρωπ ῳ voc. (where differing from nom.) nom. acc. gen. dat. ἀνθρωπ ε plural ἀνθρωπ οι ἀνθρωπ ους ἀνθρωπ ων ἀνθρωπ οις
Nouns type 2b ἐργον, το task/duty/job/work neuter singular nom. ἐργ-ον acc. ἐργ-ον gen. ἐργ-ου dat. ἐργ-ῳ plural nom. ἐργ-α acc. ἐργ-α gen. ἐργ-ων dat. ἐργ-οις
The ι, ρ, ε rule If an adjective ends in -ος in the masculine nominative singular and its stem ends in ι, ρ or ε, it will follow the pattern of ἡμετερος (i.e. it will have α instead of η in the feminine singular).
Adjective our(s) singular male female neuter nom. ἡμετερ-ος ἡμετερ-α ἡμετερ-ον acc. ἡμετερ-ον ἡμετερ-αν ἡμετερ-ον gen. ἡμετερ-ου ἡμετερ-ας ἡμετερ-ου dat. ἡμετερ-ῳ ἡμετερ-ᾳ ἡμετερ-ῳ plural nom. ἡμετερ-οι ἡμετερ-αι ἡμετερ-α acc. ἡμετερ-ους ἡμετερ-ας ἡμετερ-α gen. ἡμετερ-ων ἡμετερ-ων ἡμετερ-ων dat. ἡμετερ-οις ἡμετερ-αις ἡμετερ-οις
Prepositions προς+acc. =towards e.g. προς την γην (towards the land) ἀπο+gen. =away from e.g. ἀπο του πλοιου (away from the ship) ἐκ+gen. =out of/from e.g. ἐκ τοθ πλοιου (from the ship ἐν+dat. =in e.g. ἐν τῃ θαλαττῃ (in the sea)
Irregular verb I am present, indicative, active 1st person singular 2nd person singular 3rd person singular 1st person plural 2nd person plural 3rd person plural εἰμι εἰ ἐστι(ν) ἐσμεν ἐστε εἰσι(ν)
Irregular verb I know present, indicative, active 1st person singular 2nd person singular 3rd person singular 1st person plural 2nd person plural 3rd person plural οἰδα οἰσθα οἰδε ἰσμεν ἰστε ἰσασι(ν)
No complementary definite article In Greek, the complement does not normally have a definite article; the subject has a definite article.
Omission of the verb to be Quite often, in Greek, the verb to be is omitted from a sentence (a feature called ellipse ). Thus when finding a sentence without a verb try inserting some form of εἰμι. e.g. Μεμνων καλος (Memnon handsome) can be read Μεμνων [ἐστι] καλος (Memnon [is] handsome)