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A-8B8! 8_ :%!A! )! BA+) %!A, 8%!A+,! %,I!8:0%!I$, 1) ) 1 : 8%+!A!$% +I!8A),&I 8ejab>td>eg j@p =aybshkf@p >teya @ Yhgms k @h>iaze by Yhavj@jYp joe @htoe bj jgk Fabgegdabgw GYe> aij@dtgk 8 @eze, iwdloey d> jy viy ght?gejya ij@e +>meabs G>ha<hYls ijy AL8B8!8 bya j@p =aybshkf@p d>, =arhb>ay iwd;yi@p 2 4 d@eze. +g FG8 rm>a jg =abytody, r >ajy Y vlyi@ Y jgk Yhdg=tgk gh<regk ey YhYj>te>a dgegd>hzp j@ iwd;yi@ rop bya <ay 2 4 Ybvd@ dse>p. +g FG8 d gh>t ey YeY ri>a ijge 8eR=gmg hvi >j>p k @h>i t>p Yhvdga>p d> jap?@jgwd>e>p ij@e YhgwiY =aybshkf@, >lvige hgbwn>a Ykfgd>toi@ joe bj@haybze ><byjyijri>oe jgk d> YeRcg<@ Ykfgd>toi@ jgk d@eaytgk bvijgkp d> ;Ri@ jy j>jhy<oeabr drjhy. 1. F jhv gp gk Y <te>a @ Yfagcv<@i@, >ha<hrl>jya YeYckjabR A>lRcYag ijg :. 2. Fa Y Yajsi>ap im>jabr d> j@e >bjrc>i@ joe k @h>iaze bya jge YeR=gmg >hacyd;regejya ijy A>lRcYaY bya (ij@e G>ha<hYls jgk 8ejab>adregk bya ijge GteYbY Ikddvhloi@p j@p =aybshkf@p.) 3. Ghgilghrp d ghgwe ey byjyj> gwe <ay jg iwegcg jgk rh<gk, v op YeYlrh>jYa ij@ =aybshkf@, bya vma <ay drhgp jgk rh<gk. 1) ) 2 : I+!.!8 8%8 +,I8I 8). I I,$98II I. 8eY rjgkiy Yhms >teya jg BCgegEBCv (:e> BiKsEBg 8A@eZe. a>w kei@ r=hyp: GYj@itoe 7 6, +.A. 1 0 4 3 4, 8 sey. +@crloeg : 2 1 0 8 2 0 3 2 1 5 F a x : 2 1 0 8 2 0 3 2 2 2 8hdv=ag a k Rcc@cg a: Agwhj@ C., GYhYib>kR )., CgkijRbYp :. I I. Ijgam>tY j@p iwd;yi@p 1. IwE;:i@ : +g ikdloe@jabv gk Y k g<h Yl>t d>jyfw joe ikd;yccgdreoe d>hze <ay j@e hgb@hkiivd>e@ k @h>ity. 2. 8e:ArKgLi: 8hms : jg (8 gk Y k g<hrn>a d> jge 8eR=gmg /8eY=vmgkp j@ iwd;yi@ <ay j@e >bjrc>i@ j@p k @h>ityp. 3. 8eR=gmgp / (hge@a>lksp : Fa hgbhaevd>ega jgk =ay<oeaidgw gk Y bc@ g we ey k g<hrngke jap ikd;r i>ap bya ey >bj>crigke j@e k @h>ity. 4. ILE;:KBCR K>wm@ : jg j>wmgp j@p iwd;yi@p d>jyfw j@p YeY rjgkiyp 8hmsp d> jge 8eR=gmg j@p k @h>ityp bya vcy jy j>wm@ gk j@ ikeg=>wgke bya j@e ikd c@hzegke bya >hacyd;regke byjr i>ahr aimwg p : Y. j@ iwd;y i@, ;. j@e =aybshkf@ bya jg j>wmgp d> jgkp vhgkp j@p =aybshkf@p, <. j@e Fabgegdabs GhgilghR jgk 8eY=vmgk bya =. j@e +>meabs GhgilghR jgk 8eY=vmgk. 5. ti@e@ <DZii: j@p iwd;yi@p >teya @ >cc@eabs. YhgwiY =aybshkf@, jy rejk Y j@p +>meabsp bya Fabgegdabsp ilghrp Ghg bya @ iwd;yi@ >teya ikejy<drey ij@e >cc@eabs <cziiy. UcY jy =abyagcg<@jabr bya Ghgilghrp ga joe =ay<oea?gdreoe /k gn@ltoe 8eY=vmoe gk Y k g;c@ gwe Y >teya ikejy<drey ij@e >cc@eabs <cziiy. 8
6. iwd;yi@ Y byjyhjaij>t d> ;Ri@ jgkp vhgk p gk >hacyd;reg ejya ijg j>wm@ jgk =ay<oeaidgw bya Y =ar >jya Y v jg cc@eabv tbyag. :ay rdyjy gk =>e Y hk dt?gejya Y v j@e iwd;yi@ Y rmgke YeRcg<@ >lyhdg<s ga =ayjrf>ap joe bgaegjabze F=@<aZe >ht =@dgitoe ikd;ri>oe k @h>iaze, by Zp bya joe bgaegjabze AYegeaidZe ht > joe vhoe joe +Yd>toe bya j@p =@dgiagegdabsp =aym>thai@p jgk bgaegjabgw Ghgx gcg<aidgw. 7. hgy gdg<bievp j@p >bjrc>i@p jgk rh<gk ght?>jya i> 1. 0 9 2. 0 0 0, 0 0 ikd >hacyd;yegdregk jgk LG8 <ay 2 4 dse>p bya 5 4 6. 0 0 0, 0 0 ikd >hacyd;yegdregk jgk L.G.8. <ay jgkp 1 2 dse>p YhRjYi@p. +Y > adrhgkp ijgam>ty jgk bvijgkp j@p iwd;yi@p, ga bhyjsi>ap bya ga cga rp gabgegdabrp > a;yhwei>ap j@p, by Zp > ti@p g jhv gp c@hodsp bya jy cga R im>jabr ijgam>ty bya vhga, Y >ha<hrlgejya ij@e t=ay j@e iwd;yi@ gk Y k g<hyl>t jge d> 8eR=gmg. 1) ) 3 : +) ( I B/I ::)8-0%!8:0%!I$, +g csh>p izdy j@p aybshkf@p >teya =ay riadg i> @c>bjhgeabs dghls ij@e aijgi>ct=y jgk FG8 drio j@p @c>bjhgeabsp =a>w kei@p w w w.a u e b.g r, ijg A>ejhabv C@jhZg @dgito e Ikd;Ri>oe (A..C..I ), ijge aijvjg g jgk hg<hrddyjgp ayw<>ay bya ij@e cyjlvhdy jgk eabgw IkijsdYjgp c>bjhgeabze @dgitoe Ikd;Ri>oe (.I...I ). +Y im>jabr YajsdYjY k g;rccgejya @c>bjhgeabr dveg ijg =abjkybv jv g jgk =ay<oeaidgw drio j@p ay=abjky bsp wc@p w w w. p r o m i t h e u s. g o v. g r, jgk I I. :ay ey k g;c@ gwe YajsdYjY Yhgmsp ikd c@hodyjabze c@hglghaze =a>kbhaeti>oe, ga gabgegdabgt lgh>tp hr >a ey >teya ><<><hyddrega ijg iwij@dy =@cy=s ey =ay rjgke im>jabr =ay aij>kjshay gk jgkp rmgke mgh@<@ >t (vegdy mhsij@ bya bo=abv hvi;yi@p ). +g @c>bjhgeabv Yhm>tg d> jg b>td>eg joe >hoj@drjoe Y Yaj>tjYa >teya ey n@laybr k g<><hyddreg. IwdloeY d> jg Rh hg 1 0 Yh. 1 >=. ;_ jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 0 7 (AYegeaidvp Ghgd@ >aze @dgitgk AG ), >lvige Y v jgkp >e=ayl>hvd>egkp hgd@ >kjrp?@j@ gwe ><bythop jy im>jabr d> jge hgb@hkiivd>eg =ay<oeaidv r<<hyly, YkjR Y gijrccgejya @c>bjhgeabr i Ykjgwp driy i> rfa ( 6 ) >h<riad>p @drh>p Y v j@ csn@ j@p im>jabsp Ytj@i@p, drio j@p >lyhdg<sp gk Yhrm>jYa Y v jg =abjkybv jv g jgk =ay<oea idgw ij@ ay=abjkybs wc@ w w w. p r o m i t h e u s. g o v. g r, jgk II. I> >ha jzi>ap > >t<gejgp, @ hg >idty Ykjs d gh>t ey ikejd@ >t i> jrii>hap ( 4 ) @drh>p. IwdloeY d> jg Rh hg 1 0 Yh. 1 >=. <_ jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7, i> >ht joi@ gk?@j@ gwe Y v jgkp >e=ayl>hvd>egkp hgd@ >kjrp ikd c@hodyjabrp c@hglght>p, im>jabrp d> jy r<<hyly jgk @c>bjhgeabgw =ay<oeaidgw, drmha bya gbjz ( 8 ) @drh>p hg j@p >b egsp j@p hg >idtyp Rib@i@p hg=abyijabsp hgilk<sp byjr j@p =aybshkf@p byjr jg Rh hg 1 5 Yh. 2 >h. Y_ jgk op Reo G. /jgp jrp, Yk YhrmgejYa @c>bjhgeabr Ykjgwp i drio j@p >lyhdg<sp gk Yhrm>jYa Y v jg =abjkybv jv g jgk =ay<oeaidgw ij@ ay=abjkybs wc@ w w w. p r o m i t h e u s. g o v. g r, jgk II, jg Yh<vj>hg jh>ap ( 3 ) @drh>p hg j@p >b egsp j@p op Reo hg >idtyp. I> br > Rcc@ >ht joi@ k g?@jgwejya Y v jgkp >e=ayl>hvd>egkp hgd@ >kjrp ga op Reo ikd c@hodyjabrp c@hglght>p, Ykjrp =tegejya gdgtop @c>bjhgeabr jg Yh<vj>hg >ejvp rfa ( 6 ) @d>hze hae Y v hgd@ety j@e @d> reyhf@p k g;gcsp joe hgilghze, mohtp g hgilrhoe ey rm>a =abytody reijyi@p YjR bj@p =aybshkf@p. 9
+Y Yeojrho YajsdYjY k g;rccgejya @c>bjhgeabr drio j@p >lyhdg<sp gk Yhrm>jYa Y v jg =abjkybv jv g jgk =ay<oeaidgw ij@ ay=abjkybs wc@ w w w. p r o m i t h e u s. g o v. g r, jgk II. 8ajsdYjY Yhgmsp ikd c@hodyjabze c@hglghaze =a>kbhaeti>oe k g; RccgejYa Y v ><<><hyddregkp ijg iwij@dy gabgegdabgwp lgh>tp, =@cy=s =ay rjgke im>jabr =ay aij>kjshay gk jgkp rmgke mgh@<@ >t (vegdy mhsij@ bya bo=abv hvi;yi@p ) bya Y YhYtj@jY jg @c>bjhgeabv Yhm>tg d> jg b>td>eg joe >hoj@drjoe >teya n@laybr k g<><hyddreg. +Y YajsdYjY />hojsdyjy hy<dyjg gagwejya Y gbc>aijabr ij@e >cc@eabs <cziiy, >ejvp joe hg >idaze gk by ght?gejya YhY Reo bya Y Y >k wegejya ij@e K @h>ity gk =a>e>h<>t jg =ay<oeaidv s ij@e 8eY rjgkiy 8hms. 8eY rjgkiy 8hms =>e Y Y Yejsi>a i> >hojsdyjygk Y rmgke k g;c@ >t d> jhv g Rccg Y v jge op Reo hg=ay<><hyddreg. 8ajsdYjY <ay j@e Yhgms c@hglghaze gk k g;rccgejya i> mhveg dabhvj>hg joe rfa ( 6 ) @d>hze hae Y v j@ csf@ j@p hg >idtyp k g;gcsp joe hgilghze, >f>jr?gejya dvege >Re @ K @h>ity rm>a j@ =keyjvj@jy ey Y Yejsi>a ijge >e=ayl>hvd>eg >ejvp jgk >ey gdregejgp mhvegk. AYereYp k gnslagp =>e d gh>t, i> g gay=s gj> >ht joi@ ey > abyc>i >t hglghabrp Y Yejsi>ap >b drhgkp j@p K @h>ityp, im>jabr d> jgkp vhgkp j@p YhgwiYp =aybshkf@p. 8eYlrh>jYa vja, Y gj>c>t >k we@ jgk >e=ayl>hvd>egk YhYcs j@ @ >e@drhois jgk <ay jkmve =a>kbhaesi>ap jhg g gasi>ap. Fa Yh>mvd>e>p Y v j@e 8eY rjgkiy 8hms =a>kbhaeti>ap =>e Y jhg g gagwe gkiao=zp jg >ha>mvd>eg j@p =aybshkf@p. C>jR j@e byjr >i@ bya j@e Y gilhr<ai@ e jo @c>bjhgeabze hgilghze, =a>kbhaeti>ap, jhg g gasi>ap s Y gbhgwi>ap vhoe j@p =aybshkf@p s joe hgilghze =>e <tegejya =>bjrp bya Y ghht jgejya op Y YhR=>bj>p. 1) ) 4 :!A8!0$8 I,$$+.I 1. abytody ikdd>jgmsp ijg =ay<oeaidv, rmgke : (Y ) LkiabR s egdabr hvi o Y j@p @d>=y sp s j@p Yccg=Y sp s ike>jyahaidgt, gk rmgke > Y<<>cdYjabs =hyij@havj@jy bya >d >ahty ijg jgdry j@p AY Yhavj@jYp, by Zp bya d> j@e Yhgms im>jabze k @h>iaze. (; ) ezi>ap hgd@ >kjze gk k g;rccgke bgaes hgilghr, >lvige c@hgwe jgkp vhgkp gk by ght?gejya ijg Rh hg 7 jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7. (< ) Agaeg hyft>p hgd@ >kjze. 2. I> >ht joi@ ike>h<yityp jgk k gn@ltgk d> k >h<gcr;g hr >a ey k g;c@ >t k >w ke@ =scoi@ jgk =ay<oea?vd>egk, v gk Y =@czegejya, >lvige Ykjvp hgjt >jya ey YeY ri>a jdsdy jgk rh<gk i> k >h<gcr;g, jy ijgam>ty jgk k >h<gcr;gk, jg jdsdy jgk rh<gk gk Y YeYj> >t i> Ykjve, by Zp > ti@p bya vja g k >h<gcr;gp Y g=rm>jya Ykjs. ti@p k >w ke@ =scoi@ jgk k >h<gcr;gk, >lvige YeYjt >jya @ >bjrc>i@ >h<yiaze i> k >h<gcr;gkp, k g<><hyddre@ Y e v t=ag jgij@e, g gty Y =@cze>a vja =>id>w>jya ey ike>h<yij>t d> jge =ay<oea?vd>eg, Y g=rm>jya j@e >bjrc>i@ jgk jdsdyjgp jgk rh<gk gk YeYlrh>jYa ij@e k >w ke@ =scoi@ jgk =ay<oea?vd>egk bya vja d gh>t ey YejY gbha >t bya ey YhRim>a vc>p @h>it>p jap jap k g gt>p YeYcYd;Re>a. 1 0
3. +Y ><byj>ij@drey ij@e ccr=y lkiabr s egdabr hvio Y hr >a ey >teya ><<><hyddrey ijy gab>ty > Y<<>cdYjabR s >d ghabr d@jhzy bya ey hgibgdt?gke YeRcg<g aijg ga@jabv. Fa k gnslaga gk =>e rmgke ><byjrijyi@ ij@e ccr=y hr >a ey Y g=>abe wgke j@e ><<hyls jgkp i> > Y<<>cdYjabv s >d ghabv d@jhzg jgk bhrjgkp ><byjrijyisp jgkp s ey hgibgdt?gke YeRcg<@ reghb@ ;>;Ytoi@ s aijg ga@jabv, byjr gha?vd>ey jy ijg Rh hg 4 4 jgk G.. 6 0 / 2 0 0 7. 4. +Y op Reo lkiabr s egdabr hvio Y s >ezi>ap lkiabze s egdabze hgiz oe Y hr >a ey c>ajgkh<gwe evdady ij@e ccr=y s i> Rccg bhrjgp drcgp j@p kho Yubsp Qeoi@p ( ) s jgk kho Yubgw Fabgegdabgw MZhgk (FM ) s i> jhtj>p mzh>p gk rmgke k g<hrn>a j@ IkdloetY @dgitoe Ikd;Ri>oe ijg cytiag jgk GY<bvidagk Fh<Yeaidgw d ghtgk bya joe gckd>hze =ay hy<dyj>wi>oe jgk :whgk j@p Fkhgk<gkR@p, @ g gty bkhz @b> d> jg evdg 2 5 1 3 / 1 9 9 7 bya iwdloey d> jg Rh hg 5 j@p F=@<tYp 2 0 0 4 / 1 8 /A (Rh. 4 G 6 0. / 2. 0 0 7 ). Ij@ ikerm>ay j@p YhgwiYp =aybshkf@p, g vhgp YeR=gmgp YlghR vc>p jap hgyeyl>h > ti>p ijy (Y, )(; ) bya (< ) byj@<ght>p. Fa >ezi>ap hgd@ >kjze bya ga bgaeg hyft>p hgd@ >kjze =>e k gmh>zegejya ey cyd;regke ghaidre@ egdabs dghls hgb>adregk ey k g;rccgke j@e hgilghr jgkp (Ij@e >ht joi@ Ykjs, @ hgilghr k g;rcc>jya ijg II Y v jge ab>lycsp > j@p reoi@p ). ARA> L gosmbgp ilee>krm>b E> Et: Eveg hgimghr. lvige k gnslagp, lkiabv s egdabv hvio g, k g;rcc>a YjgdabR hgilghr, =>e =weyjya ey ikdd>jrim>a ijg =ay<oeaidv op drcgp reoi @p hgd@ >kjze s bgaeg hyftyp I>. Ykjse j@e >ht joi@ >oh>tjya vja rmgke k g;c@ >t =wg hgilghrp bya Y ghht jgejya Ydlvj>h>p op Y YhR=>bj>p. 1) ) 5 :!A8! B :+!A8 I,$$+.I Fa ikdd>jrmgej>p ijg =ay<oeaidv k gmh>gwejya ey k g;rcgke @c>bjhgeabr dy?t d> j@e hgilghr jgkp, ><bythop bya hgi@bvejop (!, (!% 8( AB!I$,, jy Ybvcgk Y hg;c> vd>ey =abyagcg<@jabr, i> dghls Yhm>tgk. p d f, iwdloey d> jg Rh hg 5Y.9. 1Y jgk G..1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7, jgk G..6 0 / 2 0 0 7, jg %.4 1 5 5 / 1 3 bya jg Rh hg 1 1 j@p K8 G 1 / 2 3 9 0 / 1 3 (LA 2 6 7 7 /9_ / 2 1-1 0-1 3 ), v op YeYckjabR >ha<hrlgejya byjr >ht joi@ byjojr ho : aisdyei@ : I> vja YlghR jg iwegcg joe Y Yajgwd>eoe <ay hgibvdai@ ><<hrloe bya YeYlghabR d> j@e > abwhoi@ joe Yeja<hRloe YkjZe aimwgke jy YcYd;Yevd>eY =a ijg Rh hg 1 jgk % 4. 2 5 0 / 2 0 1 4. I> vja YlghR => ijap K >w ke>p @czi>ap bya YeYlghabR d> jg mhveg k g;gcsp bya >Zh@i@p joe aimwgke gdgtop jy =aycyd;yevd>ey ijg Rh hg 3 jgk %. 4 2 5 0 / 2 0 1 4. Fa k >w ke>p =@czi>ap, jy ijgam>ty bya =abyagcg<@jabr <ay j@ ikdd>jgms jgk hgilrhgejgp ij@ =ay<oeaijabs =ay=abyity k g<hrlgejya n@laybr Y v jgkp rmgej>p k gmhroi@ hgp jgwjg k g;rccgejya Y v Ykjve @c>bjhgeabr i> dghls Yhm>tgk jw gk. p d f C:B hgicget?gek:b C:KR >ht Koi@ : v :LKve >ekvp KhBZe ( 3 ) >h<ribeoe @E>hZe Y v j@e @c>bjhgeabs k g;gcs, c@e joe LA a=abvj>hy., ga Y Yajgwd>e>p =@czi>ap s k >w ke>p =@czi>ap jgk Yhvejg p Rh hgk k g<hrlgejya n@laybr Y v jgkp rmgej>p k gmhroi@ hgp jgwjg bya =>e Y Yaj>tjYa im>jabs >Zh@i@. Bga R =abyagcg<@jabr gk k g;rccgejya d> j@e @c>bjhgeabs hgilghr Y Yaj>tjYa ey hgibgdai gwe bya i> rejk @ dghls ij@e K @h>ity gk =a>e>h<>t jg =ay<oea idv, >ejvp 1 1
j@p Yeojrho YeYl>hvd>e@p hg >idtyp, >lvige =>e rmgke >b=g >t /ikejym >t Y v jge t=ag jge gabgegdabv lghry ( hgilrhgejy ) bya byjr iker >ay =>e lrhgke j@e n@laybs jgk k g<hyls. Op jrjgay ijgam>ty >e=>abjabr YeYlrhgejYa : ><<k@jabrp > aijgcrp, aijg ga@jabr gk rmgke >b=g >t Y v =@dvia>p Yhmrp s Rccgkp lgh>tp bc. Fa k >w ke>p =@czi>ap Y Yaj>tjYa, > t gaes Y gbc>aidgw, ey lrhgke @d>hgd@ety jykjvi@d@ d> Ykjs j@p n@laybsp k g<hylsp jgkp @ g gty ey >teya >ejvp joe j>c>kjytoe jharejy ( 3 0 ) @d>hgcg<aybze @d>hze hg j@p byjyc@bjabsp @d>hgd@etyp k g;gcsp joe hgilghze. >e Y Yaj>tjYa ;>;Ytoi@ jgk <e@itgk j@p k g<hylsp Y v Yhdv=aY =agab@jabs Yhms s jy AG. I> >ht joi@ d@ s byjr Yhrbbcai@ k g;gcsp joe Yeojrho YeYl>hvd>eoe =abyagcg<@jabze, @ hgilghr Y ghht >jya j op Y YhR=>bj@. +Y =abyagcg<@jabr hgibgdt?gejya ijg Ghojvbgccg j@p k @h>ityp gk =a>e>h<>t jg =ay<oeaidv, d> =ay;a;yijabv v gk Y YeYlrhgej Ya YeYckjabR jy hgibgda?vd>ey =abyagcg<@jabr. ai@dyte>jya vja jy f>ev<coiiy r<<hyly k g;rccgejya i> hojvjk s > gabkhodreg Yejt<hYlg bya > aiker j>jya > ti@d@ d>jrlhyis jgkp ij@e >cc@eabs <cziiy. 8. 2DD@e>p (gdtk>p 1. <<L@KBCs BiKgDs ILEE>Kgmsp, iwdloey d> jy gha?vd>ey ijg Ph hg 3 jgk 1 A>lYcYtgk 8 j@p YhgwiYp, jg Rh hg 1 5 7 jgk %.4 2 8 1 / 2 0 1 4 bya j@e YhR<hYlg 1.2. 3 jgk Rh hgk 1 1 j@p K8 G 1 / 2 3 9 0./ 1 3 ><<k@jabs > aijgcs ikdd>jgmsp k g;rcc>jya Y v jge hgilrhgejy @c>bjhgeabr i> dghls Yhm>tgk. p d f bya hgibgdt?>jya Y v Ykjve ij@e Yhdv=aY K @h>ity =a>fy<o<sp jgk =ay<oeaidgw i> rejk @ dghls ( hojvjk g ) >ejvp jhaze >h<yitdoe ( 3 ) @d>hze Y v j@e @c>bjhgeabs k g;gcs. 2. (:h:ik:kbcr >C hgiz @i@p, >Re @ ikdd>jgms <te>jya =ay Yeja hgiz oe. (Rh hg 6 Yh. 1 >h. <_ jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7 ). 3., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, ij@e g gty : %Y YeY<hRlgejYa jy ijgam>ty jgk =ay<oeaidgw, ijge tg g ikdd>jrmgke g ga hgilrhgej>p. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp ga hgilrhgej>p =>e rmgke byjy=abyij> t d> Yd>jRbc@j@ Y vlyi@ : 1. <ay br gag jy Y=absdYjY j@p Yh. Rh hgk 1 jgk 4 3 jgk G. 6. 0 / 2 0 0 7, =@cy=s <ay br gag Y v jy Ybvcgk Y : ikdd>jgms i> ><bc@dyjabs gh<reoi@, v op Ykjs ght?>jya ijg Rh hg 2 YhR<hYlgp 1 j@p bgaesp =hri@p j@p 9 8 / 7 7 3 /K jgk Ikd;gkctgk L ( E E 3 5 1 j@p 2 9. 1. 1 9 9 8, i>c,. 1 ) =ohg=gbty, v op Ykjs ght?>jya YejtijgamY ijg Rh hg 3 j@p hrf@p jgk Ikd;gkctgk j@p 2 6@p CY[gk 1 9 9 7 ( E E C 1 9 5 j@p 2 5. 6. 1 9 9 7, i>c. 1 ) bya ijg Rh hg 3 YhR<hYlgp 1 j@p bgaesp =hri@p 9 8 / 7 4 2 /AGG8 jgk Ikd;gkctgk ( E E L 3 5 8 j@p 32 1.. 1 19 9 8, i>c., 2 ) Y Rj@, byjr j@e reegay jgk Rh hgk 1 j@p iwd;yi@p im>jabr d> j@e hgijyity joe gabgegdabze ikdl>hvejoe joe kho YubZe Agaegjsjoe ( E E C 3 1 6 j@p 2 7. 1 1. 1 9 9 5, i>c,. 4 8 ) egdadg gt@i@ >iv=oe Y v YhRegd>p =hyij@havj@j>p, v op ght?>jya ijg Rh hg 1 j@p g=@<typ 9 1 / 3 0 8 / E O K jgk Ikd;gkctgk, j@p 1 0@p!gketgk 1 9 9 1, <ay j@e hvc@n@ mh@iadg gt@i@p jgk mh@dyjg aijojabgw ikijsdyjgp <ay j@ egdadg gt@i@ >iv=oe Y v YhRegd>p =hyij@havj@j>p ( E E L 1 6 6 j@p 2 8. 6. 1 9 9 1, i>c. 7 7 F=@<tYp, @ g gty jhg g gas @b> Y v j@e =@<ty F 2 0 0 1 / 9 7 /A jgk kho Yubgw 1 2
Agaeg;gkctgk bya jgk Ikd;gkctgk, E E L 3 4 4 j@p 2 8. 1 2. 2 0 0 1, i>c. 7 6 ), @ g gty >eiodyjz @b> d> jg %.2 3 3 1 / 1 9 9 5 (8_ 1 7 3 ) bya jhg g gas @b> d> jg %.3 4 2 4 / 2 0 0 5 (8_ 3 0 5,) 2. <ay br gag Y v jy Y=absdYjY j@p k >fyth>i@p, >b;tyi@p, cyijg<hy ltyp, n>k=ghbtyp, =ohg=gbtyp, =vcayp mh>gbg typ, 3. <ay br gag Y v jy Y=absdYjY jgk 8<ghYegdabgw AZ=abY, im>jabv d> j@e Rib@i@ j@p > Y<<>cdYjabsp jgkp =hyij@havj@jyp. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp vja =>e j>cgwe : i> br gay Y v jap YeYl>hvd>e>p ij@e >ht joi@ ( 2 ) jgk j@p >=. Y_ Yh. 2 gk j Rh hgk 6 jgk G. 1. 1 8 / 2 0 0 7 byjyijri>ap, =@cy=s i> jzm>ki@ s i> =ay=abyity bshkf@p jzm>ki@p. s YeRcg<@ byjrijyi@ gk hgbw j>a Y v YhvdgaY =ay=abyity, gk hg;cr >jya Y v jap =ayjrf>ap j@p hyp mz ><byjrijyi@p jgk hgilrhgejgp. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp vja >teya : Y ) YilYcaijabR >esd>hga op hgp jap k gmh>zi>ap jgkp, gk Ylghgwe >ailghrp bgaeoeabsp YilRcai@p (bwhayp bya > abgkhabsp ) bya ; ) lghgcg<abr >esd>h ga op hgp jap lghgcg<abrp k gmh>zi>ap. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp vja jgkp>teya ><<><hyddrega ijg gab>tg > ad>c@jshag ( hgi=aght?gejyp jg iylzp byjr ) j@e @d>hgd@ety =a>erh<>ayp jgk =ay<oeaidgw. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp vja @ > am>th@is jgkp =>e j>c>t i> br gay Y v jap YeYl>hvd>e>p ij@e >h. ( 2 ) jgk >=. <_ @p j Yh. 2 jgk Rh hgk 6 jgk G 1 1. 8 /. 2 0 0 7 byjyijri>ap, =@cy=s k v bgaes >bby Rhai@ s >a=abs >bby Rhai@ bya > ti@p, vja @ > am>th@i@ =>e j>c>t k v =ay=abyity b=gi@p r Y vlyi@p bgaesp s >a=absp >bby Rhai@p. %Y =@cze>jya vja YeYcYd;Re>jYa @ k gmhroi@ <ay j@e hgisbgkiy bya r<byah@ hgibvdai@ joe =abyagcg<@jabze @p j Yh. 2 jgk Rh hgk 6 jgk G 1 1. 8 /. 2 0 0 7, gk Y YajgwejYa byjr jg ijr=ag j@p YjYbwhoi@p b, v op YeYlrhgejYa YeYckjabR ijg Rh hg 6 j@p YhgwiYp =aybshkf@p ( teybyp =abyagcg<@jabze byjybwhoi@p ) bya iwdloey d> jgkp vhgkp bya jap hgx g ri>ap jgk Rh hgk 2 0 jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7. 4., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk % 1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 v ), op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, d> j@e g gty Y =@cze>jya vja, drmha bya j@e @drhy k j@p g;gcsp hgilghrp, ga hgilrhgej>p : - =>e rmgke byjy=abyij>t ;Ri>a =abyijabsp Y vlyi@p gk rm>a aimw =>=abyidregk, @ g gty =ay aijze>a Y=tb@dY im>jabv d> j@e > Y<<> cdyjabs jgk p =ay<o<s (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 G 6. 0 /. 2 0 0 7 ), - =>e j>cgwe i> >bby Rhai@, Ywi@ >h<yiaze, YeY<bYijabs =aym>thai@, jom>kjabv ikd;a; Yidv s YeYijgcs >h< YiaZe (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 jgk G..6 0 / 20 0 7 ), - =>e rm>abae@ >t i> ;Rhgp jgkp =ay=abyity >bby Rhai@p, YeY<bYijabsp =aym>thai@p s jom>kjabgw ikd;a; Yidgw (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 jgk G.. 6 0 / 2 0 0 7 ), - =>e rmgke =ay hrf>a ig;yhv > Y<<>cdYjabv YhR jody ikeylrp d> jg Yejab>td>eg jgk =ay<oeaidgw s i> imri@ d> j@e > Y<<>cdYjab s jgkp a=avj@jy bya - =>e >teya regmga ig;yhze n>k=ze =@czi>oe byjr j@e Yhgms joe c@hglghaze gk Y YajgwejYa d> j@e YhgwiY =aybshkf@ byj >lyhdg<s joe =ayjrf>oe jgk G. 6 0. / 2 0 0 7 s vjye =>e rmgke YhRim>a jap c@hglght>p Ykjrp (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 jgk G 6. 0 /. 2 0 0 7 ). 5., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, d> j@e g gty Y =@cze>jya : 1 3
Fa jkmve egdabgt >haghaidgt c>ajgkh<typ j@p > am>th@i@p. Uja g k gn slagp YeR=gmgp =>e rm>a b@hkm >t rb jojgp Y v iwd;yi@ hgd@ >aze s k @h>iaze jgk =@dgitgk. Uja g k gnslagp YeR=gmgp =>e rm>a jadoh@ >t d> Y gbc>aidv Y v jgkp =ay<oeaidgwp hgd@ >aze s k @h>iaze jgk =@dviagk jgdry. 6., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 k jg %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, ij@e g gty Y =@cze>jya vja : F a c@hglght>p bya jy ijgam>ty gk >harmgejya ij@e hgilghr jgk >teya Yc@ s bya Ybha;s op hgp jg >ha>mvd>ev kp, jg @ hgilghr ikejrm @b> iwdloey d> jgkp vhgkp j@p YhgwiYp =aybshkf@p j@p g gtyp rcy;> <ezi@, bya j@e Y g=rm>jya cshop bya Ye> alwcybjy, g ikdd>jrmoe YhYaj>tjYa Y v br > =abytody Y g?@dtoisp jgk im>jabr d> g gay=s gj> Y vlyi@ j@p 8eY rjgkiyp 8hmsp <ay YeY;gcs s Ybwhoi@ dyjytoi@ jgk =ay<oeaidgw. 7. (BiKg gb@kbcr gk >b=t=gejya Y v > ti@dy <hyl>ty gagjabgw >cr<mgk, s Yhdv=a>p K @h>it>p, YeY<eohaidreoe abyegjsjoe, gk ey ;>;YaZegke j@e jsh@i@ >b drhgkp jgk YeY=vmgk ikijsdyjgp aym>thai@p Ggavj@jYp (BF+ I S% O 9 0 0 1 : 2 0 0 0 s Rccgk aig=weydgk ) +Y aijg ga@jabr k g;rcc gejya Y v jge hgilrhgejy @c>bjhgeabr i> dghls Yhm>tgk. p d f bya hgibgdt? gejya Y v Ykjve ij@e Yhdv=aY K @h>ity =a>fy<o<sp jgk =ay<oeaidgw i> rejk @ dghls >ejvp jhaze ( 3 ) >h<yitdoe @d>hze Y v j@e @c >bjhgeabs k g;gcs. 9. 8DDg=: gt 1. <<L@KBCs BiKgDs ILEE>Kgmsp, iwdloey d> jy gha?vd>ey ijg Ph hg 3 jgk 1 A>lYcYtgk 8 j@p YhgwiYp jg, Rh hg 1 5 7 jgk %. 4 2 8 1 / 2 0 1 4 bya j@e YhR<hYlg 1. 2. 3 jgk Rh hgk 1 1 j@p K8 G 1 / 2 3 9 0. / 1 3 ><<k@jabs > aijgcs ikdd>jgmsp k g;rc c>jya Y v jge hgilrhgejy @c>bjhgeabr i> dghls Yhm>tgk. p d f bya hgibgdt?>jya Y v Ykjve ij@e Yhdv=aY K @h>ity =a>fy<o<sp jgk =ay<oeaidgw i> rejk @ dghls ( hojvjk g ) >ejvp jhaze ( 3 ) >h<yitdoe @d>hze Y v j@e @c>bjhgeabs k g;gcs. 2. (:h:ik:kbcr >C hgiz @i@p, >Re @ ikdd>jgms <te>jya =ay Yeja hgiz oe. (Rh hg 6 Yh. 1 >h. <_ jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7 ). 3., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, ij@e g gty : %Y YeY<hRlgejYa jy ijgam>ty jgk =ay<oeaidgw, ijge tg g ikdd>jrmgke g ga hgilrhgej>p. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp ga hgilrhgej>p =>e rmgke byjy=abyij>t d> Yd>jRbc@j@ Y vlyi@ : 1. <ay br gag jy Y=absdYjY j@p Yh. Rh hgk 1 jgk 4 3 jgk G..6 0 / 2 0 0 7, =@cy=s <ay br gag Y v jy Ybvcgk Y : ikdd>jgms i> ><bc@dyjabs gh<reoi@, v op Ykjs ght?>jya ijg Rh hg 2 YhR<hYlgp 1 j@p bgaesp =hri@p j@p 9 8 / 7 7 3 /K jgk Ikd;gkctgk ( E E L 3 5 1 j@p 2 9. 1. 1 9 9 8, i>c,. 1 ) =ohg=gbty, v op Ykjs ght?>jya YejtijgamY Rh hg ijg 3 j@p hrf@p jgk Ikd;gkctgk j@p 2 6@p CY[gk 1 9 9 7 ( E E C 1 9 5 j@p 2 5. 6. 1 9 9 7, i>c. 1 ) bya ijg Rh hg 3 YhR<hYlgp 1 j@p bgaesp =hri@p 9 8 / 7 4 2 /AGG8 jgk Ikd;gkctgk ( E E L 3 5 8 j@p 3 1. 1 2. 1 9 9 8, i>c,. 2 ) Y Rj@, byjr j@e reegay jgk Rh hgk 1 j@p iwd;yi@p im>jabr > j@e d hgijyity joe gabgegdabze ikdl>hvejoe joe kho YubZe Agaegjsjoe ( E E C 3 1 6 j@p 2 7. 1 1. 1 9 9 5, i>c,. 4 8 ) egdadg gt@i@ >iv=oe Y v YhRegd>p =hyij@havj@j>p, v op ght?>jya ijg Rh hg 1 j@p g=@<typ 9 1 / 3 0 8 / E O K jgk Ikd;gkctgk, j@p 1 0@p!gketgk 1 4
1 9 9 1, <ay j@e hvc @n@ mh@iadg gt@i@p jgk mh@dyjg aijojabgw ikijsdyjgp <ay j@ egdadg gt@i@ >iv=oe Y v YhRegd>p =hyij@havj@j>p ( E E L 1 6 6 j@p 2 8. 6. 1 9 9 1, i>c. 7 7 F=@<tYp, @ g gty jhg g gas @b> Y v j@e F=@<tY 2 0 0 1 / 9 7 /A jgk kho Yubgw Agaeg;gkctgk bya jgk Ikd;gkctgk, E E L @p 3 4 42 j 8. 1 2. 2 0 0 1, i>c. 7 6 ), @ g gty >eiodyjz @b> d> jg %.2 3 3 1 / 1 9 9 5 (8_ 1 7 3 ) bya jhg g gas @b> d> jg %.3 4 2 4 / 2 0 0 5 (8_ 3 0 5,) 2. <ay br gag Y v jy Y=absdYjY j@p k >fyth>i@p, >b;tyi@p, cyijg<hyltyp, n>k=ghbtyp, =ohg=gbtyp, =vcayp mh>gbg typ, 3. <ay br gag Y v jy Y=absdYj jgk 8<ghYegdabgw AZ=abY, im>jabv d> j@e Rib@i@ j@p > Y<<>cdYjabsp jgkp =hyij@havj@jyp. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp vja =>e j>cgwe : i> br gay Y v jap YeYl>hvd>e>p ij@e >ht joi@ ( 2 ) jgk j@p >=. Yh Y_. 2 gk j Rh hgk 6 jgk G..1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7 byjyijri>ap, =@cy=s i> jzm>ki@ s i> =ay=abyity bshkf@p jzm>ki@p. s YeRcg<@ byjrijyi@ gk hgbw j>a Y v YhvdgaY =ay=abyity, gk hg;cr >jya Y v jap =ayjrf>ap j@p mzhyp ><byjrijyi@p jgk hgilrhgejgp. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k ;gcsp g j@p hgilghrp jgkpvja >teya : Y ) YilYcaijabR >esd>hga op hgp jap k gmh>zi>ap jgkp, gk Ylghgwe >ailghrp bgaeoeabsp YilRcai@p (bwhayp bya > abgkhabsp ) bya ; ) lghgcg<abr >esd>hga op hgp jap lghgcg<abrp k gmh>zi>ap. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drh Y k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp jgkp vja >teya ><<><hyddrega ijg gab>tg > ad>c@jshag ( hgi=aght?gejyp jg iylzp byjr ) j@e @d>hgd@ety =a>erh<>ayp jgk =ay<oeaidgw. %Y =@cze>jya vja drmha bya j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp vja jgkp@ > am>th@is jgkp =>e j>c>t i> gay bry v jap YeYl>hvd>e>p ij@e >h. ( 2 ) jgk >=. <_ @p j Yh. 2 jgk Rh hgk 6 jgk G 1 1. 8 /. 2 0 0 7 byjyijri>ap, =@cy=s k v bgaes >bby Rhai@ s >a=abs >bby Rhai@ bya > ti@p, vja @ > am>th@i@ =>e j>c>t k v =ay=abyity b=gi@p r Y vlyi@p bgaesp s >a=absp >bby Rhai@p. %Y =@cze>jya vja YeYcYd;Re>jYa @ k gmhroi@ <ay j@e hgisbgkiy bya r<byah@ hgibvdai@ joe =abyagcg<@jabze @p j Yh. 2 jgk Rh hgk 6 jgk G 1 1. 8 /. 2 0 0 7, gk Y YajgwejYa byjr jg ijr=ag j@p byjybwhoi@p, v op YeYlrhgejYa YeYckjabR ijg Rh hg 6 j@p YhgwiYp =aybshkf@p ( teybyp =abyagcg<@jabze byjybwhoi@p ) bya iwdloey d> jgkp vhgkp bya jap hgx g ri>ap jgk Rh hgk 2 0 jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7. 4., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp Y ey Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ siagk <e k g<hylsp, v gk ey =@cze>jya @ mzhy byjy<o<sp jgk j>cabgw hgil>hvd>egk >t=gkp, byjr jg Rh hg 1 8 Yh. 1 jgk G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7. 5., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, d> j@e g gty Y =@cze>jya vja, drmha bya j@e @drhy k j@p g;gcsp hgilghrp, ga hgilrhgej>p : - =>e rmgke byjy=abyij>t ;Ri>a =abyijabsp Y vlyi@p gk rm>a aimw =>=abyidregk, @ g gty =ay aijze>a Y=tb@dY im>jabv d> j@e > Y<<> cdyjabs jg kp =ay<o<s (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 G 6. 0 /. 2 0 0 7 ), - =>e j>cgwe i> >bby Rhai@, Ywi@ >h<yiaze, YeY<bYijabs =aym>thai@, jom>kjabv ikd;a; Yidv s YeYijgcs >h< YiaZe (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 jgk G..6 0 / 20 0 7 ), - =>e rm>a bae@ >t i> ;Rhgp jgkp =ay=abyity >bby Rhai@p, YeY<bYijabsp =aym>thai@p s jom>kjabgw ikd;a; Yidgw (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 jgk G.. 6 0 / 2 0 0 7 ), 1 5
- =>e rmgke =ay hrf>a ig;yhv > Y<<>cdYjabv YhR jody ikeylrp d> jg Yejab>td>eg jgk =ay<oeaidgw s i> imri@ d> j@e > Y<<>cdYjabs jgkp a=avj@jy bya - =>e >teya regmga ig;yhze n>k=ze =@czi>oe jr by j@e Yhgms joe c@hglghaze gk Y YajgwejYa d> j@e YhgwiY =aybshkf@ byj >lyhdg<s joe =ayjrf>oe jgk G. 6 0. / 2 0 0 7 s vjye =>e rmgke YhRim>a jap c@hglght>p Ykjrp (Rh hg 4 3 Yh. 2 jgk G 6. 0 /. 2 0 0 7 ). 6., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8 _ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@laybr, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, d> j@e g gty Y =@cze>jya : Fa jkmve egdabgt >haghaidgt c>ajgkh<typ j@p > am>th@i@p. Uja g k gnslagp YeR=gmgp =>e rm>a b@hkm >t rb jojgp Y v iwd;yi@ hgd@ >az e s k @h>iaze jgk =@dgitgk. Uja g k gnslagp YeR=gmgp =>e rm>a jadoh@ >t d> Y gbc>aidv Y v jgkp =ay<oeaidgwp hgd@ >aze s k @h>iaze jgk =@dviagk jgdry. 7., >wale@ =sdoi@ j@p Yh. 4 jgk Rh hgk 8 jgk %.1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6 (8_ 7 5 ), v op >brijgj> aimw>a k g<><hyddre@ n@lay br, mohtp ey Y Yaj>tjYa >Zh@i@ <esiagk k g<hylsp, ij@e g gty Y =@cze>jya vja : F a c@hglght>p bya jy ijgam>ty gk >harmgejya ij@e hgilghr jgk >teya Yc@ s bya Ybha;s op hgp jg >ha>mvd>ev jgkp, @ hgilghr ikejrm @b> iwdloey d> jgkp vhgkp j@p YhgwiYp Ybshkf@p =a j@p g gtyp rcy;> <ezi@, bya j@e Y g=rm>jya cshop bya Ye> alwcybjy, g ikdd>jrmoe YhYaj>tjYa Y v br > =abytody Y g?@dtoisp jgk im>jabr d> g gay=s gj> Y vlyi@ j@p 8eY rjgkiyp 8hmsp <ay YeY;gcs s Ybwhoi@ dyjytoi@ jgk =ay<oeaidgw. 8. (BiKg gb@kbcr gk >b=t=gejya Y v > ti@dy <hyl>ty gagjabgw >cr<mgk, s Yhdv=a>p K @h>it>p, YeY<eohaidreoe abyegjsjoe, gk ey ;>;YaZegke j@e jsh@i@ >b drhgkp jgk YeY=vmgk ikijsdyjgp aym>thai@p Ggavj@jYp (BF+ % I S O 9 0 0 1 : 2 0 0 0 s Rccgk aig=weydgk ) +Y aijg ga@jabr k g;rcc gejya Y v jge hgilrhgejy @c>bjhgeabr i> dghls Yhm>tgk. p d f bya hgibgdt? gejya Y v Ykjve ij@e Yhdv=aY K @h>ity =a>fy<o<sp jgk =ay<oeaidgw i> rejk @ dghls >ejvp jhaze ( 3 ) >h<yitdoe @d>hze Y v j@e @c>bjhgeabs k g;gcs. :. %gebcr (hvio :, E>=: R s 8DDg=: R 1. UcY jy YhY Reo =abyagcg<@jabr joe Yeojrho YhY<hRloe 8. Qcc@e>p Ggctj>p bya 9. 8ccg=Y gt, Yejaijgtmop. B>LChBet?>K:B vja ga Y Yajgwd>e>p byjr jy Yeojrho k >w ke>p =@czi>ap Ylghgwe bya k g<hrlgejya Y v jgkp =aym>ahaijrp, ijap >ha jzi>ap.g.., F. bya. bya jge.. Ghv>=hg jgk.i bya jge a>k we gejy Iwd;gkcg, ijap >ha jzi>ap 8.. 2. UcY jy egdadg ga@jabr r<<hyly br > ikdd>jrmgejgp <ay j@e Y v=>af@ joe Yeojrho a=agjsjoe bya jgkp >fgkityp rb=gi@p YhYijYjabgw >b Z hgi @i@p, Ik<b>bhadreY : 8. :ay d>=y R egdabr vio h Y d> j@ dghls 8eoewdgk jyah>typ (8.. ) s jyah>typ G>haghaidre@p k we@p (.G.. ) : LA iwijyi@p jgkp >jyah>typ Zp by bya vcoe joe jhg g gasi>oe. LA >b hgio si>op jgkp >jyahtyp. GhvilYjg bo=abg ga@dreg byjyijyjabv, >oh@dreg Y v j@e Yhdv=aY Yhms. 9>;Ytoi@ jgkp Yhdv=aYp byjr >ht joi@ =agab@jabsp s =abyijabsp Yhmsp, Y v j@e g gty ey hgbw jgke ga jkmve d>jy;gcrp, gk rmgke > rc >a ijg egdabv hvio g bya jy vh<yey =ag tb@i@p Ykjgw. GhYbjabv Y vlyi@p.i. >ht ><bhti>op ikdd>jgmsp (YjgdabR s op drcgp Qeoi@ p ) ijg ay<oeaidv bya >fgkiag=vj@i@ i> ik<b>bhadreg vio g h ey 1 6
byjy ri>a j@e hgilghr. 9. :ay d>=y R egdabr hvio Y d> j@ dghls hgio absp >jyah>typ (F.. s.. ) : ti@dg Yejt<hYlg s > abkhodreg lojgyejt<hylg jgk ikdloe@jabgw iwijyi@p jgkp >jyah>typ bya vcoe joe jhg g gasi>oe Ykjgw, by Zp bya jgk j>c>kjytgk i> aimw byjyijyjabgw jgkp >jyahtyp. Gaijg ga@jabv >ht d>jy;gcze jgkp >jyah>typ Y v j@e Yhdv=aY. Yhms :. :ay 8ccg=Y R egdabr hvio Y : 8eRcg<Y d> j@ dghls jgkp, YejtijgamY egdadg ga@jabr r<<hyly bya aijg ga@jabr d> YkjR gk YeYlrhgejYa Yeojrho k v YhY<hRlgkp 28 s 29, jy g gty hg;cr gejya Y v jg =tbyag jgkp mzhyp jgkp r=hyp s c>ajgkh<typ jgkp bya Y v jy g gty Y g=>abew>jya @ evdad@ iwijyi@ bya c>ajgkh<ty jgkp, @ ><<hyls ijy hg;c> vd>ey d@jhzy >jyah aze bya jg j>c>kjytg i> aimw byjyijyjabv, bya ga cga rp c@hglght>p bya ijgam>ty, gk?@jgwejya Yeojrho <ay jgkp @d>=y gwp. I> >ht joi@ gk @ mzhy hgrc>ki@p =>e >b=t=>a br gag Yejtijgamg aijg ga@jabv, Ykjv YejabY tijyjya Y v k >w ke@ =scoi@ jgk evdadgk >b hgiz gk jgk k gn@ltgk, Y v j@e g gty hgbw j>a vja : (Y ) =>e >b=t=>jya jrjgag aijg ga@jabv, bya (; ) g K gnslagp c@hgt jg im>jabv egdadg ga@jabv vhg.. ILe>K:BhBiEgt 1. AYjR >ht joi@, jy =abyagcg<@jabr gk hg;cr gejya Yejaijgtmop Yeojrho, k v ijgam. A, 9 bya :. a>kbhaet?>jya vja : jg hgibgda?vd>eg Y vi YidY gaeabgw d@jhzgk s g=weydg ai r<<hylg YlghR jge Ghv>=hg jgk.i. jgk ike>jyahaidgw bya ga Y Yajgwd>e>p byjr jy Yeojrho k >w ke>p =@czi>ap k g<hrlgejya Y Ykjve.. ezi>bp (hge@a>lkze gl L g;rddge CgBes hgimghr 1. +Y YhY Reo byjr >ht joi@ =abyagcg<@jabr <ay jge br > R=gmg Ye gk ikdd>jrm>a ij@e reoi@. 2. reoi@ s bgaeg hyfty k g;rcc>a bgaes hgilghr, @ g gty k g<hrl>jya k gmh>ojabr, >tj> Y v vcgkp jgkp k gn@ltgkp YeY=vmgkp gk Y gj>cgwe reoi@, >tj> Y v >b hvio v jgkp >fgkiag=gj@dreg d> ikd;gcyag<hylabs hrf@. 3. scoi@ iwijyi@p reoi@p hgd@ >kjze, n@laybr k g<><hyddre@ joe =@cgwejoe, ij@e g gty Y lyte>jya jg Yejab>td>eg joe >h<yiaze jgk by >evp Y v jgkp ikdd>jrmgej>p, @ givj@jy jgk kcabgw s jg drhgp jgw Yk gk Yejaijgam>t ijge by rey >f YkjZe > t jgk ikevcgk j@p hgilghrp, g >b hvio gp j@p reoi@p reyeja j@p 8eY rjgkiyp 8hmsp bya jg hvio g gk >e=>mgdreop YeY jge c@hze>a. ai@dyte>jyavja @ ><<w@i@ ikdd>jgmsp hr >a ey >hacyd;re>a jge vhg vja @ ><<w@i@ bycw j>a jap k gmh>zi>ap vcoe joe d>cze j@p reoi@p. BC:BgDg<@KBCR gege:ikbcg gt@i@p E>KgmZe : Y. IwdloeY d> jg Rh hg 8 jgk % 3 3. 1 0 / 2 0 0 5 LA ( 3 0 /8_ /2 0 0 5 ), v op jhg g ga@dregp aimw>a, ga d>jgmrp joe Yeoewdoe >jyahaze gk ikdd>jrmgke ijge YhvejY =ay<oeaidv, Ykjgj>cZp s i> bgaeg hyfty s reoi@ hgiz oe s i> g gayi=s gj> Rcc@p egdabsp dghlsp gejvj@jy, >teya k gmh>ojabr gegdyijabrp. lvige drjgmgp joe >jyahaze YkjZe >teya Rcc@ YeZekd@ >jyahty d> gigijv ikdd>jgmsp ijg d>jgmabv b>lrcyag jgkcrmaijge rey jgap >byj v ( 1 % ), ga d>jgmrp j@p >jyahtyp Ykjsp >teya k gmh>ojabr gegdyijabrp ijg iwegcv jgkp drmha lkiabgw hgiz gk. I> >ht joi@ ikdd>jgmsp ijg =ay<oeaidv >jyahaze Rcc@p egdabsp dghlsp, c@e joe Yeoewdoe, ijap g gt>p ikdd>jrmgke s byjrmgke >jyahabr d>ht=ay YeZekd> p >jyaht>p, d> gigijv ikdd>jgmsp 1 7
ijg >jyahabv b>lrcyag jgkcrmaijge rey jgap >byjv ( 1 % ), ga d>jgmrp jgkp >teya k gmh>ojabr gegdyijabrp drmha bya jgk j>c>kjytgk lkiabgw hgiz gk. ;. Op hgp vja YlghR jap @d>=y rp > am>ahsi>ap, @ k gmhroi@ <ay j@e byjr eojrho jy Y gegdyijabg gt@i@ joe d>jgmze >oh>tjya vja >b c@hz @b>, >lvige @ >cc@eabs YeZekd@ >jyahty (s @ jkmve Rcc@p egdabsp dghlsp gejvj@jy, ij@e g gty ikdd>jrm>a ) k g;rc>a ij@e 8eY rjgkiy 8hms d> j@e hgilghr j@p : i ) Gaijg ga@jabv @p j Yhdv=aYp Yhmsp gk > g j>w>a iwdloey d> jap =ayjrf>ap jgk A.%. 2 1 9 0 / 1 9 2 0 j@e >jyahty, Y v jg g gtg hgbw j>a vja ga d>jgmrp j@p, d> ;Ri@ jg aimwge byjyijyjabv j@p, >teya gegdyijabrp. i i ) 8eYckjabs byjrijyi@ d> jy ijgam>ty joe d>jvmoe j@p jyahtyp bya jge Yha dv joe d>jgmze br > d>jvmgk, v op jy ijgam>ty YkjR >teya byjymoh@drey ijg ;a;ctg d>jvmoe j@p jyahtyp, jg gcw jharejy ( 3 0 ) >h<riad>p @drh>p hae Y v j@e @drhy k g;gcsp j@p hgilghrp. <. Fa Yeojrho, k v ijgam. Y_ =. k gmh>zi>ap aimwgke bya <ay jap Yccg=Y rp YeZekd>p >jyaht> p, Ye>fYhjsjop j@p ikdd>jgmsp jgkp s d@ i> >cc@eabrp YeZekd>p >jyaht>p, k v j@e hgx v >i@ vja jg =tbyag j@p mzhyp, ij@e g gty rmgke j@e r=hy jgkp, > a;rcc>a <ay jg iwegcg j@p =hyij@havj@jrp jgkp s <ay ik<b>bhadre@ =hyij@havj@jy, j@e gegdyijabg gt@i@ joe >jgmze d jgkp ijg iwegcv jgkp, drmha lkiabgw hgiz gk. I> =aylgh>jabs >ht joi@, aimwgke jy >fsp : i ) lvige =>e > a;rcc>jya k gmhroi@ gegdyijabg gt@i@p joe d>jgmze joe Yccg=Y Ze Yeoewdoe >jyahaze byjr jg =tbyag j@p mzhyp, ij@e g gty rmgke j@e r=hy jgkp, hgi bgdt?>jya im>jabs ;>;Ytoi@ Y v Yhdv=aY Yhms j@p mzhyp Ykjsp, >lvige k Rhm>a im>jabs hv;c>n@, =aylgh>jabr hgibgdt?>jya k >w ke@ =scoi@ jgk egdtdgk >b hgiz gk joe >jyahaze YkjZe. i i ) Ij@e >ht joi@ gk =>e > a;rcc>jya k gmhroi@ gegdyijabg gt@i@p, @ s Yccg=Y YeZekd@ >jyahty k gmh>gwjya ey hgibgdti>a r<bkh@ bya >e@d>hodre@ byjrijyi@ joe d>jvmoe j@p, gk byjrmgke jgkcrmaijge rey jgap >byjv ( 1 % ) joe d>jgmze s =abyaodrjoe nslgk j@p YeZekd@p >jyahtyp. i i i ) I> >ht joi@ gk @ >jyahty =>e j@h>t >e@d>hodre@ i@ byjrijy d>jvmoe, k gmh>gwjya ey hgibgdti>a im>jabs byjrijyi@ d>jvmoe, gk byjrmgke jgkcrmaijge rey jgap >byjv ( 1 % ) joe d>jgmze s =abyaodrjoe nslgk, iwdloey d> j@e j>c>kjyty :>eabs Ikerc>ki@, >lvige ga drjgmga Ykjgt >teya <eoijgt ij@e >jyahty. I> Yejt >j@ >ht joi@, @ >jyahty gl>tc>a ey Yajagcg<si>a jgkp cv<gkp <ay jgkp g gtgkp =>e >teya <eoijgt ga op Reo drjgmga, @ => 8eY rjgkiy 8hms =>e =ay rj>a =aybhajabs >kmrh>ay byjr j@e bhti@ j@p Yajagcg<tYp Ykjsp. ey vb>ajya ij@e 8eY rjgkiy 8hms ey Y g=>tf>a j@ =keyjvj@j Y j@p >jyahtyp ey k g;rc>a j@e hgyeyl>hvd>e@ byjrijyi@ joe d>jvmoe j@p, =aylgh>jabr @ d@ k g;gcs j@p im>jabsp byjrijyi@p =>e > alrh>a reegd>p iker >a>p i> ;Rhgp j@p >jyahtyp. =. Fa Yccg=Y rp > am>ahsi>ap gk ikdd>jrmgke ijge YhvejY =ay<oeaidv, >lvige ijg =tbyag j@p mzhyp ij@e g gty rmgke j@e r=hy jgkp, > a;rcc>jya <ay jg iwegcg j@p =hyij@havj@jrp jgkp s <ay ik<b>bhadre@ =hyij@havj@jy @ gegdyijabg gt@i@ joe d>jgmze jgkp, ijg iwegcv jgkp drmha lkiabgw hgiz gk, hr >a ey k g;rcgke d> j@e hgilghr jgkp jy Yb vcgk Y r<<hyly : i ) Gaijg ga@jabv j@p Yhdv=aYp Yhms byjr jg =tbyag jgk bhrjgkp j@p r=hyp j@p >jyahtyp, Y v jg g gtg ey hgbw j>a vja ga d>jgmrp j@p, d> ;Ri@ jg aimwge byjyijyjabv j@p, >teya gegdyijabrp. i i ) 8eYckjabs byjrijyi@ d> jy ijgam>ty joe d>jvmoe >jyahtyp j@p bya jge Yha dv joe d>jgmze br > d>jvmgk, v op jy ijgam>ty YkjR >teya byjymoh@drey ijg j@hgwd>eg ;a;ctg d>jvmoe byjr jg =tbyag jgk bhrjgkp j@p r=hyp j@p d> @d>hgd@ety jg Yh<vj>hg jharejy ( 3 0 ) >h<riad>p @drh>p hae Y v j@e k g;gcs j@p hgilghrp. i i ) AR > Rccg r<<hylg Y v jg g gtg d gh>t ey hgbw j>a @ gegdyijabg gt@i@ drmha lkiabgw hgiz gk joe d>jgmze j@p >jyahtyp, gk rm>a ikej>c>ij>t jg Yh<vj>hg jharejy ( 3 0 ) >h<riad>p @drh>p hae Y v j@e k g;gcs j@p k gn@lavj@jyp. 1 8