Reference Guide.

Reference Guide www.alfa.com

Table of Contents About Alfa Aesar Periodic Table of the Elements Abbreviations and Codes Glossary of Elemental Forms Bond Strengths 7 Typical Bond Lengths 8 Atomic Weights 9 Multiples of Element Weights 10 Properties of Selected Elements 11 Physical Properties of the Platinum Group Metals 1 Mesh Size Conversion Table 1 MOS Scale of ardness 1 Wire Gauge Dimension Charts 1 Crystal Structure and Atomic Radius (nm) 1 eterocycle Ring umbering 17 umerical Prefixes 18 Temperature Conversions 19 Common Conversion Factors 0 Metric Conversion Factors 1 Physical Constants Characteristic Proton MR Chemical Shifts Concentrations of Commonly Used Laboratory Reagents Solvent Selection Guide Solvents and Baths for eating and Cooling Standard Selection Guide 7 p Indicator 8 Molecular Sieve Selection Guide 9 Pressure-Temperature omograph 0 Glassy Carbon Specifications 1 Typical Properties of igh Purity Oxide Ceramics FEPA Grit Sizes Metal Composition of Common Electroplating Salts Amino Acid Abbreviations DA Agarose Separation ucleotide Properties 7 The Genetic Code 8 www.alfa.com

About Alfa Aesar Alfa Aesar is a leading manufacturer and supplier of research chemicals, metals and materials in a wide span of applications. For more than 0 years, scientists have relied on Alfa Aesar to supply high purity raw materials for a variety of research and development applications. Today we offer over,000 products in stock, in sizes from gram-scale catalog items to semibulk and bulk production quantities. With custom manufacturing capabilities to supply many more specialized items, we are a one-stop source for research chemicals, metals and materials. GLOBAL IVETORY The majority of our high purity metals and related products are available in research and development quantities from stock. We also supply most products from stock in semi-bulk or bulk quantities. Many are in regular production and are available in bulk for next day shipment. Our experience in manufacturing, sourcing and handling a wide range of metals enables us to respond quickly and efficiently to your needs. CUSTOM SYTESIS We offer flexible custom manufacturing services with the assurance of quality and confidentiality. We can deliver the chemical you need in sizes for research, pilot-scale and full-scale production applications. CUSTOMER SERVICE Our dedicated scientific and commercial teams offer full service from production to delivery. Most products are stocked in catalog pack sizes and the majority are available from stock in semi-bulk and bulk quantities as well. All specialty and bulk products are shipped with a batch specific certificate of analysis and material safety data sheet. Because we understand that specific packaging is often important, we offer custom packaging and labeling to meet your requirements. QUALITY COTROL We employ advanced quality control for both in-process and final product testing phases. The high standard of our modern quality control and assurance facilities is matched by the expertise of our experienced staff. www.alfa.com

Periodic Table of the Elements 1 IA 18 VIIIA 1.0079 1 1s 1 bp: -.87 C d: 0.089 g/l ydrogen IIA Visit Our Website at www.alfa.com 1 IIIA 1 IVA 1 VA 1 VIA 17 VIIA.000 e 1s bp: -8.9 C d: 0.179 g/l elium.91 Li [e] s 1 mp: 180. C d: 0. g /cc 9.0118 Be [e] s mp: 187 C d: 1.88 g /cc 10.811 B [e] s mp: 07 C p1 d:. g /cc 1.0107 C [e] s mp: 7 C p d:. g /cc 1.007 7 [e] s bp: -19.8 C p d: 1. g/l 1.999 8 O [e] s bp: -18.9 C p d: 1. g/l 18.9980 9 F [e] s bp: -188.1 C p d: 1.9 g/l 0.1797 10 e [e] s bp: -.1 C p d: 0.8999 g/l Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon itrogen Oxygen Fluorine eon.98979 11 a [e] s 1 mp: 97.7 C d: 0.98 g /cc Sodium Mg.00 1 [e] s mp: 0 C d: 1.78 g /cc Magnesium Periodic Table of Elements.9819 1 Al [e] s p1 mp: 0. C d:.70 g/cc Aluminum 8.08 1 Si [e] s p mp: 11 C d:. g/cc Silicon 0.977 1 P [e] s p mp:. C d: 1.8 g/cc Phosphorus.0 1 S [e] s p mp: 11.1 C d: 1.9 g/cc Sulfur. 17 Cl [e] s p bp: -.0 C d:.1 g/l Chlorine 9.98 18 Ar [e] s p bp: -18.8 C d: 1.78 g/l Argon IIIB IVB VB VIB 7 VIIB 8 VIII 9 VIII 10 VIII 11 IB 1 IIB 9.098 19 K[Ar] s 1 mp:. C d: 0.8 g/cc Potassium 0.078 0 Ca [Ar] s mp: 8 C d: 1. g /cc Calcium.991 1 Sc [Ar] d 1 s mp: 11 C d:.98 g /cc Scandium 7.87 Ti [Ar] d s mp: 18 C d:.07 g /cc Titanium 0.91 V [Ar] d s mp: 1910 C d:.11 g /cc Vanadium 1.991 Cr [Ar] d mp: 1907 C s1 d: 7.1 g /cc Chromium.980 Mn [Ar] d s mp: 1 C d: 7.7 g /cc Manganese.8 Fe [Ar] d s mp: 18 C d: 7.87 g/cc Iron 8.919 7 Co [Ar] d 7 s mp: 19 C d: 8.90 g/cc Cobalt 8.9 8 i [Ar] d 8 s mp: 1 C d: 8.908 g /cc ickel. 9 Cu [Ar] d10 s1 mp: 108 C d: 8.9 g/cc Copper.8 0 Zn [Ar] d10 s mp: 19. C d: 7.1 g /cc Zinc 9.7 1 Ga [Ar] d10 s p1 mp: 9.8 C d:.90 g /cc Gallium 7. Ge [Ar] d10 s p mp: 98. C d:. g/cc Germanium 7.910 As [Ar] d10 s p 817 C subl. d:.7 g /cc Arsenic 78.9 Se [Ar] d10 s p mp: 1 C d:.8 g/cc Selenium 79.90 Br [Ar] d10 s p bp: 9.7 C d:.1 g /cc Bromine 8.798 Kr [Ar] d10 s p bp: -17. C.7 g/l Krypton 8.78 7 Rb [Kr] s 1 mp: 9. C d: 1. g/cc Rubidium 87. 8 Sr [Kr] s mp: 777 C d:. g /cc Strontium 88.908 9 Y [Kr] d 1 s mp: 1 C d:.7 g /cc Yttrium 91. 0 Zr [Kr] d s mp: 18 C d:.1 g /cc Zirconium 9.908 1 b [Kr] d s1 mp: 77 C d: 8.7 g /cc iobium 9.9 Mo [Kr] d s1 mp: C d: 10.8 g /cc Molybdenum 98 Tc [Kr] d s mp: 17 C d: 11.0 g /cc Technetium 101.07 Ru [Kr] d 7 s1 mp: C d: 1.7 g /cc Ruthenium 10.900 Rh [Kr] d 8 s1 mp: 19 C d: 1. g /cc Rhodium 10. Pd [Kr] d 10 mp: 1.9 C d: 1.0 g /cc Palladium Ag 107.88 7 [Kr] d10 s1 mp: 91.8 C d: 10.9 g /cc Silver 11.11 8 Cd [Kr] d10 s mp: 1.1 C d: 8. g /cc Cadmium 11.818 9 In [Kr] d10 s p1 mp: 1. C d: 7.1 g /cc Indium 118.710 0 Sn [Kr] d10 s p mp: 1.9 C d: 7.1 g /cc Tin 11.70 1 Sb [Kr] d10 s p mp: 0. C d:.9 g/cc Antimony 17.0 Te [Kr] d10 s p mp: 9. C d:. g /cc Tellurium 1.907 I [Kr] d10 s p mp: 11.7 C d:.9 g /cc Iodine 11.9 Xe [Kr] d10 s p mp: -108 C d:.89 g/l Xenon 1.90 Cs [Xe] s 1 mp: 8. C d: 1.88 g /cc Cesium 17.7 Ba [Xe] s mp: 77 C d:.1 g /cc Barium 7-71 La- Lu 178.9 7 f [Xe] f 1ds mp: C d: 1.1 g /cc afnium 180.9788 7 Ta [Xe] f1 d s mp: 017 C d: 1. g /cc Tantalum 18.8 7 W [Xe] f1 d s mp: C d: 19. g /cc Tungsten 18.07 7 Re [Xe] f1 d s mp: 18 C d: 1.0 g /cc Rhenium 190. 7 Os [Xe] f1 d s mp: 0 C d:.1 g /cc Osmium 19.17 77 Ir [Xe] f1 d7 s mp: C d:. g/cc Iridium 19.08 78 Pt [Xe] f1 d9 s mp: 178. C d: 1.09 g/cc Platinum 19.99 79 Au [Xe] f1 d10 s1 mp: 10. C d: 19.0 g /cc Gold 00.9 g 80 [Xe] f 1 d10 s bp:.7 C d: 1. g/cc Mercury 0.8 81 Tl [Xe] f1 d10 sp1 mp: 0 C d: 11.8 g/cc Thallium 07. 8 Pb [Xe] f1 d10 s p mp: 7. C d: 11. g/cc Lead 08.9800 8 Bi [Xe] f1 d10 s p mp: 71. C d: 9.78 g /cc Bismuth [09] 8 Po [Xe] f1 d10 s p mp: C d: 9.0 g /cc Polonium [10] 8 At [Xe] f1 d10 s p mp: 0 C d: none Astatine [] 8 Rn [Xe] f1 d10 s p bp: -1.7 C d: 9.7 g /cc Radon [] 87 Fr [Rn] 7s 1 mp: 7 C d:.9 g /cc Francium [] 88 Ra [Rn] 7s mp: 700 C d:.00 g/cc Radium 89-10 Ac- Lr [1] 10 Rf [Rn] f1 d 7s mp: none d: none Rutherfordium [] 10 Db [Rn] f1 d 7s mp: none d: none Dubnium [] Sg 10 [Rn] f1 d 7s mp: none d: none Seaborgium [] 107 Bh [Rn] f1 d 7s mp: none d: none Bohrium [77] 108 s [Rn] f1 d 7s mp: none d: none assium [8] 109 Mt [Rn] f1 d7 7s mp: none d: none Meitnerium [71] 110 Ds [Rn] f1 d9 7s1 mp: none d: none Darmstadtium [7] Rg 111 [Rn] f1 d10 7s1 mp: none d: none Roentgenium [8] 11 Cn [Rn] f1 d10 7s mp: none d: none Copernicium Uut [8] 11 [Rn] f1 d10 7s 7p1 mp: none d: none Ununtrium [89] Fl 11 [Rn] f1 d10 7s 7p mp: none d: none Flerovium Uup [88] 11 [Rn] f1 d10 7s 7p mp: none d: none Ununpentium [9] 11 Lv [Rn] f1 d10 7s 7p mp: none d: none Livermorium ISO 9001:008 ISO 1001:00 BS OSAS 18001:007 Certified Key 1.0079 1 18.907 7 La [Xe] d 1 s mp: 90 C d:.1 g/cc 10.11 8 Ce [Xe] f1 d1 s mp: 79 C d:.9 g/cc 10.907 9 Pr [Xe] f mp: 9 C s d:. g /cc 1. 0 d [Xe] f mp: 10 C s d:.8 g/cc [1] 1 Pm [Xe] f mp: 1100 C s d: 7. g/cc 10. Sm [Xe] f mp: 107 C s d: 7. g/cc 11.9 Eu [Xe] f 7 mp: 8 C s d:. g/cc 17. Gd [Xe] f 7d1 s mp: 11 C d: 7.90 g /cc 18.9 Tb [Xe] f 9 mp: 1 C s d: 8. g/cc 1.00 Dy [Xe] f10 s mp: 107 C d: 8. g /cc 1.90 7 o [Xe] f11 s mp: 11 C d: 8.79 g/cc 17.9 8 Er [Xe] f1 s mp: 19 C d: 9.07 g /cc 18.91 9 Tm [Xe] f1 s mp: 1 C d: 9. g /cc 17.0 70 Yb [Xe] f1 s mp: 8 C d:.7 g /cc 17.98 71 Lu [Xe] f1 d s mp: 1 C 9.8 g/cc Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium eodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium olmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium 1s 1 bp: -9. C d: 0.088 g/l ydrogen [7] 89 Ac [Rn] d 1 7s mp: 100 C d: 10.07 g/cc.080 90 Th [Rn] d mp: 18 C 7s d: 11.7 g/cc 1.088 91 Pa [Rn] f d1 7s mp: 18 C d: 1.7 g/cc 8.0891 9 U [Rn] f d1 7s mp: 11. C d: 19.0 g/cc p [7] 9 [Rn] f d1 7s mp: 7 C d: 0. g/cc [] 9 Pu [Rn] f mp: 9. C 7s d: 19.81 g/cc [] 9 Am [Rn] f 7 mp: 117 C 7s d: 1.7 g /cc [7] 9 Cm [Rn] f 7d1 7s mp: 10 C d: 1.1 g/cc [7] 97 Bk [Rn] f 9 mp: 98 C 7s d: 1.78 g/cc [1] 98 Cf [Rn] f10 7s mp: 900 C d: 1.10 g /cc [] 99 Es [Rn] f11 7s mp: 80 C d: 8.8 g /cc [7] 100 Fm [Rn] f1 7s mp: 17 C d: none [8] 101 Md [Rn] f1 7s mp: 87 C d: none [9] 10 o [Rn] f1 7s mp: 87 C d: none [] 10 Lr [Rn] f1 d 7s mp: 17 C d: none Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium eptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium obelium Lawrencium Element Density Boiling or Melting Point in C Electron Configuration Symbol Atomic Weight Atomic umber

Abbreviations and Codes Å Angstrom AAS Atomic absorption spectrometry ACS Chemicals meeting the specifications outlined by the American Chemical Society AES Atomic emission spectrometry APS Average particle size anhy Anhydrous approx. Approximately aq. Aqueous Atm Atmospheres b.p. Boiling point in C at 70mm pressure, unless otherwise specified (c) Contained weight of active material C Celsius ca Circa cc Cubic centimeter cm Centimeter cont. Contained cp Centipoise cs Centistoke d. Density dec. Decomposes dia. Diameter ea. Each ee Enatiomeric excess ev Electron volt F Fahrenheit f.p. Flash point FSSS Fisher sub-sieve sizer F.W. Formula weight g Gram g/l Grams per liter (gas density) GC Gas chromotography GLC Suitable for use in gas liquid chromotography PLC igh-performance liquid chromotography ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma ID Inner diameter in Inch incl Includes IR Infrared J/mol.K Joule(s) per mole Kelvin kg Kilogram ku Kilounit L or l Liter lb Pound æ æg æm m M max meq Merck mg micron min. ml mm mmol Mn mol m.p. M.W. Mw Mw/Mn () Ë nm MR OD oz optical gr. pc(s) p POR ppb ppm prec. Primary Standard P.T. PTFE Purified P.V. Micro Microgram Micrometer (micron) Meter Molarity of solution Maximum Milliequivalent The Merck Index Milligram Micrometer Minimum Milliliter Millimeter Millimole umber averaged molecular weight Mole Melting point Molecular weight Weighted averaged molecular weight Monodispersity value ematic phase of a liquid crystal ormality of solution Refractive index for the sodium D line at 0 C (or temperature indicated) anometer ew product uclear magnetic resonance Outer diameter Ounce Suitable for optical applications Piece(s) Value taken to represent the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution Price on request Parts per billion Parts per million Precipitated Analytical reagent of exceptional purity, for standardizing volumetric solutions and preparing reference standards Passes test Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) A grade of higher quality than technical, often used where there are no official standards Pore volume Reagent Reagent grade REM Rare earth metal (REO) Rare earth oxide base - content of specific rare earth element in comparison to total rare earths present S.A. Surface area soln. Solution Sp.Gr. Specific gravity Sp.Rot. Specific rotation stab. Stabilized subl. Sublimes Tc Critical temperature tech. Technical grade TLC Thin-layer chromotography TSCA Toxic Substance Control Act U azardous material transportation identification number œ Wavelength in nanometers wt Weight w/w Weight/weight w/v Weight/volume XRD X-ray diffraction È Air sensitive É Moisture sensitive Ê ygroscopic ß Light sensitive Approximately > Greater than ² Greater than or equal to < Less than ³ Less than or equal to [ ] umbers in brackets after the chemical description indicate the Chemical Abstract Service Registry umber - mesh # 90% particles pass through screen having a given mesh size + mesh # 90% particles are retained by a screen having a given mesh size Ì Denotes substance is listed in Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) inventory

Glossary of Elemental Forms The various forms of an element appear in the order below. Special items specific to particular elements are noted before powders. For example, in the Gold (Au) listing, Bright Brushing Gold is listed before the powders. Bar a rectangular or cylindrical piece of material Cubes uniform sized, cubic shaped pieces of material Disc a cylindrical piece of material with a diameter much larger than the thickness Felt compressed, porous, nonwoven fabric Fiber a pure monofiliment form of solid material having an extremely high length to diameter ratio Flake powder with a flat, irregular shape Foil a thin sheet of pure material, 0.0mm Gauze a wire cloth material consisting of wires of a pure material woven into a grid having consistent Granules uniform, amorphous pieces of material Ingot a cast, usually rectangular piece of material Lump a solid piece of amorphous material, larger than a granule Microleaf an extremely thin layer of pure material on a temporary support 1micron thick Mossy pieces formed by dropping molten metal into water eedles uniform, elongated pieces of material Pellets somewhat regular shaped pieces of material Pieces solid pieces of material, larger than a granule Plate a sheet of fabricated pure material >mm thick Powder solid material with a very small particle size Ribbon a thin width of foil, offered in rolls of varying length Rod a uniform strand of a pure material having a diameter.0mm Shot spherical to semi Slugs short cylindrical pieces of material of varying lengths and diameters Spheres uniform sized, spherical pieces of material Splatter pieces formed by dropping molten metal onto a cooling surface Sputtering target a disc of high purity material used as an atomic sputtering source for ion bombardment Sponge pieces with a high surface area resulting from complex surface morphology Sticks rectangular pieces of a nonmetallic material Thinfoil a very thin sheet of unsupported pure material 1.1 Tubing a uniform strand of a pure material having a hollowed core Turnings small concentric shavings machined from a larger form Ultrathin foil an extremely thin sheet of pure material, supported or unsupported 1micron thick Wire a uniform strand of a pure material having a diameter.0mm Yarn a parallel collection of a definite number of fiber strands, usually three to several hundred

Bond Strengths Average bond energies, at º Diatomic Molecules Polyatomic Molecules kcal/mol kj/mol kcal/mol kj/mol 10. C 99 1 F F 7. 17 C C 8 7 Cl Cl 8.0 C C 1 10 Br Br. 19 C C 00 8 I I. 1 C O 8 9 F 1.9 8 C O 1 19 80 Cl 10.1 C O 1 9 Br 87. C O 17 7 I 71. 99 C O 179 78 O O 119.1 98 C 7 0.9 9 C 17 1 C 1 890 C F 11 8 C Cl 81 9 C Br 8 8 C I 1 1 O 111 O O 1 O Cl 17 O Br 8 01 9 89 9 1 O 1 100 18 O 1 0 S 8 9 S S

Typical Bond Lengths Typical Bond Lengths (in Å) C Bonds C C Bonds Other Bonds C 1.091 C C 1.1 C 1.7 C 1.101 C C 1.7 C 1.0 C 1.07 C C 1.0 C 1.1 C 1.070 C O 1. C 1.07 C O 1. C 1.0 C Cl 1.77 C Br 1.9 C I.1 1.0 O 0.97

Atomic Weights Based on the Atomic Mass 1 C = 17.90 ame Symbol Atomic Weight ame Symbol Atomic Weight ame Symbol Atomic Weight ame Symbol Atomic Weight Actinium Ac 7.078 Gadolinium Gd 17. Oxygen O 1.999 Tin Sn 118.9 Aluminum Al.981 Gallium Ga 9.7 Palladium Pd 10. Titanium Ti 7.90 Americium Am () Germanium Ge 7.9 Phosphorus P 0.978 Tungsten W 18.8 Antimony Sb 11.7 Gold Au 19.97 Platinum Pt 19.09 Uranium U 8.0 Argon Ar 9.98 afnium f 178.9 Plutonium Pu () Vanadium V 0.9 Arsenic As 7.91 elium e.00 Polonium Po (09) Xenon Xe 11.0 Astatine At (10) olmium o 1.90 Potassium K 9.1 Ytterbium Yb 17.0 Barium Ba 17. ydrogen 1.0079 Praseodymium Pr 10.907 Yttrium Y 88.90 Berkelium Bk (7) Indium In 11.8 Promethium Pm (1) Zinc Zn.7 Beryllium Be 9.01 Iodine I 1.90 Protactinium Pa 1.09 Zirconium Zr 91. Bismuth Bi 08.980 Iridium Ir 19. Radium Ra.0 Boron B 10.81 Iron Fe.87 Radon Rn () Bromine Br 79.90 Krypton Kr 8.80 Rhenium Re 18. Cadmium Cd 11.1 Lanthanum La 18.91 Rhodium Rh 10.90 Calcium Ca 0.08 Lawrencium Lr (0) Rubidium Rb 8.7 Californium Cf (1) Lead Pb 07.19 Ruthenium Ru 101.07 Carbon C 1.0111 Lithium Li.99 Samarium Sm 10. Cerium Ce 10.1 Lutetium Lu 17.97 Scandium Sc.9 Cesium Cs 1.90 Magnesium Mg.1 Selenium Se 78.9 Chlorine Cl. Manganese Mn.980 Silicon Si 8.08 Chromium Cr 1.99 Mendelevium Md (8) Silver Ag 107.870 Cobalt Co 8.9 Mercury g 00.9 Sodium a.9898 Copper Cu. Molybdenum Mo 9.9 Strontium Sr 87. Curium Cm (7) eodymium d 1. Sulfur S.0 Dysprosium Dy 1.0 eon e 0.18 Tantalum Ta 180.98 Einsteinium Es () eptunium p 7.08 Technetium Tc (98) Erbium Er 17. ickel i 8.71 Tellurium Te 17.0 Europium Eu 11.9 iobium b 9.90 Terbium Tb 18.9 Fermium Fm (7) itrogen 1.007 Thallium Tl 0.7 Fluorine F 18.998 obelium o (9) Thorium Th.08 Francium Fr () Osmium Os 190. Thulium Tm 18.9 A value in parentheses represents the atomic mass number of the radioisotope of longest known half-life.

Multiples of Element Weights C 1.01 C 0..7 O 8.00 (OC ).07 C.0 1.008.8 O.00 (OC ) 9.10 C.0.01.9 O 80.00 (OC ) 1.1 C 8.0.0 7 7.0 O 9.00 (OC ) 1.17 C 0.0.0 8 8.0 O 7 11.00 (OC ) 18.0 C 7.0.00 9 9.1 O 8 18.00 (OC ) 7 17. C 7 8.07.08 0 0. O 9 1.00 (OC ) 8 8.7 C 8 9.08 7 7.0 1 1. O 10 10.00 OC.0 C 9 108.09 8 8.0. 1.01 (OC ) 90.1 C 10 10.10 9 9.07. 8.0 (OC ) 1.18 C 11 1.11 10 10.08..0 (OC ) 180. C 1 1.1 11 11.09..0 (OC ).0 C 1 1.1 1 1.10.7 70.0 OCOC 9.0 C 1 18.1 1 1.10 7 7.8 8.0 (OCOC ) 118.09 C 1 180.1 1 1.11 8 8.8 S.0 (OCOC ) 177.1 C 1 19.1 1 1.1 9 9.9 S.1 (OCOC ).18 C 17 0.17 1 1.1 0 0.0 S 9.18 (OCOC ) 9. C 18 1.18 17 17.1 1 1.1 S 18. (OCOC ). C 19 8.19 18 18.1. F 19.00 (OCOC ) 7 1.1 C 0 0.0 19 19.1. F 8.00 (OCOC ) 8 7. C 1.1 0 0.1. F 7.00 (OCOC ) 9 1.0 C. 1 1.17. Cl. (OCOC ) 10 90. C 7..18. Cl 70.91 ( O) 0. 9.01 C 88..18 7 7. Cl 10.7 O 18.0 C 00..19 8 8. Cl 11.81 ( O) 1. 7.0 C 1..0 9 9.7 Cl 177.7 ( O).0 C 7.7.1 0 0.8 Br 79.90 ( O).0 C 8.8 7 7. 1 1.9 Br 19.81 ( O) 7.0 C 9 8.9 8 8..0 Br 9.71 ( O) 90.08 C 0 0.0 9 9..0 Br 19. ( O) 108.10 C 1 7.1 0 0..1 I 1.90 C 8. 1 1.. I.80 C 9.. O 1.00 I 80.70 C 08.. O.00 OC 1.0

Properties of Selected Elements Density Melting Point Boiling Point Element Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Bismuth Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Galllium Germanium Gold Indium Iron Lead Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum ickel iobium Selenium Silicon Silver Tellurium Tin Titanium Tungsten Vanadium Zinc Zirconium Symbol Al Sb As Be Bi B Cd Ca Cr Co Cu Ga Ge Au In Fe Pb Li Mg Mn g Mo i b Se Si Ag Te Sn Ti W V Zn Zr Atomic Weight.98 11.7 7.9 9.01 08.98 10.81 11.1 0.08.00 8.9. 9.7 7.9 19.97 11.8.8 07.19.9.1.9 00.9 9.9 8.70 9.91 78.9 8.08 107.87 17.0 118.9 7.88 18.8 0.9.8 91. g/cc.70.70.78 1.8 9.80. 8. 1. 7.19 8.90 8.9.91. 19.0 7.0 7.87 11. 0. 1.7 7.7 1. 10. 8.90 8.7.81. 10.0. 7.0.1 19..10 7.1.0 lbs./cu.in. 0.097 0.0 0.087 0.08 0.8 0.08 0.119 0.00 0.9 0.1 0. 0.1 0.190 0.97 0. 0.81 0.097 0.0191 0.08 0.97 0.891 0.89 0.1 0.09 0.17 0.081 0.790 0. 0. 0.18 0.99 0.0 0.77 0. F 10 118 101 0 17 10 1 07 7 198 8 1719 197 1 800 1 8 10 71-8 70 7 7 70 17 8 0 0 170 788 C 0 1 81 190 71 00 1 89 187 19 108 0 97 10 17 18 7 181 0 1-9 10 1 8 17 110 9 0 18 10 1900 0 18 F 1 889 119 018 87 71 11 70 8 198 7 1 17 7 198 18 8 0 80 7 1000 9 8901 1 9 1 1810 018 99 109 11 1 9 C 9 187 1 770 1 00 77 18 80 870 7 0 8 87 07 870 170 1 1107 09 7 0 70 97 8 80 19 988 770 87 700 80 90 700 Thermal *Conductivity 0.80 0.0 0.11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.08 0.1 0.71 0.07 0.0 0.08 0.17 0.7 0.18 0.0 0. 0. 0.1 0.001 0.0 1.0 0.01 0.1 0. 0.0 0.07 0.7 0.0 Elec.Cnd. %IACS.9.9.00 9. 1.0 7. 10.0 7. 17.9 8. 8. 0.9.0. 1. 10.0 1. 8.7.1 *cal./sq. cm/cm/sec/ c

Physical Properties of the Platinum Group Metals 1 Property Units Ru Rh Pd Os Ir Pt Atomic umber 7 77 78 Atomic Weight 101.07 10.90 10. 190. 19. 19.09 Crystal Structure a CP FCC FCC CP FCC FCC Lattice Constants a nm 0.708 0.801 0.8898 0.71 0.89 0.91 c nm 0.819 0.197 Atomic Radius nm 0.1 0.1 0.18 0.1 0.1 0.19 Density at C g cm - 1. 1.1 1.0.1. 1. Density at Melting Point g cm - 10.9 11.1 10. 0.1 0.0 19.8 Melting Point C 10 190 1 00 179 Boiling Point C 900 70 1 00 00 8 Ionization Potentials - 1st ev 7. 7. 8. 8.7 9. 9.0 nd ev 1.8 18.07 19. 17 18. rd ev 8. 1.0.9 8. th ev 8.8 1.1 Vapor Pressure at 000 C (est) nm.1.17 0.019 0.1 Specific heat at 0 C J/K/mole.09.91.99.11.98 Thermal Conductivity 0-100 C Watt/m/ C 10 10 7 87 18 7 Linear Coefficient of Thermal C -1 8X10 -b 11.7x10 -c x10 -b 8.9x10 -c Expansion Electrical Resistivity µω cm.80. 9. 8.1.71 9.8 Temperature Coefficient of Ω C -1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Resistance (0-100 C) ardness (Annealed - Vicker 0 101 1 >0 0 1 ardness umber) Tensile Strength ton in - 11 71 9 a CP = hexagonal close packed; FCC = face centered cubic b at 0 C c at C 1. Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals, ed. Frank R. artley (Oxford: Elsevier, 1991) 1-.

Mesh Size Conversion Table A + before the mesh size indicates the particles are retained on and are larger than the sieve. A - before the mesh size indicates the particles pass through and are smaller then the sieve. For example, - mesh indicates the particles pass through and are smaller than the openings of a mesh ( micron) sieve. Typically 90% or more of the particles will fall within the specified mesh. Mesh Size Approximate Micron Size Approximate Millimeters Inches 70.7 0.18. 0.11 8 80.8 0.09 1 180 1.8 0.0 1 1190 1.19 0.0 0 80 0.8 0.08 0 90 0.9 0.0 0 0 0. 0.01 0 97 0.9 0.011 0 0 0. 0.0097 70 10 0.1 0.008 80 177 0.17 0.009 100 19 0.1 0.008 10 10 0.10 0.001 00 7 0.07 0.009 0 0.0 0.00 70 0.0 0.001 0.0 0.0017 00 7 0.0 0.001 0 0.0 0.0008 10 10 0.01 0.000 00 0.00 0.000

MOS Scale of ardness 1 Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Orthoclase 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond

Wire Gauge Dimension Conversion Charts AWG; B&S Gauge o. 0000000 000000 00000 0000 000 00 0 1 7 8 9 10 11 1 1 1 1 1 17 18 19 0 1 7 8 9 0 Inches 0.80000 0.100 0.0000 0.09 0.79 0.81 0.8997 0.77 0.9 0.007 0.18190 0.10 0.18 0.1890 0.11 0.101897 0.0907 0.080808 0.0719 0.008 0.0708 0.0081 0.07 0.000 0.0890 0.0191 0.08 0.0 0.07 0.00101 0.017900 0.0191 0.0119 0.011 0.0117 0.0100 Inches 0.00001 0.0000 0.0001 0.000 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.01 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.070 0.080 0.090 0.100 0.1 0.10 0.0 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.0 Millimeters 0.000 0.0017 0.00 0.017 0.0 0.00 0.07 0.101 0.170 0.1 0.1778 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.810 0.080 0.0 0.70 0.8890 1.01 1.1 1.70 1. 1.778.0.8.0.17.810.080.0 7.0 10.10 1.700 19.00.0 0.80 AWG; B&S Gauge o. 0000000 Inches Inches 0.00001 Millimeters 0.000 9 0 1 7 8 9 0 0.0117 0.0100 0.00898 0.00790 0.007080 0.000 0.001 0.00000 0.00 0.009 0.001 0.001 1.0 7 8 9 10 11 1.0 0.80 7.0 101.0 17.00 1.0 177.80 0.0 8.0.00 79.0 0.80

Crystal Structure and Atomic Radius (nm) Crystal Structure Atomic Radius(nm) 0.0 Li bodycentered cubic 0.17 a bodycentered cubic 0.19 K bodycentered cubic 0.8 Rb bodycentered cubic 0.1 Cs bodycentered cubic 0.7 Fr 0.7 Be close-packedstructure 0.11 Mg close-packedstructure 0.1 Ca face-centered cubic 0.197 Sr face-centered cubic 0.1 Ba bodycentered cubic 0. Ra 0. Sc close-packedstructure 0.1 Y close-packedstructure 0.181 Ti close-packedstructure 0.17 Zr close-packedstructure 0.1 f close-packedstructure 0.19 Rf V bodycentered cubic 0.1 b bodycentered cubic 0.17 Ta bodycentered cubic 0.17 Cr bodycentered cubic 0.18 Mo bodycentered cubic 0.1 W bodycentered cubic 0.11 Db Mn bodycentered cubic 0.11 Tc 0.1 Re close-packedstructure 0.18 Sg Fe bodycentered cubic 0.18 Crystal Structure Atomic Radius(nm) Ru close-packedstructure 0.1 Os close-packedstructure 0.1 Bh Co close-packedstructure 0.1 Rh face-centered cubic 0.1 Ir face-centered cubic 0.1 s i face-centered cubic 0.1 Pd face-centered cubic 0.17 Pt face-centered cubic 0.18 Mt Ag face-centered cubic 0.1 Au face-centered cubic 0.1 Ds Cu face-centered cubic 0.18 Cd close-packedstructure 0.1 g rhombohedral crystal 0.1 Rg B Tetragonal System 0.097 Al face-centered cubic 0.1 Zn close-packedstructure 0.17 In face-centered cubic 0.17 Tl close-packedstructure 0.171 Cp C hexagonal crystal/carbite 0.077 Si carbite 0.117 Ga Tetragonal System 0.1 Sn Tetragonal System 0.18 Pb face-centered cubic 0.17 0.071 P 0.109 Crystal Structure Ge carbite 0.19 Sb rhombohedral crystal 0.11 Bi rhombohedral crystal 0.18 O 0.0 S 0.10 As rhombohedral crystal 0.1 Te hexagonal crystal 0.1 Po 0.1 F 0.071 Cl 0.107 Se hexagonal crystal 0.11 I 0.18 At e 0.18 e 0.18 Ar 0.191 Br 0.119 Xe 0.18 Rn 0.1 La close-packedstructure/ face-centered cubic Atomic Radius(nm) 0.187 Ce face-centered cubic 0.18 Pr close-packedstructure 0.18 d close-packedstructure 0.18

eterocycle Ring umbering Furan Thiophene -Pyrrole Pyrrole -Pyrroline -Pyrroline Pyrrolidine 1,-Dioxolane Oxazole Thiazole Imidazole -Imidazoline Imidazolidine Pyrazole -Pyrazoline Pyrazolidine Isoxazole Isothiazole 1,,-Oxadiazole 1,,-Triazole 1,,-Thiadiazole -Pyran -Pyran Pyridine Piperidine 1,-Dioxane Morpholine 1,-Dithiane Thiomorpholine Pyridazine Pyrimidine Pyrazine Piperazine 1,,-Triazine 1,,-Trithiane Benzofuran Indole Purine Quinoline Coumarin Carbazole O 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 O O 1 O 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 1 S 1 O 1 1 S 1 O 1 O 1 1 1 O O 1 O 1 S S 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 S S S 1 7 O 1 7 1 1 7 8 9 7 8 1 7 8 O 1 O 9a 9a a a b b 8a 8a 9 1 8 7

umerical Prefixes umerical Prefixes Used in Chemical ames umeral Prefix umeral Prefix 1/ hemi- 1 heneicosa- 1 mono- docosa- 1-1/ sesqui- tricosa- di-, bi- tetracosa- -1/ hemipenta- pentacosa- tri- hexacosa- tetra- 7 heptacosa- penta- 8 octacosa- hexa- 9 nonacosa- 7 hepta- 0 triaconta- 8 octa- 0 tetraconta- 9 ennea-, nona- 0 pentaconta- 10 deca- 0 hexaconta- 11 hendeca-, undeca- 70 heptaconta- 1 dodeca- 80 octaconta- 1 trideca- 90 nonaconta- 1 tetradeca- 100 hecta- 1 pentadeca- 101 henhecta- 1 hexadeca- 10 dohecta- 17 heptadeca- 110 decahecta- 18 octadeca- 10 eicosahecta- 19 nonadeca- 00 dicta- 0 eicosa-

Temperature Conversions The general arrangement of this table was devised by Sauveur and Boylston. The middle column of gures contains the reading ( F or C) to be converted. Of converting from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade, read the Centigrade equivalent in the column headed C. If converting from Centigrade to Fahrenheit, read the Fahrenheit equivalent in the column headed F. C = /9 ( F - ). F C.0 0-17.78. -1.7 9. -1..8-1.. 8-1. 0.0 10-1.. 1-11.11 7. 1-10.00 0.8 1-8.89. 18-7.78 8.0 0 -. 71. -. 7. -. 78.8 -. 8. 8 -. 8.0 0-1.10 89. 0.00 9. 1.11 9.8. 100. 8. 10.0 0. 107.. 111.. 11.8 7.78 118. 8 8.89 1.0 0 10.00 1. 11.11 19. 1.1 1.8 1. 1. 8 1. 10.0 0 1. 1. 1.7 17. 17.78 10.8 18.89 1. 8 0.00 18.0 70 1.11 11. 7. 1. 7. 18.8 7. 17. 78. 17.0 80.7 179. 8 7.78 18. 8 8.89 18.8 8 0.00 190. 88 1.11 19.0 90. 197. 9. 01. 9. 0.8 9. 08. 98.7 1.0 100 7.78 1. 10 8.89 19. 10 0.00.8 10 1.11. 108. 0.0 110.. 11. 7. 11. 0.8 11.7. 118 7.78 8.0 10 8.89 1. 1 0.00. 1 1.11 8.8 1.. 18..0 10. F C 9. 1. 7. 1.7 7.8 1 7.78 80. 18 8.89 8.0 10 0.00 87. 1 1.11 91. 1. 9.8 1. 98. 18. 0.0 10. 0. 1.7 09. 1 7.78 1.8 1 8.89 1. 18 70.00 0.0 10 71.11. 1 7. 7. 1 7. 0.8 1 7.. 18 7. 8.0 170 7.7 1. 17 77.78. 17 78.89 8.8 17 80.00. 178 81.11.0 180 8. 9. 18 8.. 18 8..8 18 8. 70. 188 8.7 7.0 190 87.78 77. 19 88.89 81. 19 90.00 8.8 19 91.11 88. 198 9. 9.0 00 9. 9. 0 9. 99. 0 9. 0.8 0 9.7 0. 08 97.78 10.0 10 98.89 1. 1 100.00 17. 1 101.11 0.8 1 10.. 18 10. 8.0 0 10. 1. 10.. 10.7 8.8 107.78. 8 108.89.0 0 110.00 9. 111.11. 11..8 11. 0. 8 11..0 0 11. 7. 11.7 71. 117.78 7.8 118.89 78. 8 10.00 8.0 0 11.11 8. 1. 89. 1. 9.8 1. 9. 8 1. 00.0 0 1.7 0. 17.78 F C 07. 18.89 10.8 10.00 1. 8 11.11 18.0 70 1. 1. 7 1.. 7 1. 8.8 7 1.. 78 1.7.0 80 17.78 9. 8 18.89. 8 10.00.8 8 11.11 0. 88 1..0 90 1. 7. 9 1. 1. 9 1..8 9 1.7 8. 98 17.78 7.0 00 18.89 7. 0 10.00 79. 0 11.11 8.8 0 1. 8. 08 1. 90.0 10 1. 9. 1 1. 97. 1 1.7 00.8 1 17.78 0. 18 18.89 08.0 0 10.00 11. 11.11 1. 1. 18.8 1.. 8 1..0 0 1. 9. 1.7. 17.78.8 18.89 0. 8 170.00.0 0 171.11 7. 17. 1. 17..8 17. 8. 8 17..0 0 17.7. 177.78 9. 178.89 7.8 180.00 7. 8 181.11 80.0 0 18. 8. 18. 87. 18. 90.8 18. 9. 8 18.7 98.0 70 187.78 701. 7 188.89 70. 7 190.00 708.8 7 191.11 71. 78 19. 71.0 80 19. 719. 8 19. 7. 8 19. 7.8 8 19.7 70. 88 197.78 7.0 90 198.89 77. 9 00.00 71. 9 01.11 F C 7.8 9 0. 78. 98 0. 7.0 00 0. 7. 0 0. 79. 0 0.7 7.8 0 07.78 7. 08 08.90 770.0 10 10.00 77. 1 11.11 777. 1 1. 780.8 1 1. 78. 18 1. 788.0 0 1. 791. 1.7 79. 17.78 798.8 18.89 80. 8 0.00 80.0 0 1.11 809.. 81.. 81.8. 80. 8. 8.0 0.7 87. 7.78 81. 8.89 8.8 0.00 88. 8 1.11 8.0 0. 8.. 89.. 8.8. 8. 8.7 80.0 0 7.78 8. 8.89 87. 0.00 870.8 1.11 87. 8. 878.0 70. 881. 7. 88. 7. 888.8 7.7 89. 78 7.78 89.0 80 8.89 899. 8 0.00 90. 8 1.11 90.8 8. 910. 88. 91.0 90. 917. 9. 91. 9.7 9.8 9 7.78 98. 98 8.89 9.0 00 0.00 9. 0 1.11 99. 0. 9.8 0. 9. 08. 90.0 10. 9. 1.7 97. 1 7.78 90.8 1 8.89 9. 18 70.00 98.0 0 71.11 971. 7. 97. 7. 978.8 7. Temperature conversions F C 98. 8 7. 98.0 0 7.7 989. 77.78 99. 78.89 99.8 80.00 1000. 8 81.11 100.0 0 8. 1007. 8. 1011. 8. 101.8 8. 1018. 8 8.7 10.0 0 87.78 100.0 0 9. 108.0 70 98.89 107.0 80 0. 109.0 90 10.00 111.0 00 1. 110.0 10 1.11 118.0 0.7 11.0 0. 118.0 0 7.78 10.0 0. 10.0 0 8.89 18.0 70. 1.0 80 0.00 17.0 90. 19.0 700 71.11 110.0 710 7.7 18.0 70 8. 1.0 70 87.78 1.0 70 9. 18.0 70 98.89 100.0 70 0. 118.0 770 10.00 1.0 780 1. 1.0 790 1.11 17.0 800.7 190.0 810. 108.0 80 7.7 1.0 80. 1.0 80 8.89 1.0 80. 180.0 80 0.00 198.0 870. 11.0 880 71.11 1.0 890 7.7 1.0 900 8. 170.0 910 87.78 188.0 90 9. 170.0 90 98.89 17.0 90 0. 17.0 90 10.00 170.0 90 1. 1778.0 970 1.11 179.0 980.7 181.0 990. 18.0 1000 7.78 180.0 1010. 188.0 100 8.89 188.0 100. 190.0 100 0.00 19.0 100. 190.0 100 71.11 198.0 1070 7.7 197.0 1080 8. 199.0 1090 87.78 01.0 1100 9. 00.0 1110 98.89 08.0 110 0. 0.0 110 10.00 08.0 110 1. F C 10.0 110 1.11 10.0 110.7 18.0 1170. 1.0 1180 7.78 17.0 1190. 19.0 100 8.89 10.0 110. 8.0 10 0.00.0 10..0 10 71.11 8.0 10 7.7 00.0 10 8. 18.0 170 87.78.0 180 9..0 190 98.89 7.0 100 70. 90.0 110 710.00 08.0 10 71..0 10 71.11.0 10 7.7.0 10 7. 80.0 10 77.78 98.0 170 7. 1.0 180 78.89.0 190 7..0 100 70.00 70.0 110 7. 88.0 10 771.11 0.0 10 77.7.0 10 78..0 10 787.78 0.0 10 79. 78.0 170 798.89 9.0 180 80. 71.0 190 810.00 7.0 100 81. 70.0 110 81.11 78.0 10 8.7 78.0 10 8. 80.0 10 87.78 8.0 10 8. 80.0 10 88.89 88.0 170 8. 87.0 180 80.00 89.0 190 8. 91.0 100 871.11 90.0 110 87.7 98.0 10 88. 9.0 10 887.78 98.0 10 89. 00.0 10 898.89 00.0 10 90. 08.0 170 910.00 0.0 180 91. 07.0 190 91.11 09.0 1700 9.7 110.0 1710 9. 18.0 170 97.78 1.0 170 9. 1.0 170 98.89 18.0 170 9. 00.0 170 90.00 18.0 1770 9..0 1780 971.11.0 1790 97.7 7.0 1800 98. 90.0 1810 987.78 08.0 180 99..0 180 998.89.0 180 100..0 180 1010.0 F C 80.0 180 101. 98.0 1870 101.1 1.0 1880 10.7.0 1890 10..0 1900 107.8 70.0 1910 10. 88.0 190 108.9 0.0 190 10..0 190 100.0.0 190 10. 0.0 190 1071.1 78.0 1970 107.7 9.0 1980 108. 1.0 1990 1087.8.0 000 109. 0.0 010 1098.9 8.0 00 110. 8.0 00 1110.0 70.0 00 111. 7.0 00 111.1 70.0 00 11.7 78.0 070 11. 77.0 080 117.8 79.0 090 11. 81.0 100 118.9 80.0 110 11. 88.0 10 110.0 8.0 10 11. 88.0 10 1171.1 90.0 10 117.7 90.0 10 118. 98.0 170 1187.8 9.0 180 119. 97.0 190 1198.9 99.0 00 10. 010.0 10 110.0 08.0 0 11. 0.0 0 11.1 0.0 0 1.7 08.0 0 1. 100.0 0 17.8 118.0 70 1. 1.0 80 18.9 1.0 90 1. 17.0 00 10.0 190.0 10 1. 08.0 0 171.1.0 0 17.7.0 0 18..0 0 187.8 80.0 0 19. 98.0 70 198.9 1.0 80 10..0 90 110.0.0 00 11. 70.0 10 11.1 88.0 0 1.7 0.0 0 1..0 0 17.8.0 0 1. 0.0 0 18.9 78.0 70 1. 9.0 80 10.0 1.0 90 1..0 00 171.1 0.0 10 17.7 8.0 0 18. 8.0 0 187.8 0.0 0 19..0 0 198.9 0.0 0 10. F C 8.0 70 110.0 7.0 80 11. 9.0 90 11.1 71.0 00 1.7 70.0 10 1. 78.0 0 17.8 7.0 0 1. 78.0 0 18.9 80.0 0 1. 80.0 0 10.0 88.0 70 1. 8.0 80 171.1 87.0 90 17.7 89.0 700 18. 910.0 710 187.8 98.0 70 19. 9.0 70 198.9 9.0 70 10. 98.0 70 110.0 000.0 70 11. 018.0 770 11.1 0.0 780 1.7 0.0 790 1. 07.0 800 17.8 090.0 810 1. 108.0 80 18.9 1.0 80 1. 1.0 80 10.0 1.0 80 1. 180.0 80 171.1 198.0 870 17.7 1.0 880 18..0 890 187.8.0 900 19. 70.0 910 198.9 88.0 90 10. 0.0 90 110.0.0 90 11..0 90 11.1 0.0 90 1.7 78.0 970 1. 9.0 980 17.8 1.0 990 1..0 000 18.9 0.0 010 1. 8.0 00 10.0 8.0 00 1. 0.0 00 171.1.0 00 17.7 0.0 00 18. 8.0 070 187.8 7.0 080 19. 9.0 090 198.9 1.0 100 170. 70.0 10 17. 79.0 00 170.0 88.0 0 1787.7 97.0 00 181. 0.0 0 18. 1.0 00 1871.1.0 0 1898.8.0 00 19..0 0 19. 1.0 00 198. 0.0 0 010.0

Metric Conversion Factors To convert from angstrom atm Btu(b) Btu(b)/ft h Btu(b)/ft h F Btu(b) ft/h ft F Btu(b)/ft s Btu(b) in/ft h F Btu(b) in/s ft F Btu(b)/lbm F cal(b) cal(b)/cm s C cal(b)/g cal(b)/g C circ mil C degree dyne/cm F F ft ft ft ft of water(c) ft /h (thermal diffusivity) ft lbf ft lbf/s ft/s gauss gallon(d) g/cm g/cm To m Pa J W/m W/m K W/m K W/m W/m K W/m K J/kg K J W/m K J/kg J/kg K m K rad Pa C K m m m Pa m /s J W m/s T m kg/m Mg/m Multiply by 1.0000 10-10 (a) 1.01 x 10 1.0 x 10.1.7 1.79 1.1 x 10 1.1 x 10-1.1887 x 10.180 x 10.180(a).180 x 10 (a).180 x 10 (a).180 x 10 (a).071 x 10-10 t K = t C + 7.1 1.7 x 10-1.0000 x 10-1 (a) t C = (t F + )/1.8 t K = t F + 9.7)/1.8.080 x 10-1 9.90 x 10 -.817 x 10 -.9890 x 10.80 x 10 - (a) 1.8 1.8.080 x 10-1 1.0000 x 10 - (a).78 x 10-1.0000 x 10 (a) 1.0000(a) To convert from hp(e) hp(f) in. in. in. in. of g(g) in. of water(c) K kgf kgf/mm ksi ksi ksi in. lb(h) lb/in. lbf lbf in. lbf ft MPa m µin. mil /m oersted oz/ft psi R ton(j) ton(k) ton/in. tonne torr Ω/circ mil ft To W W m m m Pa Pa C Pa MPa Pa MPa m kg kg/m m m Mm -/ m m Pa A/m kg/m Pa K kg kg Pa kg Pa Ω m Multiply by 7.70 10 7.00 x 10.00 x 10 -.1 x 10-1.87 x 10 -.8 x 10.908 x 10 t C = t K - 7.1 9.80(a) 9.80 x 10 (a).898.898 x 10 1.089.9 x 10-1.780 x 10.8 1.198 x 10-1 1.8 1.0000(a).00 x 10 8 (a).00 x 10 - (a) 1.0000(a) 79.78.01 x 10-1.898 x 10 t K = t R /1.8 9.0718 x 10 1.010 x 10 1.78 x 10 1.0000 x 10 (a) 1. x 10 1. x 10-9 (a) Exactly. (b) Thermochemical. (c) At C (9. F). (d) U.S. liquid. (e) Mechanical (1 hp = 0 ft lbf/s). (f) Electrical. (g) At 0 C ( F). (h) Avoirdupois. (j) Short; equal to 000 lbm. (k) Long; 0 lbm.

Common Conversion Factors To convert from Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Atmospheres Btu Calories, gram Centimeters Centimeters Cubic cm Cubic cm Cubic cm Cubic cm Cubic ft Cubic ft Cubic ft Cubic ft Cubic in. (U.S.) Cubic in. (U.S.) Cubic yd (U.S.) Cubic yd of sand Feet (U.S.) Feet (U.S.) Gallons (U.S.) Gallons (U.S.) Gallons (U.S.) Gallons (U.S.) Grams Grams orsepower orsepower Inches (U.S.) To cm of g at 0 C gm/cm inches of g at F lb/in. calories (gram) Btu angstrom units feet cubic inches gallons (U.S.) ounces (U.S. fluid) pints (U.S. fluid) cubic cm cubic meters gallons (U.S.) liters cubic cm liters cubic meters pounds centimeters meters cubic centimeters cubic feet cubic inches liters ounces (avoir.) pounds (avoir.) Btu (mean)/min calories, log (mean)/min angstrom units Multiply by 7 10. 9.91 1.9.98 x 10-1 x 10 8 0.0808 0.010.17 x 10-0.081 0.0011 817 0.08 7.81 8.1 1.87 0.0187 0.7 700 0.8 0.08 78. 0.18 1.78 0.07 0.000.18 10.88.00 x 10 8 To convert from Inches Inches of g at C Inches of g at C Inches of water at 9. F Kilograms Kilograms Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Meters Meters Meters Microns Microns Microns Microns Millimeters Millimeters Millimeters Ounces (avoir.) Ounces (U.S. fluid) Ounces (U.S. fluid) Ounces (U.S. fluid) Pints (U.S. liquid) Pints (U.S. liquid) Pounds (avoir.) Square cm Square in. (U.S.) Years (leap) To mils atomospheres feet of water at 9.1 F inches of g ounces (avoir.) pounds (avoir.) cubic feet gallons (U.S.) ounces (U.S. fluid) pints (U.S. fluid) quarts (U.S. fluid) angstrom units feet (U.S.) inches (U.S.) angstrom units inches millimeters mils inches (U.S.) microns mils grams cubic cm cubic in. liters cubic cm liters grams square in. square cm hours Multiply by 1000 0.01 1.199 0.07.7.0 0.01 0..81.11 1.08 1 x 10 10.808 9.700 1 x 10.97 x 10-0.001 0.097 0.097 1000 9.7 8.9 9.77 1.807 0.097 7.179 0.718.9 0.10.1 878

Physical Constants ame and symbol Value and units Velocity of light, c.99790 x 10 10 cm/s Planck constant, h.77 x 10-7 erg s/molecule Avogadro constant,.080 x 10 molecule mol Faraday constant, F 9.9.1 C/equivalent Absolute temperature of ice point, T (0 C) 7.1 K Pressure-volume product for 1 mol of gas at 0 C and zero pressure (PV) P = 0; T = 0 C 71.1 J/mol Gas constant P = 0 8.19 J/mol R = (PV)T = 0 C 1.987 cal/mol T (0 C) Boltzmann constant 1.801 x 10 1 erg/molecule k = R/ 11.9171 Jcm/mol Constant relating wave number and energy Z = hc.88917 cal cm/mole Standard atmosphere, atm 1,01,0 dynes/cm Thermocalorical calorie.180 J (exact)

Characteristic Proton MR Chemical Shifts Characteristic Proton MR Chemical Shifts Group Methyl Í ppm Group Methylene Í ppm Group Methyne Í ppm Group Others Í ppm C C 0.9 C C 1. C C 1. 1- C C C 1. C C C.0 C C C. OR 1- O O O C C.1 C C. C C. C C. C R. C R. C R.9 C C. C Ar. C Ar. C Ar.0 Ar 7. O C Br.7 C Br. C Br.1 C 10 O C Cl.1 C Cl. C Cl.1 OC 9-1 C O. C O. C O.7 C +.9

Concentrations of Commonly Used Laboratory Reagents Concentrations of Commonly Used Laboratory Reagents Reagent Specific Gravity Approx. % Acid or Base Present in Concentrated Reagent (by weight) Weight of Acid of base (gms) in Solution per liter of Reagent (Ave.) Molecular Weight ormality of Concentrated Reagent ydrochloric Acid 1.18 7.0. 11. itric Acid 1. 70.0 989.0 1 Perchloric Acid 1.7 70.0 119 100. 11. Sulfuric Acid 1.8 9.0 177 98.08 Phosphoric Acid 1.9 8.0 1 98.00 Formic Acid 1.0 90.0 108.0 Glacial Acetic Acid 1.0 99. 10 0.0 17. Ammonium ydroxide 0.90 8 ( O) 9 ( ).0 1

Solvent Selection Guide Solvent ACS PLC Spectrophotometric Semiconductor Acetone 098 98 1 199 eptanes XX 911 1 Acetonitrile 97 70 exanes 1 9199 Benzene 90 919 91 Isobutanol 908 1-Butanol 108 9 Isopropanol 90 919 -Butanone (MEK) 9119 9 Methanol, absolute low acetone 171 1997 n-butylacetate XX 9197 199 Methanol, ultrapure XX 909 199 Carbon disulfide 978 899 -Methoxyethanol 17 Carbon disulfide (low benzene) XX 1-Methyl--pyrrolidinone 89 898 917 Chlorobenzene 01 9 91 Pentane XX 907 9 Chloroform 1 90 1-Propanol 88 9 9 Cyclohexane 8 919 -Propanol 90 919 1997 Cyclohexanone 09 Pyridine 1978 90 1,-Dichlorobenzene XX 198 1 Tetrachloroethylene XX 7 1,-Dichloroethane 911 918 Tetrahydrofuran, UV 070 90 8 Dichloromethane 911 917 0 Tetrahydrofuran, non UV XX 899 Dimethylacetamide XX 91 Toluene 17 90 197 1999,-Dimethylformamide 9117 91 1808 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Dimethylsulfoxide 80 91 1,,-Trichlorobenzene XX 1990 p-dioxane 9118 91 1,1,1-Trichloroethylene 1901 87 97 Ethanol (anhydrous) 1 90 91,,-Trimethylpentane 1787 901 Diethyl ether 8990 097 Water 9 1991 Ether, petroleum 08 898 o-xylene XX 90 71 Ethyl acetate 1 91 9177 Xylenes 171 190 Glycerol, ultrapure 8988 0 xx= o ACS specifications published per ACS Committee on analytical reagents Solvent ACS PLC Spectrophotometric Semiconductor

Solvents and Baths for eating and Cooling System C System C p-xylene/ 1 Carbitol acetate/co -7 p-dioxane/ 1 t-butyl amine/ -8 Cyclohexane/ Ethanol/CO -7 Benzene/ Trichloroethylene/ -7 Formamide/ Butyl acetate/ -77 Aniline/ - Isoamyl acetate/ -79 Cycloheptane/ -1 Acrylonitrile/ -8 Benzonitrile/ -1 Sulfur dioxide/co -8 Ethylene glycol/co -1 Ethyl acetate/ -8 o-dichlorobenzene/ -18 Ethyl methyl ketone/ -8 Tetrachloroethane/ - Acrolein/ -88 Carbon tetrachloride/ - itroethane/ -90 Carbon tetrachloride/co - eptane/ -91 m-dichlorobenzene/ - Cyclopentane/ -9 itromethane/ -9 exane/ -9 o-xylene/ -9 Toluene/ -9 Bromobenzene/ -0 Methanol/ -98 Iodobenzene/ -1 Diethyl ether/co -100 Thiophene/ -8 n-propyl iodide/ -101 -eptanone/co -8 n-butyl iodide/ -10 Acetonitrile/ -1 Cyclohexene/ -10 Pyridine/ - Isooctane/ -107 Acetonitrile/CO - Ethyl iodide/ -109 Chlorobenzene/ - Carbon disulfide/ -110 Cyclohexanone/CO - Butyl bromide/ -11 m-xylene/ -7 Ethyl bromide/ -119 n-butyl amine/ -0 Acetaldehyde/ -1 Diethyl carbitol/co - Methyl cyclohexane/ -1 n-octane/ - n-pentane/ -11 Chloroform/CO -1 (-77) I,-exadiene/ -11 Chloroform/ - i-pentane/ -10 Methyl iodide/ -

Standard Selection Guide Element, matrix AAS Standard 1000 ppm Plasma Standard 10 ppm Plasma Standard 1000 ppm Plasma Standard 10,000 ppm Aluminum, Cl 7-18 10 Aluminum, O - - 877 871 Antimony, Cl 8-1818 187 Antimony, O/tartaric acid/tr. O - - 18 18 Arsenic, O 9 18 19 Barium, O 880 7 187 1 Beryllium, O 880 8 188 10 Bismuth, O 880 9 18 188 Boron, O - - 189 170 Boron, O 880-917 - Cadmium, O 880 0 181 1 Calcium, O 8807-18 107 Carbon, O - - 18 189 Cerium, O 00-181 171 Cesium, O 8808-18 1 Chromium, Cl 8809-18 108 Chromium, O - 1 878 87 Cobalt, O 8800 188 190 Copper, O 8801 187 17 Dysprosium, O 880-188 1 Erbium, O 880-1877 109 Europium, O 880-7 71 Gadolinium, O 880-189 17 Gallium, O /tr. Cl 880-189 17 Germanium, O /tr. F 8807 181 110 Germanium, O/tr F - - - Gold, Cl 8808-1881 19 afnium, Cl 8809-18 17 olmium, O 88070 7 7 Indium, O 88071 18 111 Iridium, Cl 8807-71 7 Iron, O 8807-180 17 Lanthanum, O 8807-1870 19 Lead, O 8807 7 18 11 Lithium, O 8807-181 19 Lutetium, O 8988-7 77 Magnesium, O 88077-181 10 Manganese, O 88078 8 18 11 Mercury, O 88079 9 18 19 Molybdenum, O /tr. F 7 0 78 7 Molybdenum, O 8719 87 Element, matrix AAS Standard 1000 ppm Plasma Standard 10 ppm Plasma Standard 1000 ppm Plasma Standard 10,000 ppm eodymium, O 88081 81 188 11 ickel, O 8808 1 189 11 iobium, F 8808-181 19 iobium, O/tr. F- - - Osmium, Cl 9-1871 - Palladium, Cl 8808-18 1 Palladium, O - 1 - Palladium, O - - Phosphorus, O 89887-70 71 Platinum, Cl 8808-187 197 Potassium, O 88087-18 179 Praseodymium, O 88088-181 1 Rhenium, O 88089-1817 11 Rhodium, Cl 88090 0 7 7 Rubidium, O 88091-187 180 Ruthenium, Cl 89117-77 77 Samarium, O 8809-18 117 Scandium, O 8809 79 7 Selenium, O 8809 18 181 Silicon, O /tr. F 8809-181 1 Silicon, O/tr. F- - - 8717 87 Silver, O 8809 189 118 Sodium, O 88097-18 100 Strontium, O 88098-187 18 Sulfur, O 98-18 1 Tantalum, F 89888-180 119 Tantalum, O/tr. F- - - Tellurium, Cl 88099-1879 101 Tellurium, O - - Terbium, O 88110 180 18 Thallium, O 88111-181 17 Thulium, O 89889-18 10 Tin, Cl 8811-18 18 Titanium, O /tr. 771 7 78 79 Titanium, O/tr. F- - - 870 87 Tungsten, O /tr. 70-770 77 Tungsten, O - - 8 9 Vanadium, O 8811-180 18 Ytterbium, O 89890-1819 19 Yttrium, O 88117 8 18 1 Zinc, O 88118 9 18 10 Zirconium, Cl 88119-187 18

p Indicator 1 7 8 9 10 11 1 1 1 Increasingly acidic Increasingly alkaline Strong acid Weak acid eutral Weak alkali Strong alkali

Molecular Sieve Selection Guide Basic Type ominal Pore - Diameter in Ångstroms Form Alfa Aesar Item umber Bulk Density in g/ml Equilibrium Water Adsorption Capacity % wt* Equilibrium CO Adsorption Capacity % wt Crush Strength () A Powder B11 0.8 00 Molecules with an effective 0.-0.8mm (0.0-0.0in) beads 1-mm (0.0-0.08in) L08 L0 0.71 0.71 0 0 1. 1. 1 diameter < Ångstroms, including water and ammonia beads -mm (0.1-0.0in) L09 0.71 0 1. 80 beads 1-mm (0.0-0.08in) dia. 8797 0.71 0 1. pellets -mm (0.1-0.1in) dia. 0 0.71 0 1. 88 pellets A Powder A11 0.8 00 Molecules with an effective 0.-0.8mm (0.0-0.0in) L01 0.7 1 1. diameter < Ångstroms, beads including S, CO, SO, 1-mm (0.0-0.08in) L0 0.7 1 1. 1 ethanol, ethylene, ethane, beads and propylene -mm (0.1-0.0in) L0 0.7 1 1. 80 beads 1-mm (0.0-0.08in) dia. 879 0.7 1 1. pellets -mm (0.1-0.1in) dia. 8810 0.7 1 1. 88 pellets -8+1 (ca mm) beads, 0.7 1 1. 1 with indicator AW-00 -mm (0.1-0.1in) dia. 70 0.7 0 1 80 00 Molecules with an effective pellets diameter < Ångstroms, including n-butanol, n-butane, and n-propane up to n-docosane A -mm (0.1-0.0in) beads 1-mm (0.0-0.08in) dia. pellets -mm (0.1-0.1in) dia. L07 879 1 0.7 0.7 0.7 1 1 1 7 00 Molecules with an effective diameter < Ångstroms, including n-butanol, n-butane, and n-propane up to n-docosane pellets 1X 10 Powder A1078 0.0 00 Molecules with an effective 1.-.mm B1109 0. 1 diameter <10 Ångstroms, (0.0-0.098in) beads including benzene, toluene, -mm (0.1-0.0in) L008 0. 1 80 and di-n-butylamine beads 1-mm (0.0-0.08in) dia. 879 0. 19 1 pellets -mm (0.1-0.1in) dia. 0 0. 19 7 Pellets eat of Adsorbtion (max) kj/ kg O Molecules Adsorbed Molecules Excluded Applications Molecules with an effective diameter > Ångstroms, e.g. ethane and methanol Molecules with an effective diameter > Ångstroms, e.g. n-propane Molecules with an effective diameter > Ångstroms, e.g. iso compounds and rings greater than C Molecules with an effective diameter > Ångstroms, e.g. iso compounds and rings greater than C Molecules with an effective diameter >10 Ångstroms, e.g. tri-n-butylamine The preferred adsorbent for the dehydration of unsaturated hydrocarbon streams such as cracked gas, propylene, butadiene and acetylene. Also used for drying polar liquids such as methanol and ethanol. The preferred adsorbent for static dehydration in a closed gas or liquid system. Used as a static desiccant in household refrigeration systems; in packaging of drugs, electronic components and perishable chemicals; as a water scavenger in paint and plastic systems. In drying saturated hydrocarbon streams. Used commercially to dry and purify process streams containing strong acid contaminants. Separates normal paraffins from branched-chain and cyclic hydrocarbons through a selective adsorption process Used for general gas drying, air plant feed purification (simultaneous removal of water and CO ) and liquid hydrocarbon and natural gas sweetening ( S mercaptan removal). *water:adsorbant; 1:100 wt%,. kpa at C using activated adsorbent CO :adsorbant; 1:100 wt%,. kpa at C using activated adsorbent Each type adsorbs listed molecules plus those of preceding types.

Pressure-Temperature omograph

Glassy Carbon Specifications Characteristic properties Units Type 1 Type Bulk density g/cm 1. 1. Ash values acc. to DI 190 ppm <100 <100 Maximum service temperature 1 (under argon) C 1000 000 Open porosity % 0 0 Permeability coefficient (e gas) cm /s 10-11 10-9 Vickers hardness V1 0 0 Flexual strength /mm 10 0 Compressive strength /mm 80 80 Young s modulus k/mm Coefficient of thermal expansion (0-00 C) 1/K. x 10 -. x 10 - Thermal conductivity (0 C) W/(Kxm).. 1 in air, rapid oxidation takes place above 00 -point bending test; geometry of specimen: circular rod, diameter mm, length 0mm geometry of specimen: circular rod, diameter 7mm, length 10mm

Typical Properties of igh Purity Oxide Ceramics Material Units Al- Al- Al- ZrO /Y O MgO Principal Constituent 99.7% Al O 99.7% Al O 99.7% Al O 90% *ZrO 98% Typical Minimum 99.% Al O 99.% Al O 99.% Al O 90% 98% Apparent Density g/cm.7-.9.-..8-.1.8.9 Main Grain Size æm 10 0 70 0-0 - Open Porosity % 0 0-0-0 0 - Average Pore Size æm - -0 - - ardness (Knoop, 100g) /mm (MPa) 000 - - - - Compressive Strength /mm (MPa) 00 1000 00 000 800 Bending Strength /mm (MPa) 00 10 70 0 0 Modulus of Elasticity GPa 80 - - 1. - Resistance to Thermal Shock good very good very good - - Melting Point C 00 00 00 - - Maximum Working Temperature C 190 190 190 000 00 Specific eat J/kg K 900 - - 0 - Thermal Conductivity at 100 C W/m K 0 - - 0 Thermal Conductivity at 1000 C W/m K - - Coefficient of Linear Expansion between 0 and 1000 C 10 - /K 8. 8. 8. 10 1 Emissivity at 1000 C % 1 - - - - Specific Electrical Resistance at: 0 C 00 C 1000 C 100 C Ohm-cm >10 1 10 10 10 7 10 Dielectric Constant at 10 Mz, 0 C 9. - - - - Dielectric Loss Factor at 10 Mz, 0 C x10 - - - - - Electrical Breakdown Strength (dry-pressed and slip-cast parts) * The balance is % Y O. - - - - kv eff/mm - - - - The details of these products and instruments and of their plants and processes are based on extensive research work and operational experience. These data are supplied verbally and in writing to the best of our knowledge and belief. This, however, does not exempt the user from verifying their own responsibility involved in their application. This also applies - particularly for shipments abroad - to safeguard third-party protective rights and applications, and methods of procedure not expressly specified by us in writing. Our liability is thus limited in all cases to compensation in the same extent and scope as provided for quality deficiencies. In addition, our Technical Service is available for further advice and cooperation in the solving of manufacturing and application problems. - - - - - - - - - - - -

FEPA Grit Sizes Millimeters Microns* Inches 100 % min Sieve 0% max Sieve 0% min Sieve 70% min Sieve % max Sieve FEPA Grit.7 70 0.189 /1 1/ + F 000 0.19 0. + 7 F. 0 0.1 1/ +7 8 F.8 800 0.111 7 7+8 10 F7. 0 0.09 7 8 8+10 1 F8 000 0.079 8 10 10+1 1 F10 1.7 1700 0.08 7 10 1 1+1 1 F1 100% min 0% Max % min 70% min % max thru 1. 100 0.0 8 1 1 1+1 18 F1 1.18 1180 0.07 10 1 1 1+18 0 F1 1 1000 0.0 1 1 18 18+0 F0 0.8 80 0.0 1 18 0 0+ 0 F 100% min % Max 0% min % min % max thru 0.71 710 0.08 1 0 +0 F 0. 00 0.0 18 0 0+ 0 F0 0. 00 0.0 0 0 +0 F 100% min 0% max 0% min % min % max thru 0. 0.017 0 0+ 0 F0 0. 0.01 0 0 +0 0 F 0. 00 0.01 0 0+0 70 F 0. 0 0.01 0 0 0 0+70 80 F0 100% min % max 0% min % min % max thru 0.1 1 0.008 0 70 70+80 100 F70 0.18 180 0.007 0 70 80 80+100 10 F80 100% min 0% max 0% min % min 0.1 10 0.00 0 80 100 100+10 10 F90 0.1 1 0.00 70 100 10 10+10 00 F100 0.10 10 0.00 80 10 10 10+170 0 F10 100% min 1% max 0% min % min % max thru 0.07 7 0.00 100 10 00 00+0 F10 0.0 0.00 10 170 00 + 0 00+0+70 - F180 100% min 1% max 0% min 0% min 0.0 0.001 10 00 0 + 70 0+70+ - F0

Metal Composition of Common Electroplating Salts Metal Composition of Common Electroplating Salts (estimates only) ame % Metal ame % Metal Cobalt chloride.8 Palladium chloride 0.0 Cobalt sulfate 1.0 Palladium diaminodinitrite (P salt).8 Copper(II) carbonate (basic) 7. Platinum chloride.7 Copper(II) chloride.8 Platinum diaminodinitrite (P salt) 0.8 Copper(I) cyanide 71.0 Potassium stannate 9. Copper(I) potassium cyanide. Rhodium chloride 9.1 Copper(I) sodium cyanide. Rhodium sulfate 0.8 Copper(II) sulfate. Silver chloride 7. Gold chloride 8.1 Gold cyanide 88. Gold potassium cyanide 8. Gold sodium cyanide 7. Iron(III) chloride (anhydrous). Iron(III) chloride 0. Iron(II) sulfate 0.1 Iron(II) chloride 8.1 Iron(II) sulfate 0.1 Silver cyanide 80. Silver nitrate. Silver oxide 9. Silver potassium cyanide. Silver sodium cyanide 9.0 Silver sulfate. Sodium stannate. Tin chloride. Tin fluoborate 0. Lead carbonate (basic) 80.1 Tin sulfate. Lead acetate, trihydate. Tungstic acid 7. ickel acetate. Zinc carbonate. ickel ammonium sulfate 1.9 Zinc chloride 8.0 ickel carbonate (basic) 0.0 Zinc cyanide.7 ickel chloride.7 Zinc fluoborate 7. ickel cyanide.1 Zinc oxide 80. ickel fluoborate. Zinc pyrophosphate.9 ickel sulfamate. Zinc sulfate.7 ickel sulfate. Zinc sulfate, anhydrous 0.