Best Practices for Building Sustainable Biomass- to- Biofuel Chains in Southern EU Regions: The Cases of Capitanata (IT) and Thessaly (GR)

Best Practices for Building Sustainable Biomass- to- Biofuel Chains in Southern EU Regions: The Cases of Capitanata (IT) and Thessaly (GR) Prof. Dr. E. Koukios et al. School of Chemical Engineering, NTUA, GR koukios@chemeng.ntua.gr

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Best Practices for Building Sustainable Biomass-to-Biofuel Chains in Southern EU Regions: The Cases of Capitanata (IT) and Thessaly (GR) Karaoglanoglou L. (1), Koullas D. (1), M. Monteleone (2), and Koukios E. (1) (1) National Technical University of Athens, GR (2) University of Foggia, IT 100+ BTU/NTUA Papers in EU BC&E 3

10 Easy Steps to a Best Practice Guide For a Promising Biomass Project 4

I. Put together the (value) chain lklk 5

II. Identify the major chain options EAMPLE: Sugar beet-to-biohydrogen Chain in Thessaly Sugar beet Value added product Residue Processing Soil enhancement Foliage Defoliation Mud Local washing Beet root (clean) Local slice Local extraction Beet root Beet root Beet root Local washing Local washing Beet root (clean) Mud Mud I II Beet root (clean) III Local transport Central transport/storage LOCAL HYDROGEN PLANT Beet root (clean) Beet root Washing Sugar juice Pulp Beet root (clean) Beet root Beet root (clean) Beet root Washing Beet root (clean) Mud Drying Mud Local Storage Slicing Animal feed Beet root (clean) Beet root Extaction Concentration Hydrolysis Sugar juice Pulp Central transport and storage Drying Animal feed Concentrated sugar juice Dissolved oligomers non soluble solid residue Beet root (clean) Beet root Concentration Concentrated oligomers Washing Beet root (clean) Mud Dissolved oligomers Hydrolysis non soluble solid residue Slicing Transportation to a central Hydrogen Plant Extraction Sugar juice Concentrated sugar juice Pulp Concentrated oligomers Sugar juice Pulp Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Drying Animal feed Dissolved oligomers non soluble solid residue CENTRAL HYDROGEN PLANT Dissolved oligomers CENTRAL HYDROGEN PLANT non soluble solid residue CENTRAL HYDROGEN PLANT 6

III. Develop feasibility and Sustainability criteria ECONOMIC (< 8 critical factors): Define all economic actors and their needs Possible effect of external cost internalising Same for policy effects ENVIRONMENTAL (< 10 critical factors): Impact assessment of direct effects Impact assessment of indirect effects Critical tradeoffs with other criteria SOCIAL (< 4 critical factors): Same as Environmental criteria TECHNOLOGICAL & OTHER 7

IV. Apply criteria to options With the aid of the GUIDE QUESTIONS: which, what, how, who, when, where, how much, why A B C Chain/stage options Sustainability & Feasibility criteria Max 10 hot points 8

V. Case study: Utilising surplus straw 9

VI. Identify max. 10 hot questions EAMPLE: Straw-to-Bioelectricity 1. Soil fertility 2. Feedstock transportation cost 3. Markets for thermal energy co-produced 4. Ash recycling & other uses 5. Conversion efficiency (20-40%) 6. Energy balance of the overall chain 7. Air pollution from combustion emissions 8. GHGs potential reduction of CO2 emissions 9. Competing uses of straw substitution strategies 10. Other to be determined later, if possible 10

VII. Set up a list of stakeholders Stakeholders 11

VIII. Map/monitor stakeholders response Decision Criteria Short List Stakeholders were asked to rank their priorities in the following decision making criteria 1-9 (with 1 and 9 being the most and the least important criteria for each stakeholder): Return on Investment Annual revenues National economy Regional/Local Economy Application of New/Innovative Technologies Employment Environment Political and institutional benefits Other criteria 12

I. Use PCA to map stakeholders PC2 PC1 13

. Improve initial chain PCA map PC2 PC1 14

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