Space weather influences on atmospheric electricity Article Accepted Version Nicoll, K. A. (2014) Space weather influences on atmospheric electricity. Weather, 69 (9). pp. 238-241. ISSN 1477-8696 doi: 10.1002/wea.2323 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/55389/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher s version if you intend to cite from the work. To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.2323 Publisher: Wiley All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement. www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading
Reading s research outputs online
ABCDEFCCABEABB ABCDEFBFBFBEBEFBD ABEABECBACC FCBEBBFEFDBBEDBFCBCDBBDFDFFBB EDDADDEBFDBFBCEBBBBBFEFFBEFEBBFBB BFBEBBEBFBBBFEBDDDEBEFDDFCBEBBFEB DFBBEBBDEFBEDBEDEBDFBEF BEFB DEBDFBEBEBDBFBCBBEBBFEDBDEBBFFBBCD EBCFBBFEDFBDEDDEDFFBBBFEB DBFBEDFBEDFBEFDDFBDEDFBEFDEDFEBDD FBDEBBEBDDBBFBFEDFBDDEFFBEDDEDF DFBEFEDEBDCCEFBFBBDDDDFCBEBFEEF CFDFB DEE FE DEB BCDEDF FBEFEFDDEBDBEEBFDEFBEDFBDEBDFBEB EBDBBBBFDEBEBCEBBFFBBDEFEDBDFBBE CBEB DF DCCEDFB DFFB DEB EBCEBBFB D F CCFB DEB BBFEBDCBEDDCDFEFDECEBDBDBBFEDEBFEDBE EFBEEDDFFBBFEFBCBEBFDCFBFD EBCFBFDDEFEDBDFBCBECFBFD FCBEDEFBBFFBCEBBBFBEDEBEBDFBCEDEE DDFDBBEBFEBEBBBBBEEFB EDEFBDDBDEFBEDBEDEFDFEDEDDFFBFBE DEFDFCBEBFBEBDFBDDDBDFBFBEDFFDFCBEBBB FBDFEBDEBDFDFFBCFBFDBEBBBFBBFBCBEBDFB DEFEDBDDFBFDEBFEEEBFDFBDEDEFFEEBF BF BEFDEEBFDDEBDFBEEBBFBBFBCBEBD FBEDBFBBEFDBDEBDFB AFB DFBFFDEBFDBDF DEBDDEEFBCBEBFFBEDBC A Vi J c = (1.) R c BDEEBFDB EBDFBFFBFFFBBEFDDFCBEBEB DEFBDEFFDFDFFBE FBEDFFBEBFDBDFCBE DBEEFBEDBFFBCBEBBDDF dz R c = (z) 0 σ DEBDFBEFDEBFBDDEBBCDEDFCEBBDEBEE
BFFEBFCECEFDFFBDFEDFBDDBFBEDBBCB CECDFBBFBEDEFDFCBEBDBBDEBDFFBEDB DBFEFE EABCBCABCBCABEBF EACABABE EBBBEACABBBC CA B EB BA BFEFEEBF DEBDFBE B BEFE BE FBE F DEB EBCFDF DFED DDFF FAD FAAAA AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA A AAAAC AAAAA ABAB AAACA ABEABBCA DEFBBFEDBEBFBBBFBEDDBDFBEDEBEFB D DE EEBF E FBEFE BCBBF FB BE D FEBF FBEFEDDDDBEBFEDFDBEDEBDB FB DE EBFDB B BFBED BB BFB EB EB EFB EBDBEFEBFEDDEBFBEBFCDBBDFBECBB DEDFFBDEDBFBBDBF BDEDFDDFDB BFEFEBFBFFBBDEBFECBFFBCDEFBDDBDFFBEDB BEBEEBFDEBBFEFEBFECDDDEBFBDBFDFFB BFBEBDBFBEBBEFDEFDBFB
EDEBEBFDEFBDEBDFDFFDFDDB BFBEE EBFDDBFBDFEEBF BEFDFBDE BDCDBBDFBEDBBDFCBEBBFEFFBBF CDBBDFBEBBFD AA DEBFCDBBDFBEEBDFBCBBDDFBDFEDFBDFBEBEBDBF FBFFBDEEDFDEFEBCBEFFBDF DEFDFCBEBDFBFBBDBFBDBDFBDEDBFB DDBDEBFDDEBFEDBFBFEDDBBFDDE DEBBDEDBFBDFBDDEEBEFFBEBEBEDFEBE DBFBEEBDEFBFBDEDDBBDBDFFBE DDBBEBDBFBDFDEFDDEBEBDB EBBDBDEBBFEBBFEDFBFBFFBEBDB FDFFBBEBED F FDEDEB F D F FEEEDFBDBEBDBFBBDEBDBFEFEDF DBFEBEBDBEDBDFCBEBBFEDCDEDBFBEDEBDBBF DBEBDBFBBBFEBBDEEDCBECB BCDDFBBFBFCBBBF AEBBEBFDEBBFDDEDEBDEBBEDEBEBFDEFB FCEFDBFBEDEFDFCBEBFFBBDBFDFFBDDFFBFBD CBBFEDFBFBCBFBEBBEFCEDECEFBBEBFDB DEBDEBDBBBECEDECEFBBEBBBEDFBDDDB BDECDEFBFEFBEDFFDFCBEBBEDEBDBFB CEDEDBBBEBBFBBDEBDBBFBBEFEBDEBB DDEBBBFBDFFBBFECEBCFDFBFBCEB D DFD EB DF F DFFB BBE FB DDFB ED EBFEDCEBDFFDFEDBFDEBDBDF EDFB E D DEB DFFB BCBBF D BDBF DFB CDEFB CBBFEDFFFBDFCBEBDEBDFBECDEFBDFDFFBEEBB BDBFBDFFBDBFCBEBBFEDFBFBEDDFCEB BDEB FB DFCBEB B F DF D B D F BDBBF E D CFBFDBBFDFBEBFCBEEFBBBFEBDBBABBCBF FB BDFDF DF BE D B DB FDDE BFBED EDBDBBCBFBBEBBCBDFFBBEFBDDEEBFD BFEBCBCBCCEFFBECDBBDFBEFE BFEDBFFBEBDFBBEFBFCFBFDBECEFDFB BFBBDEFEDBDDFBFB BBBFBBFDFCBEBBFEDDEDBDBBBEBFEFBD BDEBBFEBFDDEFBFDFBDFFBEBFBFBDBEBDB FBDFBBBFEBDEBDBFFDDFEDFB DDFDEDFFBFEFBEFDEFBBDBFBDFEBBFBFDB BBFEDDB DFBCDFDBFBFFBBBFFBBBFEDBEBFFB
BFBEBFFBBBFDFCBEBBFEDCDEDBFBEDBDCCEBDB DFDFFBDDFDFFBFBEBBFFBDEBDBEBFB EFDBEDCCEFBBDFFBFBBF BDDBFDFBDEBFDBCDEDBFBE DBBFEBDEB EBDFBFFBDBEFBEBEBDBFFFBBBFFBBBF FB EBDBDFEDDCFBFDBDFDBFBFBEDDDE EEBFEFBEFEBCBBFFEDFCBEBCBEEBFDBDBD FBEFEBDDFDEEBDABFDFEDEBBBFFB EBFDBDBFBEFEDBEBDBBFFEBDBFBCDEDEEEBFF FBCBEBDDBF DBDFBEDBBBFEBBBEDBBBFE BEBBFBBFBBFDEBBCBFBFB FA CAA ACA AA AAAAAAA A
AA FDFFBBBFEDCEBFBBFBDBFCBE DDFBD BBFEEFDFDFFBBCBEBBEBDBCFBFDBBCFBEFB CDEEBBEBFBDEFBEDFFFBBDBFBFCEBDEBDB EFDBBFEBFBCBEBBFBDFBDEDBFCBEB DEFDBBFDEBEFDBFBFDBBFBDC FFBEDBEBDFCBEFEDFBEFDBBFEBBDEFBEDE BBFDEBCEBBFDFDFFBFFBCBDEFD DEDF BFBBDDEBFCDBFEDFCBEDBDEBBF BBFEBFDFEDBFDFBCBEFBDDDEBBEBDCCDEBF BBFEBDFDBBEEEBDFBBDBFCBEFBDCFBFD BEBBFBDBFCBEBFCDFFBEBBCBECBFBDEBBEB ABBFD BBFEDBEDBFCBEFEDBFFBFECCBEBDFDFFBDB BBFEFBEDBBBFEBBDEBBFDBDDFDFFB FEFBEBBDBFDBFEDFBEDBBBFEBEBCBF DBFFE EBED DBFCBEFEDBDDEBFCEBCFDFEBDFFBBFEBBBEB FCD E DF DEED D DEED DFFB E DBF FE D D BDBFBFFFFBCBEADBE DBDFEBFEF DEDFCBEEEBFBBEDFCBEFEDFEDBBDEBBF BDBF D A BDEBBFFBEFEDFBFDFFBBBFEBFEBFDEBEDFB FDFFDFBBFDEBDDECFDFDEBCDFBEBD CEBEBCBBCDDFFDFDEBFFEBEFFED BDDEDDEBDBBBFEBBEDFBFBCDEFBDDBDEB DBBEDFBFEBDFFBBEBBBCDBBFEDDDBBDFEBDB BACEBFDBBDEEBFEDFBDBEBDBF DFFDDFBEDEBEBDBBFFDFDCDDEBF BBEDF DF EB E EBEB F BEFD FB FBDB B EFDFBEFBDCBEBBBDFEDDEDFFBEFE EEBB D F D EDFB D FB F FD EBDB D FBF DEDFBFDFD BFBEDBFCBEBEBEBBEFFBEBCDBDEDEFDEBCDEFBDEB FEBFBDEFDBFB DBFFEEBFDEBFEFCBEBBFEBEBBFEEEBFFB CBEBBDEBCEDEBEBBEFBCBDEEBDEBBEDFBDDFFBBDF FDEBDEBBCBBF BADBEFBBFEBFBCBEBDCCEDFB
ABEABEDDCEF FBBBDCDBBDFBEBBDFCBEBBFEDCDEDBFBEBFFB DEBBFED C BD DEB F BEF EBEB F DB FB BBBBEFDFEEBFFEBBD B D BB BEB F DEB ECBF DF FB CCBE D BE DEBDBEDDEEBFEDFFBECBFDDB CDF E ECD CEBB BB B EF BF D D CFBFD CEBBEBDEDFFBDECCECBEFBBBFFFB BEFDFEEBFFDEDFDEDFFDCEBDEFBCDB BDFBE DB D CB FE FB BE DFCBEB F FB EDB D DBF FECCBECEBB FA CDCBE DEB FB DE BD CDB BDFBE FF F DBF DFCBEBBFEFDEFBBBDFDBEDDBF FBBEFDFFCEBFBEDFBFBBFBDEDDBFCBEBBBEDF EFDCBEBBFEBCBFFBEDBDBCBE FF B F CEBCFDF BBFE D F BBEDF E BBEBF CDEFB FFDBCDEDFBBDFFBDBFFFEFB CBECFBFDEBDFFCDBBDFBEBBFDEBDCDFBCBECFF FBBBBFBDFDFDFBBBDCDBBDFBEBBDFCBE BBFEDCDEDBFBEBFFBCBDDEBFBBEFEFBEE EBEBFBEFDFBEBDBFBFEBBDFBEBFBEFEDDE BDFBE CDEF FB EF F DEB B F FEFB F DB BEB DFCBEBBFEDCDEDBFBEEFBEBEFDFBBBFCDBBDFBEFB DFEDBBEBBDEBBFDFCBEBBFEDEBCBF EFFBEDECBEFEDFDEBEBEBFFBCEDEBFBDEBBFBED BEDBBDBFDFFBBBBCBFDFCBEFBDF BDEBBFDFEDFBEDFDBFDFCBEBBFED CDEDBFBEEFDDEBFBEDEDBDFDFBFCDB BDFBEFEFBFECCBEBDFEDFCBEBFBBFCBEDFDEDB BFEBEDFDEBCEFDFFDBFBBBFDFCBEBBFEFDBE CEBDEFBDBCDBBDFBEDCBFBEFECCBE CEBB CEC DBBFBCCEFDBBEBEFDEDEBBEBCDCEBF EEBFECDBBDFBEDEDDFFEDEED DCEBDBFFC
DAC BDEDDBFBBBFDBFFEBDEE DFCBEEEBFA DBBBADDFBDDBBDDDEDFFBF EDBDCDFEFBDBBFEEFC EBFDFCBBFBBEDBDF DFFBEFBFBFDFB ABBEBDDBBBFBDCFBFDECDE FBCDEDCFBDFFBDFCBEBEFDEEBFC DEEBDAABDECEFBBFDFBDEBDFBEBBFEBDF EC EDDADEBEBFDBBDEEDDFEB DFFBBDFCBEBC EBFBEBEBBFEBFBFDBFFBEBEFBE BDFFDFBEBEFBBBFEDFBABBEFDF B DEEBDBEDBDFDFCBEBB DEEDCDBBDFBEEBDBBE DFCBEBCBBD DEEDDBBEFBBBFBEEBE DFCBEBEDBBDEBBFCA EFBEAEBFBBBDEDEBDFFEDFCBE BBFEBC EFEBDDEDEBCBEFEDFFEDFCBE EEBFFBC BBDEBDBFDBFFE DEDFFBDFCBEBBFEBDFDFFB EDCBEFDCFDFFEDFCBEBBFE BDDEBBEBFCDEFBBBFC EEFFBEDBDFCBEBBFEFDDFBFEBEBDB BDEDFBBFEBFBEEDFCBEDEBBDEBBFED DCDFECA DEECBEBFDBFBEDFDBEBBDEE EDDFBCBBFF ABBBBEDEEDBBFDFCBEBBFEF DEADEDCCDFFBBBFEBFFBEC BDDBBEFFDBBBFBBEBFCDEFB CEBCFDFFBDFCBEBBFEEFC BDEFBEEBFEDEBDFCDFCBEBBFEFC A
BACEDDFBFDDCEBBEBDFBFDEB CDBFDEDFCBEBAAC EFCBFDBBFDDBDBBFEEFC BFBBFBCDBBEBFDFBFECCBEB BBBDEFBDBBFEEFDBEEBBBF ECFBCBEDFEBDDFBFECCBEBCDBB BFBECEBF BEFCDBDEBDFFBDEBDBE BCBA