Supplementary Information 1.

Supplementary Information 1. Fig. S1. Correlations between litter-derived-c and N (percent of initial input) and Al-/Fe- (hydr)oxides dissolved by ammonium oxalate (AO); a) 0 10 cm; b) 10 20 cm; c) 20 40 cm; d) 60 100 cm. Pearson s correlation coefficients are given in Fig. 3, main text.

Fig. S2. Correlations between litter-derived-c and N (percent of initial input) and Al-/Fe- (hydr)oxides dissolved by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB); a) 0 10 cm; b) 10 20 cm; c) 20 40 cm; d) 60 100 cm. Pearson s correlation coefficients are given in Fig. 3, main text.

Fig. S3. Correlations between litter-derived-c and N (percent of initial input) and kaolinite and gibbsite content; a) 0 10 cm; b) 10 20 cm; c) 20 40 cm; d) 60 100 cm. Pearson s correlation coefficients are given in Fig. 3, main text.

Fig. S4. Correlations between the unlabeled soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil properties/mineralogical variables: a) clay; b) Al-DCB; c) Fe-DCB; d) Al-AO; e) Fe-AO; f) Al+Fe- AO; g) Kaolinite and h) Gibbsite as a function of soil depth (0 10, 10 20, 20 40, and 60 100 cm). Unlabeled SOC = (Total SOC labeled SOC) after the 12-month incubation experiment.

Supplementary Table 1. Chemical properties of the selected Oxisols. Soil a Horizon Depth ph H2O P * K * Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Al 3+ H+Al SB # ECEC CEC BS ǂ γ ECEC corr. - cm - mg dm - 3 cmol c dm - 3 % cmol c kg - 1 clay THD A 0-10 4.4 2.0 38.0 0.2 0.2 1.7 6.6 0.5 2.2 7.1 6.6 3.6 12 A 10-20 4.4 2.0 24.0 0.1 0.1 1.3 5.8 0.3 1.6 6.1 4.2 2.3 9 BA 20-40 4.4 1.0 13.0 0.1 0.1 1.4 5.6 0.2 1.6 5.8 4.0 2.3 8 B 60-100 4.9 0.5 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.7 4.0 0.2 0.9 4.2 4.2 1.2 6 HHD A 0-10 4.8 1.6 24.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 10.9 0.3 1.4 11.2 2.4 2.3 19 A 10-20 5.2 1.5 15.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 9.6 0.2 1.2 9.8 2.0 2.0 17 A 20-40 5.4 0.6 20.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 7.9 0.2 0.8 8.1 2.1 1.2 13 AB 60-100 5.5 0.0 6.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 4.1 0.1 0.3 4.2 2.3 0.4 6 XHD A 0-10 5.4 3.4 57.0 2.6 0.8 0.1 2.1 3.5 3.6 5.6 62.4 16.1 25 A 10-20 4.9 1.1 21.0 1.0 0.3 0.4 4.0 1.4 1.8 5.4 26.1 5.4 16 BA 20-40 5.0 0.7 9.0 0.9 0.4 0.6 3.6 1.3 1.9 4.9 26.1 5.5 14 B 60-100 4.9 0.0 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 2.5 0.8 1.1 3.3 24.3 3.1 9 XHT A 0-10 4.9 0.9 31.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 2.3 0.5 0.9 2.8 18.4 1.8 5 A 10-20 5.0 0.8 35.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 5.6 0.4 0.8 6.0 7.1 1.6 11 BA 20-40 5.3 0.4 29.0 0.2 0.1 0.4 5.0 0.4 0.8 5.4 6.6 1.3 10 B 60-100 5.7 0.0 10.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 0.2 3.0 5.3 0.3 5 RHT A 0-10 6.5 14.0 187.0 6.4 4.8 0.0 3.3 11.6 11.6 14.9 77.9 19.4 25 A 10-20 6.7 7.3 150.0 5.6 4.1 0.0 3.3 10.0 10.0 13.3 75.2 16.4 22 AB 20-40 6.6 6.7 111.0 3.0 3.2 0.0 3.5 6.5 6.5 10.0 65.1 10.8 17 B 60-100 6.1 11.0 97.0 0.8 0.8 0.0 4.0 1.9 1.9 5.9 32.2 3.2 10 THT A 0-10 4.5 6.3 51.0 0.5 0.3 1.3 7.8 0.9 2.2 8.7 10.5 6.1 24 A 10-20 4.5 4.2 23.0 0.1 0.1 1.4 5.3 0.2 1.6 5.5 4.1 5.2 18 BA 20-40 4.4 1.8 11.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 4.5 0.2 0.6 4.7 3.4 1.8 15 B 60-100 4.9 0.0 29.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 2.3 0.2 1.3 2.5 6.3 3.3 7 a Oxisols acronyms, the full classification is given in the main text (Table 2). * Extracted using Mehlich-1 (HCl 0.05 mol L - 1 + H 2 SO 4 0.0125 mol L - 1 ). Extracted by KCl 1 mol L - 1. Extracted by calcium acetate 0.5 mol L - 1 ph 7.0. # SB=(Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ + K + ): Sum of bases. ECEC=SB + Al 3+ : Effective cation exchange capacity. CEC=SB + (H + Al): Cation exchange capacity at ph 7.0. ǂ BS: base saturation ((SB/CEC)x100). γ ECEC and CEC Corrected per kg of clay. CEC corr. γ

Supplementary Table 2. Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) as affected by depth of litter C inputs to soil samples collected at 0 10, 10 20, 20 40 and 60 10 cm depth from 6 Oxisols after the 12-month incubation. Depth, cm Soil Litter input 0 10 10 20 20 40 60 100 mg g - 1 soil C:N ratio THD 0 11 Cbc 12 BCab 12 ABab 13 Abc 10 10 Cc 11 Bbc 12 ABbc 12 Ac 20 10 Cc 11 BCc 11 Bc 13 Ab 40 12 Ca 12 BCa 13 Ba 16 Aa HHD 0 14 Ca 15 BCbc 15 Bc 18 Ac 10 14 Ba 14 Bc 14 Bd 16 Ad 20 14 Da 15 Cab 17 Ba 21 Aa 40 14 Ca 15 Ba 16 Bb 19 Ab XHD 0 11 Bab 15 Ab 14 Ab 15 Ab 10 11 Ab 11 Ac 11 Ad 12 Ad 20 11 Bab 11 Bc 12 Abc 13 Ac 40 13 Ca 16 Ba 17 Ba 21 Aa XHT 0 18 Aa 15 Cab 14 Db 16 Bb 10 14 Cc 15 Bb 14 BCb 17 Ab 20 15 Bb 15 Bab 14 Bab 17 Ab 40 18 Aa 16 Ba 15 Ba 19 Aa RHT 0 11 Dbc 11 Cbc 12 Bbc 15 Ab 10 10 Dc 11 Cc 12 Bc 15 Ab 20 10 Dab 11 Cab 13 Bab 16 Aa 40 11 Da 12 Ca 13 Ba 16 Aa THT 0 13 Ba 14 Aab 14 Ab 13 ABd 10 13 Ba 13 Bb 14 Bb 15 Ac 20 14 Ba 14 Ba 14 Bab 17 Ab 40 14 Ca 15 BCa 15 Ba 18 Aa For a given soil and litter input, means followed by capital letters, do not differ according to the Tukey s test at P<0.05. For a given depth within each soil, means followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ according to the Tukey s test at P<0.05. The full classification of the soils is given in Table 2.

Supplementary Table 3. ANOVA for the main effects soil, depth of sampling (0 10 and 60 100 cm) and litter-c additions and their interactions on the mass proportion of litter-c and N remaining (percentage of recovered C and N) within the soil fraction >53 µm after 12-month incubation Recovered C, % Recovered N, % Source of variation df SS MS F P-value SS MS F P-value Block 2 0.05 0.03 2.77 0.11 0.03 0.02 2.46 0.13 Soil 5 0.20 0.04 4.35 0.02 0.42 0.08 13.00 0.00 Error (A) 10 0.09 0.01 0.06 0.01 Depth 1 0.17 0.17 18.78 0.01 0.86 0.86 110.34 0.00 Soil Depth 5 0.05 0.01 1.06 0.43 0.11 0.02 2.80 0.07 Error (B) 12 0.11 0.01 0.09 0.01 Litter 2 0.26 0.13 11.67 0.00 0.10 0.05 8.01 0.00 Soil Litter 10 0.18 0.02 1.57 0.14 0.14 0.01 2.42 0.02 Depth Litter 2 0.02 0.01 1.12 0.33 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.62 Soil Depth Litter 10 0.11 0.01 1.02 0.44 0.11 0.01 1.91 0.07 Error (C) 48 0.54 0.01 0.29 0.01 Total 107 1.78 2.23 Mean values for litter-c and N remaining within the soil fraction >53 µm within each Oxisol, depths of sampling (0 10 and 60 100 cm) and litter-c additions C recovered, % N recovered, % Oxisols Mean ± Std. error THD 23.8 ± 2.0 a 19.6 ± 2.1 a HHD 26.4 ± 1.8 ab 21.2 ± 2.1 a XHD 22.0 ± 1.1 ab 13.2 ± 1.0 bc XHT 24.9 ± 2.8 ab 16.6 ± 1.0 ab RHT 18.6 ± 1.9 b 12.5 ± 0.9 c THT 22.8 ± 1.5 ab 16.0 ± 1.4 abc Depth, cm 0 10 20.6 ± 1.0 b 20.7 ± 1.0 a 60 100 25.5 ± 1.2 a 12.4 ± 0.5 b Litter input, mg g -1 soil 10.0 19.0 ± 1.2 b 16.9 ± 1.0 a 20.0 24.6 ± 1.1 a 17.9 ± 1.3 a 40.0 25.6 ± 1.6 a 14.8 ± 1.1 b Means for C and N recovered among Oxisols, depth of sampling and plant litter inputs followed by the same letter do not differ according Tukey s test at P<0.05. Soils full classification is given in main text.

Supplementary Table 4. Litter-C and N remaining (percentage of initial input) within the soil fraction >53 µm (sand-sized) within each Oxisol, for depths of sampling of 0 10 and 60 100 cm and litter-c additions after the 12-month incubation. Soil Depth Litter input Block Litter-C recovered Mean Std. dev. Litter-N recovered Mean Std. dev. cm mg g -1 soil % % THD 0 10 10.0 1 12.6 15.8 3.6 23.0 22.5 1.3 THD 0 10 10.0 2 15.2 21.1 THD 0 10 10.0 3 19.7 23.4 THD 0 10 20.0 1 29.2 31.8 12.7 29.3 33.9 13.0 THD 0 10 20.0 2 45.6 48.5 THD 0 10 20.0 3 20.7 23.7 THD 0 10 40.0 1 20.8 19.4 2.7 20.2 20.1 2.3 THD 0 10 40.0 2 21.0 22.4 THD 0 10 40.0 3 16.3 17.7 THD 60 100 10.0 1 18.8 20.9 6.0 13.9 14.5 1.9 THD 60 100 10.0 2 27.7 16.6 THD 60 100 10.0 3 16.1 12.9 THD 60 100 20.0 1 19.0 22.7 7.4 11.3 12.0 2.1 THD 60 100 20.0 2 17.9 10.3 THD 60 100 20.0 3 31.3 14.2 THD 60 100 40.0 1 33.1 32.0 2.8 15.4 14.6 0.8 THD 60 100 40.0 2 34.1 14.7 THD 60 100 40.0 3 28.7 13.8 HHD 0 10 10.0 1 18.9 23.1 3.7 28.1 29.0 1.7 HHD 0 10 10.0 2 25.9 28.0 HHD 0 10 10.0 3 24.4 30.9 HHD 0 10 20.0 1 21.9 23.8 2.8 25.7 27.4 2.3 HHD 0 10 20.0 2 27.0 30.0 HHD 0 10 20.0 3 22.4 26.6 HHD 0 10 40.0 1 27.3 25.8 6.4 30.6 30.0 6.4 HHD 0 10 40.0 2 31.3 36.1 HHD 0 10 40.0 3 18.7 23.3 HHD 60 100 10.0 1 14.9 29.2 16.6 10.7 17.9 7.2 HHD 60 100 10.0 2 47.4 25.2 HHD 60 100 10.0 3 25.4 17.9 HHD 60 100 20.0 1 17.0 25.2 7.4 8.6 11.0 2.8 HHD 60 100 20.0 2 31.5 14.1 HHD 60 100 20.0 3 27.2 10.3 HHD 60 100 40.0 1 29.5 31.2 2.7 10.3 11.8 3.1 HHD 60 100 40.0 2 29.8 9.7 HHD 60 100 40.0 3 34.3 15.3

Continue XHD 0 10 10.0 1 14.0 16.0 2.3 13.8 18.1 3.9 XHD 0 10 10.0 2 18.5 21.4 XHD 0 10 10.0 3 15.5 19.2 XHD 0 10 20.0 1 21.1 20.9 0.7 15.9 17.2 1.3 XHD 0 10 20.0 2 20.1 17.3 XHD 0 10 20.0 3 21.5 18.5 XHD 0 10 40.0 1 23.5 23.4 4.4 15.6 14.9 1.5 XHD 0 10 40.0 2 19.0 13.2 XHD 0 10 40.0 3 27.8 16.0 XHD 60 100 10.0 1 22.5 19.9 4.5 11.2 9.8 2.0 XHD 60 100 10.0 2 22.5 10.8 XHD 60 100 10.0 3 14.7 7.5 XHD 60 100 20.0 1 28.8 26.7 1.8 11.5 11.8 0.3 XHD 60 100 20.0 2 25.3 11.8 XHD 60 100 20.0 3 26.2 12.1 XHD 60 100 40.0 1 26.1 25.2 3.8 8.3 7.2 1.3 XHD 60 100 40.0 2 21.1 5.7 XHD 60 100 40.0 3 28.5 7.7 XHT 0 10 10.0 1 14.6 15.4 0.8 16.3 17.3 1.2 XHT 0 10 10.0 2 16.2 18.7 XHT 0 10 10.0 3 15.5 16.9 XHT 0 10 20.0 1 19.2 21.4 1.9 17.5 20.5 2.7 XHT 0 10 20.0 2 22.8 21.4 XHT 0 10 20.0 3 22.3 22.6 XHT 0 10 40.0 1 24.6 29.3 13.0 17.5 18.5 6.4 XHT 0 10 40.0 2 19.3 12.7 XHT 0 10 40.0 3 44.0 25.3 XHT 60 100 10.0 1 21.1 17.8 3.4 14.7 13.5 1.3 XHT 60 100 10.0 2 17.9 13.6 XHT 60 100 10.0 3 14.4 12.1 XHT 60 100 20.0 1 16.0 24.6 9.0 11.3 13.3 2.0 XHT 60 100 20.0 2 24.0 13.2 XHT 60 100 20.0 3 33.8 15.3 XHT 60 100 40.0 1 48.1 40.6 16.6 18.0 16.5 6.7 XHT 60 100 40.0 2 52.1 22.3 XHT 60 100 40.0 3 21.6 9.2

Continue RHT 0 10 10.0 1 10.9 12.3 2.2 13.4 15.3 2.0 RHT 0 10 10.0 2 11.2 15.1 RHT 0 10 10.0 3 14.8 17.4 RHT 0 10 20.0 1 15.6 15.1 2.1 14.5 15.2 2.7 RHT 0 10 20.0 2 16.8 18.3 RHT 0 10 20.0 3 12.8 12.9 RHT 0 10 40.0 1 15.9 13.8 2.4 14.4 12.4 2.1 RHT 0 10 40.0 2 14.4 12.4 RHT 0 10 40.0 3 11.2 10.3 RHT 60 100 10.0 1 14.1 17.2 10.7 6.4 8.8 5.9 RHT 60 100 10.0 2 29.1 15.5 RHT 60 100 10.0 3 8.5 4.4 RHT 60 100 20.0 1 36.2 31.4 4.3 15.8 14.1 2.0 RHT 60 100 20.0 2 28.1 14.5 RHT 60 100 20.0 3 29.7 11.8 RHT 60 100 40.0 1 22.3 21.9 6.3 9.9 9.3 3.3 RHT 60 100 40.0 2 28.0 12.2 RHT 60 100 40.0 3 15.5 5.8 THT 0 10 10.0 1 18.2 17.2 1.0 23.7 21.7 2.8 THT 0 10 10.0 2 17.4 18.5 THT 0 10 10.0 3 16.1 22.8 THT 0 10 20.0 1 26.4 26.9 0.8 20.2 23.8 3.1 THT 0 10 20.0 2 26.5 25.6 THT 0 10 20.0 3 27.9 25.7 THT 0 10 40.0 1 26.5 19.5 8.9 16.9 14.3 5.4 THT 0 10 40.0 2 22.5 18.0 THT 0 10 40.0 3 9.4 8.2 THT 60 100 10.0 1 20.1 22.5 2.6 16.5 14.2 2.5 THT 60 100 10.0 2 22.1 11.6 THT 60 100 10.0 3 25.3 14.4 THT 60 100 20.0 1 35.2 25.0 8.8 17.3 14.1 2.8 THT 60 100 20.0 2 19.4 12.2 THT 60 100 20.0 3 20.5 12.7 THT 60 100 40.0 1 16.5 25.4 7.7 7.0 8.1 1.5 THT 60 100 40.0 2 29.9 7.6 THT 60 100 40.0 3 29.7 9.8 Soils full classification is given in main text.