Handook fxg$n(d=!lse<hq,whnrp [ Vi: Znn0! (q)ko&fj) ] q)ko&fj! Znn0 O8aK 1 $uq0kx9k/\vqmkjipccknh!spq, 2007 /Kx+5l"1970 /ej_ NO=N9H=OMVh0K/x9kbNG"k H[\Gj5l?#l}G"9<zL$NN}C K<CF.XwJbY 1050kmK&fVwJbY 5090kmK,(d=9kHb"OeJX&f TNVGOh/NilF$k#7+7".Xw& fvw,(d=9ka+k:`kd$fou0h NilF$J$#\F0>tGO".Xw&fV wn(d=a+k:`kd$f"9<zlnb@ KHolkJ,=bGkrQ$F"KOJ1J" J*+D"kxYjL*Jb@rn_k#e>t GO".Xw&fVwN(d=KX9kG7N& f0~h"nkq,ne@wm8'/h&fnl DH7FJailF$kl$j<i$@<WhK D$FRp9k# Oeg$N9Y=$ 2 Oeg$O"$9Nt>{[N5iKhCF< +ip.wjby 010kmK".XwJbY 10 50kmK"fVwJbY 5090kmK".w&E% wjby 90km JeKK,`5lkJ^ 1K#N h&j$9nt>,[rnjp7f$kggnw J,=9<zLbGk (d=rb@9k?anp/@h7f"gbj 1JbGkJ^ 2KrQ$F9<zLKD$FM (k#g$xj XKO"@[ MO)a5;k,"9<zL$NKhjO=+iN Mr[}( f G[}7"1~KMP( f GMP9kJ-kR [CUN!'K#l}"O=LJ X=LKO@[ +in MHg$X+iN Mr[}7"O=L?. 20 /Y MTI &fq 5$(s9;C7gs c xo"@[+in M"ZSOe+HN MG" k#gkdkhk(mk.<r}d@[ MO" Oeg$r)a7"O=G[}5lk#@[ M KhCFHail?O=OgKV0~rMP9k# g$ov0~kp7fot)@j?a"v0~r [}7"1~KMP9k#>K.;,J1lP" V0~N[}HMP,`jg&9Y,"=Ng$ XN$9HJk#.Xw&fVwK*$FO"* >sd@g,rkhk@[+ing0~n[}k <&C.,n[9k?a"V0~Hg0~NP} rm87? M?U,aw*K.)7F$k#g 0~[}KhkC.,Gbg-/JkN,.Xw &LJ.XwHfVwN-\KG"kJ^ 1K# ]KO"liN M}YKC(F"P.wG" lpp.h0dmq,oqpk<&."whex $NEkK<&x.r ".XwG"lPRaL [DNt>.K<&G.C.&dQ"fVwGO lkc(f=x?~k<&[.&/.jirm 89k,W,"k# Mesosphere Thermosphere Ionosphere (MTI) Research Group, Japan X 1
Handook ^ 2: J,=9<zLbGk# ^ 1: Khg$N9Y=$# 9Y T NuN Mr9k#NH-"O=L"* hsg$xk*1k M?UO!0G=5lk# O=L'F (1 ) + f σt = σt (1) g$x'f σt = 2f σt (2) O=L9Y T "g$x9y T KD$Fr/H s Fs (1 ) T = σ(1 f /2) 1/ T = 2 1/ T () () @[jt" "ky I" HJk#g$X,5$ J KH-KO J nkg" k," H9kH J nk HJj"]KQ,5lkOeN?Q$9HlW 9k#>TN9,9<zLG"k#^?"9<z L$NN}CKhj f NM,}g9kH"O=L 9Y T "g$x9y T NP},e:9k#0T Fs (=170 W m 2 ): (=0.0): 8 σ(=5.67 10 W) f =0 T = 255K 18 f = 0.77 T = 288K 15 X 2,O=LN9H="eT,P.wN9H=Kjv 9k# GmU,,WJNO"O=LN9H=Hg $XN9H=GOa+K:`,[Jk@G"k# O=LN9H=O"9<zL$NN}CKhCF g$xnmp("zsmpl,}g9khgz -/5lk#l}"O=L9YNe:K<CF O=+iN M,}g9kH"g$XKhCF[ }5lk M,}C9k#g$XGO"[}LN }C,rMPLr}d9HGj&9k?a"k LH7F9Y,e:9k#.Xw&fVwN(d=!K"^ 2 N X,.Xw&fVwKjv9k lgrm(k#.xw&fvwgov0 MN[ }&MPN>K"g0~N[}dG.C.&dQK <&/$.;JQK,8_9k#7?,CF". Xw&fVwK*1k.}YO!0G=5lk# f σt + Q = 2f σt (5).Xw&fVwN9<zL$N,}C7"f, f + f K".Xw&fVwN9Y T, T + T KQ=7?H9kH"!Nh&J?UuV,.j )D# (f + f )σt +Q = 2(f + f )σ(t + T ) (6)
Handook?@7".Xw&fVwNg$)YOP.wKf YF 1 eje.5/"wx* _,=,v$?a" <XN9Y T O'h+i+?OeNyuN9 YKjv7"aWH9k#>0N9rHj" r ^` 1!N`N_rD9H"J<NX80,@i lk# T Q f T 2T f = 8f T 8f σt f (7) D^j"9<zL$N,}CJ f > 0K9kH" Q > 0JC.KG"lP.Xw&fVwO(d= J T < 0K7"Q < 0JdQKG"lP9H= J T > 0K9k#.Xw&fVwGO*>sd @G,RNg0~[}Khj[HsINNhG Q > 0JC.KHJk?a"e0hj(d=9k HKJk#N(d=O"[}(N}CK<& C.hjb"MP(N}CK<&dQN},!k?aK/k# GmU7J1lPJiJ$N,"P.wN 9H=rj&9k?aK.Xw&fVw,(d= 9kNGOJ/".Xw&fVwG9<zL$N, }C9k+i.Xw&fVw,(d=9kH$& HG"k#lKX7F"Sigmond et al. [200],Lr$bGkrTCF$k#`iO"P. wgn_s@=:gr\}5;?lgh.xw& fvwgn_s@=:gr\}5;?lgk"= l>lg$,inh&j~zr(9+ry?# =NkL"P.wNs@=:G}COP.wrC.9kl}G.Xw&fVwKO>\OF7J $H".Xw&fVwNs@=:G}CO.X w&fvwrdq9kl}gp.wko[hsi F7J$Hr(7?# ^?"J7K0hjC.JQKNg-$Hm[ I/$(d=,/kHM(ilk#]"*> sng0~[}khkc.,gbg-$.xw &LGO"(d=N9T<I,Gb.$ [IPCC, 2007; WMO, 2006; Randel et al., 2009]#l}" OeeGGbc9HJkFKfVw&LJ^ 1K GO"g0~[}KhkC.r/$e:.K<& G.dQGj&9k?a"[HsI(d=7J$ HM(ilk#7+7"fVwJ&LKK*1k b:yn9yq,o;q*kq7/"9 Ko? kq,g<?b/j$?a"=,jzro@il F$J$ [eig et al., 200; eig, 2006]# 5iK"e-NV0 M}YNQ=K<&9H =&(d=@1gj/"=lj0n.;jqkn Q0K/x9k9H=&(d=b8_9k#UN nk<t.xwgo"1980 /e+i 2000 /"K +1F"*>s[<kNHgK<CF*>sKh kg0~[},:j"^cj(d=,/c?# nk<t.xwn*>s:/k<&(d=o"9 <zl$nn}ck<&(d=hjbg-+c? H,sp5lF$k [WMO, 2006]# X 5.Xw&fVwN(d=,Z\9 F nk<t.xwn(d=o".xw>w8'c H$.JKk8'CHKr/=9k#=N70J k,p.w^g<jf/khg"p.w>w 8'CH$.,/=5l"J*+DK&K7UH 9k#lO"nK60HFPlkKhHf^Y hhn$5n7<=<,/=5lkhkjv9 k#=nkl"o=uagokhg(d="f^ YhG9H=9kHM(ilF$k [Thompson and Solomon, 2002]#l}G"*>s[<kNs K<$"nK<t.Xw,`7m9H=9kh &KJkH"UKP.w8'CH,c^Y&K\ 07"KhG9H=,/kH9kbb"k [Son et al., 2008]# fvwn(d=o"fkfvw&l><n6c 9hK=lkKfVw@J^ KN/8QYr} C5;kD=-,"k#KfVw@O":HW? J0KQ,5l?-?OJ/"fVwN(d=K <CF=lkh&KJC?HM(ilkH+i" $uq0n+jj"hbfplf$k [Thomas, 1996]#a/GO"L^ 0 YUaGbKfVw@,Q,5l?c,"k [Taylor et al., 2002],"= NVd8.a+K:`O=,KOr@5lF$ J$# ^?".Xw&fVw,(d=9kH"*>s
Handook ^ : KfVw@JPhoto by H. NilssonK# Nwr%?~,^)5l".Xw&fVwN*> sr}c5;kd=-,"k [WMO, 2006]#= N>Kb".Xw&fVw,(d=K<CF}L 9kH"=NeK"kE%XNbY,<,C?j".w&E%wN)Y,:/7FM)R1Nw?, dskd=-jibx&5lf$k [Roble and Dickinson, 1989]# 6 l$j<i$@<wh nkq,h VII f WhNE@Wm8'/H &fq,go"l^gq,t=nhg"c?f et.xw&<tfvwn9yq,rd=k9k l$j<i$@<n_vrwh7f$k#a/n R1Q,;QN/#Khj".Xw&fVwK* 1ke9YQ,O\5lkh&KJC?," ~V&bY,r=Nb$G<?r@kKO"l$ j<i$@<rq$?oeq,,,\g"k#\ WhGO"LokVN_D=Jl$j<i$@< Q,rkVGbT(kh&K9k?aNPvd" sv`nh5mq,rd=k9k?an;q*! X $rtcf$k#^?"f(kokfvw@+i N_<6pr,j9kHG"KfVw@N6k q$byk=jg"k#l$j<i$@<o" 2010 /P/Nh 52!FbGN<pOXN_V" ZS?Q+Or=j7F$k# 2M8% eig, G., P. Keckhut, R. P. Lowe, R. G. Roble, M. G. Mlynczak, J. Scheer, V. I. Fomichev, D. Offermann, W. J. R. French, M. G. Shepherd,. I. Semenov, E. E. Remsberg, C. Y. She, F. J. Lu bken, J. remer,. R. Clemesha, J. Stegman, F. Sigernes, and S. Fadnavis, Review of mesospheric temperature trends, Rev. Geophys., 1, 1015, doi:10.1029/2002rg000121, 200. eig, G., Trends in the mesopause region temperature and our present understanding an update, Phys. Chem. Earth, 1, -9, 2006. = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science asis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth ssessment Report
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