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+ ()/ 1). - # %$ $+ ($, & +/ %* $ + #%, $ ( #%1$ %.. #% 1. (% & $ t = 0 o C, + )(+! PR- O \ λ(nm) 435.8 486.1 546.1 587.6 656.3 PMMA 1.505 1.4973 1.4934 1.4914 1.4890 PS 1.6171 1.6056 1.5963 1.5917 1.586 PC 1.6117 1.5994 1.5896 1.5849 1.5793 CTE Rich. 1.603 1.597 1.5844 1.580 1.5750 SAN 1.588 1.5783 1.5705 1.5667 1.563 NAS-1 1.5933 1.5835 1.5753 1.5714 1.5674 S (low styrene) 1.5310 1.545 1.5188 1.516 1.5130 Optorez 1330 1.519 1.5163 1.5119 1.5094 1.5065 Zeonex E48R 1.5431 1.5376 1.5333 1.5309 1.58 Bayer 1.611 1.5998 1.5905 1.5857 1.5803 1.54 S-low styrene 1.51 PMMA (% & $ 1.53 1.51 (% & $ 1.5 1.49 1.5 10 0 30 40 50 + [ C] 1.48 10 0 30 40 50 + [ C] / 1. 3$+ (%* & $ +.!$$ $ +/ %& + () (%* & $, $%!$ + $%. #% $ &% + & () n/ T %$ %+ # (% %. % $ #%%. n/ T, %& $! $ )+% (). &% %$ % %.* () +, α %& +$ (% & $ d-%*. 6
n T ( n 1)( n n + ) α '#!$ + & () #% % +0 )+% () ($, & % +" %$ ( n/ T, & $!+" & $+!%" $!%. () #%. + & () (% %. & %+ + & () ( 10-4 K -1 ) (10 0) o C (0 50) o C g-line d-line C-line g-line d-line C-line PMMA -1.0-0.9-0.9-1.3-1.3-1.3 PS -1.3-1.3-1. -1.4-1.3-1.3 PC -0.6-0.5-0.4-1.1-1.0-1.0 SAN -1.1-1.0-1.0-1. -1.1-1.0 Optorez -1.0-0.1-0.9-1. -1. -1. S-low Styr. -1.5-1.4-1.3-1.7-1.6-1.6 Zeonex -1. -1. -1.1-1.3-1.3-1. CTE-Rich. -1.5-1.4-1.4-1.7-1.6-1.60 (10 30) o C (30 50) o C g-line d-line C-line g-line d-line C-line Bayer -0.9-0.8-0.8-1. -1. -1. %& + & () %$ + #%1. (% $ *!( -/%*+ &!(%. #%1$ $ n / T $%&$ + +%*$!%" $!%. 1.4. +& # )(+& +$* $!$ $+ #%( #% +&* + +$ (% & $ %&$ $( & [-4].!$ & & #$ + $% /+& )+ %$* +%. 0 $ *0 # %$ VF3 + )(+! %)-, $ (* $* %$ #. -+!$ # $ )/. * $(%1&$ $% #%( (50W -%/ %+ (%+), /+! -5 + # )& )% (). (++ ( %& +0 ()+! Varian Carry 5. 7
)%! O # ( $% &( (%+ δ γ 3%!# %$% + +&( VoF3 + ) /. ( +% # +$ (% & $ $!$ $+ & (!. 0 $%* #%( $% #$ $ %!& % +$ %$* (%+.!- + + )( VF3 + $* $ * #, ( & 0* $% (%* $!,.. +0 %!# +(( & %*!/!%! +" +%* (%. %$, (0 $ #%, (!+ $ * (%+ $* )(.$, $(%1&$0 %$ ) BPW3! (% # 1100 nm )&$$% 10 na/lx, %$% CA 3130T (. $-*0 (, )$ (. $! % /+!!/!%! δ %* %"*, ( & +(+%. &0* ) (. (%* & $ %* )+% (1), ( γ = 90 - δ. % +$* $+ #% $ $ #% 3. #% 3. (% & $, + /+! 5 $+ #% (!. O \ λ(nm): 548 589 597 659 703 PMMA 1.4938 1.491 1.4913 1.4893 1.4863 PS 1.5964 1.590 1.5909 1.586 1.580 PC 1.5898 1.5855 1.5845 1.5794 1.5749 CTE 1.5843 1.5806 1.5797 1.5750 1.571 SAN 1.5707 1.5666 1.5656 1.5619 1.5579 NAS-1 1.5757 1.5716 1.5709 1.5669 1.5643 S (low styrene) 1.5190 1.5170 1.5161 1.513 1.5119 Optorez 1330 1.511 1.510 1.5094 1.5067 1.5054 Zeonex E48R 1.5335 1.5318 1.5310 1.578 1.556 Bayer 1.5906 1.5859 1.5849 1.5797 1.5765 8
3 #%( $%!%" $!%: 546 () IF548(/), 588() IF589(/), 656() IF659(/) $ $ +" %, %& )(+! %)- /+& #. (+ $ %& (%* #%1$ (( +" %& +%, ( +" %!%" $!%, +(+% %(, (* %&$, $ $% 588() IF589(/) Zeonex + #%1. 0.0009. $%, %& $ +% -( $+ $%, $ $ + (!+ +$ (% & $ $ (!. % +$* $ $ #% 4 & * ( % & *. #% 4. (% & $, + /+! 5 $ #%( )&$ #% (!. O \ λ(nm): 75 804 833 879 105 PMMA 1.485 1.484 1.484 1.483 1.481 PS 1.580 1.579 1.577 1.576 1.57 PC 1.573 1.57 1.570 1.568 1.565 CTE 1.569 1.567 1.566 1.565 1.56 SAN 1.556 1.555 1.554 1.553 1.550 NAS-1 1.561 1.559 1.558 1.557 1.554 S (low styrene) 1.510 1.509 1.509 1.508 1.506 Optorez 1330 1.504 1.503 1.503 1.50 1.498 Zeonex E48R 1.54 1.53 1.53 1.5 1.50 Bayer 1.574 1.573 1.57 1.570 1.566 1.5. +$* %# # #, # +% ECC, $(%1&$ (( *( $, (! %, %& %& +. )+ ($* + +$ (% & $ % )(+! %)- /+& # * &. '!%% $ +$*!%" $!% 63.8 nm, ( $+ -%/ %+ %$ -N %. & %&. 0!%" $!%, $ $ %, %!& % %!& +/ -+%( %, ( %$ )& )%. *( % $ +$* $ $ #% 5. $ %& PS (% (PMMA, Acrylic, Polyacrylate) % #% 1, 3 4 ($, & + (% & $ #%(, ( PC ECC + &% -(.. 3$+ + %&$!$ %+ # % %&$ #! %. 9
#% 5. + (% & $ (% # ECC. O \ λ(nm): 435.8 486.1 587.6 63.8 703 833 879 105 Acrylic 1.50 1.498 1.49 1.490 1.488 1.485 1.485 1.483 Polyacrylate 1.506 1.499 1.494 1.49 1.491 1.489 1.488 1.486 Styrene 1.534 1.57 1.519 1.516 1.513 1.510 1.509 1.507 Cellulose 1.480 1.477 1.471 1.469 1.466 1.463 1.463 1.461 PC (ECC) 1.597 1.587 1.57 1.568 1.565 1.560 1.559 1.555 PS (ECC) 1.615 1.604 1.59 1.587 1.58 1.576 1.574 1.57 EBM-Copol. 1.586 1.575 1.561 1.558 1.554 1.548 1.547 1.545 S-Copol. 1.59 1.580 1.566 1.563 1.560 1.554 1.55 1.551 M-Copol. 1.598 1.586 1.571 1.566 1.557 1.549 1.548 1.545 ( $", *- #%1$ ++ %( $. n $ *. ( + + (% & $ EBM- Copolyester S-Copolyester ( %& & (*) %&$ (4 6) 10-3, ( +* $ /%+ + $ /%"* (% $%!0..-$( %& /%+ + n M-Copolyester ( %& & % %*/). % *#$ + $ # +% $ $+ & "+ #!$ &.$. 1.6. % % +$* (+# u, % U % +$ [5-8]. %* %&. )( ( % - u A ) +" &% & (% +/( +$*.-/%*+., (* %& u A = 3.65.10-4. ( $&( % $ ( % B u B ) #($ $* ( / (%. $%&. *0 # & $. %!& & $ +$ #, (%$ +* %. $%* +. (+%.!$ % : 4 4 4 u B, n = 1.73 10, u B, β = 0.3 10 u B, t = 1.7 10. +# % %* : C = ua + ub, n + ub, t + ub, β = 4. u 10. (3) 4, % %* U = k. u C. (4) 10
() k = ( $% $* p = 0,95) +(+%.. U = 8.4 10-4. ( +% %& (% & $ $ ($ #!$ )(+& % & (% % / &%., %& $! $ $ +% )( R ++ + [3, 9, 30].. $ %, %#- '#* (!# -#&# -#! '#.1. % ##, & % & * + (%* & $!%" $!% %(+/ %!& $ -+& #* $ & %+ +. % +" (/, $.( -(( +%.! $ %& ( +% % % & n g n F, &% ## ν d % & P g,f P d,c %$ $+*. 3 %$ * $ /%" & #% $!$!%% () * ν 879, & * n IR = n 703 n 105 % & * *+ * P 703,75,!$: n879 1 n703 n75 ν 879 =, P703,75 = (5) n703 n105 n703 n105 %& -(( & $ $ #% 6 7, ( /& -$( +% (ν d < 37)! ( * (ν d > 40). '. --( #% 6. ' -(( $( M- Copol. PC Bayer PS EBM Copol. CTE SAN NAS ν d 3.6 9.1 30.0 30.5 31.3 3.8 35.4 35.5 ν 879 45.7 56.8 54.3 57.6 60.8 6.8 69.1 55.7 n g n F 0.016 0.013 0.013 0.0115 0.0114 0.0096 0.0099 0.0098 n IR 0.010 0.0100 0.0105 0.0100 0.0090 0.0090 0.0080 0.0100 P g,f 0.51 0.61 0.631 0.593 0.637 0.54 0.619 0.609 P d,c 0.393 0.79 0.77 0.83 0.51 0.94 0.75 0.48 P 703,75 0.333 0.00 0.38 0.00 0. 0. 0.50 0.300 11
#% 7. ' -((! ( * '. --( S-Low Styrene Optorez Cellulose Zeonex PMMA Polyacrylate ν d 44.9 5.0 54.1 56.5 59. 63.3 ν 879 84.7 71.7 9.6 87.0 96.6 97.6 n g n F 0.0065 0.0056 0.0039 0.0055 0.005 0.0070 n IR 0.0060 0.0070 0.0050 0.0060 0.0050 0.0050 P g,f 0.565 0.571 0.448 0.585 0.66 0.897 P d,c 0.78 0.96 0.3 0.87 0.89 0.308 P 703,75 0.333 0.143 0.00 0.333 0.00 0.00 *% -+%(. (%* & $ + -/%+ &% ## %$% -( *, ( &!(% [31-33]. (* -+& #* $!+" (+#* $!( %0, (!%: Φ1 Φ + = 0, (6) ν ν 1 (! Φ 1 Φ & % $ %0 (Φ = 1/f, f )( *), ν 1 ν!$ &% ##. 3 / $!+" # #-+ )( * #($, #-+.$0 %0! &% -+%( & % %$%, -+%!( () *,!#%. -*0 (+#* ((* -+& #* +" %& & %$ ( ( PMMA, Polyacrylate % Cellulose $( %+ +% ( PS, PC, Bayer M-Copolyester /. 3 /%*+ & &!(% $ % %. $+ % & &% ## ( $% ##) %" ( & «+% $» /)( P ( λ 3, λ 4 ) *+ ν d. *$ -+& #* #% #($!0$*$ &$ %!&,!$$0 $ (* $+ & (!, $!$ )( $ #%1$ ( &* $& (! f,!%"0 %( $!$ )( $ $% $!% +"!%" $!%: P( λ 3, λ ) P 4 ( λ 3, λ 4 ) f ' = 1, (7) ν ν $", & -+* #% $& $!%" $!% +" & %$ +%, ( $% $% ##. +# ( %"% $( % %0, ( %( $ % & 1 1
&%, +" &% +% /%+ $&* (!. $ #% 6 7 $", & -/%*+ & %$ + #%(. % &. $ +" $ $+ P g,f ν d $+ P 703,75 ν 879 %$ ) #% ()/ 3). $. % &!$$ &% $ /%" (%, (! *.-&%. $ #% )/. 3 $", & &%. $&* (! 0 + #%,!$ + PMMA PC, Bayer, EBM- % S-Copolyester % Zeonex PS &% $+*. 3 /%" #% (!+ ( +" $(%1& Polyacrylate Cellulose, Zeonex +" (+# M-Copolyester. Polyacrylate PMMA Zeonex Optorez Acrylic Cellulose 65 60 55 50 EBMCop. SCop. PS (ECC) Bayer SAN Styrene PC NAS PS Styrene (ECC) CTE PC (ECC) MCop. 45 ν d ) 40 35 30 5 0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0. 0.1 0 0.6 P g,f 0.5 0.4 Zeonex Styrene PS (ECC) SCop. Polyacryl. NAS MCop. 0.3 P 703,75 SAN EBMCop. PMMA Bayer Styrene (ECC) Optorez CTE 0. Acrylic Cellulose PS PC PC (ECC) 0.1 0.0 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 ν 879 #) /. 3. 3$+ % & * &% ##: ) $+; #) #%( #%. 13
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% +$*. #% 8 $ %& %( +" &% (% & $ (%" &!(% SF3 [3], ( # +. ( $" %, %$!$ & &% %&$!0$ %( $ &% +.. /&$ (+* &% $ & -&%, +!%" $!%, ( %( / ± 3 10-5..-#!$ +" &% (%". (%* & $ %&$ %$, + (), ( $ #%1$ %( $ &. %$% & $& & () % λ #-+,!. ( $ $,$ &. #% 8. %( +" &% +. n &!(% SF3 $ $+ #* () $ (11) λ, nm SF3 n 3 (). 4 (). 5 (). 6 (). 7 (). 365.0 1.81465-0.00339-0.0000-0.00001 0 0 404,7 (h) 1.78850 0.00109 0.00031 0.0000 0 0 435,8 (g) 1.77448 0.0006 0.0000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 480 (F') 1.7607 0.00191-0.00006-0.00003-0.00001-0.00001 486,1 (F) 1.75866 0.00184-0.00007-0.00001 0 0 546,1 (e) 1.74618 0.00077-0.00017 0 0 0 587,6 (d) 1.73998 0.00003-0.00014 0 0 0 589,3 (D) 1.73975 0.00001-0.00013 0.00001 0 0 63,8 (laser) 1.73468-0.0006-0.00006 0.00001 0 0 643,9 (C') 1.73357-0.00075-0.00003 0.00001 0 0 656,3 (C ) 1.7338-0.00089-0.00001 0.00001 0 0 706,5 (r ) 1.785-0.0019 0.00009 0-0.00001-0.00001 768. 1.744-0.00145 0.00019 0 0 0 85,1 (s) 1.7011-0.0010 0.0003-0.0000 0 0 1014 (t) 1.71463 0.00057-0.00001 0 0 0 1060 (laser) 1.71344 0.00133-0.00014 0.00001 0 0 $ ( %* #. () % λ, $ %/& &%*!$ #, $ (), &0 & $ #% (#% 9). $*$ % $ (% #% 8 9 ($, & $!$" $& () %"% λ $%* & &%. # % %& / &!(%, ( $ (.! $ $ )+%, (* %$ &%*$ (), + (&%* $: A3 A4 A5 A6 n λ = A1 + Aλ + + + +, (1) 4 6 8 λ λ λ λ (* 0 $ % [37, 38], $ *( & /+ ( [39, 40, 41] & (% [34]. $ $ (1) $ 0 ( )+% 15
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", / " $ % * (%$ #!" % (): 1. 13 th International School on Quantum Electronics Laser physics and applications, 0-4 September 004, Bourgas, Bulgaria. VII % &- (&( ()* +" & 006, 9 +. 1 1 006, %!&$ #*/, 6!%/* 3. 15 th International School on Condensed Matter Physics Interfaces, Thin Solid Films and Biomolecular Layers, 31 August 5 September 008, Varna, Bulgaria 4. 15 th International School on Quantum Electronics Laser physics and applications, 15-19 September 008, Bourgas, Bulgaria 5. Conference on Ultrafast and Nonlinear Optics UFNO 009, 14 18 September 009, Bourgas, Bulgaria 6. 16 th International School on Condensed Matter Physics Progress in Solid State and Molecular Electronics, Ionics and Photonics, 9 August 3 September 010, Varna, Bulgaria ", / " 1. Kasarova S., N. Sultanova, C. Ivanov and I. Nikolov, Analysis of the dispersion of optical plastic materials, Optical Materials, vol. 9, Iss. 11, 007, pp. 1481 1490. A. Kasarova S., N. Sultanova, T. Petrova, V. Dragostinova, I. Nikolov, Refractive characteristics of thin polymer films, J. Opt. Adv. Mat., vol. 11, Iss.10, 009, pp. 1440-1443. A3. Nikolov I., N. Sultanova, S. Kasarova, Laser measurements of optical plastics, Proc. SPIE, vol. 5830, 005, pp. 511-515. A4. Kasarova S., N. Sultanova, T. Petrova, V. Dragostinova, I. Nikolov, Three-wavelength laser microrefractometer, Proc. SPIE, vol. 707, 008, pp. 7071O (6 pages). A5. Kasarova S., N. Sultanova, T. Petrova, V. Dragostinova, I. Nikolov, Optical properties of thin polymer films, Proc. of SPIE, vol. 7501, 009, pp.75010p (8 pages). A6.!$.,. %$,. $$, $. (%$, )(+& -(( & %+,,,, #. 1, 006,. 7 1. A7.!$.,. %$., $. (%$, $% )(+& -(( & %+ &!(%,,( $ ). -. 3%$ 6/, + V7 (1), 007,. 30-35.!$ * + 66, $ 1. 34
1. Handbook of plastic optics, Ed. Stefan Bäumer, Wiley-VCH,Germany, 010, pp. 13-130. (*..,., &( $.$ %+$, +*, /, 1976. 3. Van Krevelen D.W., Properties of Polymers, Third Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997, pp. 87 30. 4. The handbook of plastic optics, First Ed., U. S. Precision Lens, Cincinnati, Ohio 4545, 1973, pp. 11 3. 5. Selection of polymeric materials: How to select design properties from different standards, Ed. Alfredo Campo, William Andrew Inc, USA, 008 6. Characterization and failure analysis of plastics, ASM International 003, pp. 177-181. 7. Polymer Data Handbook. Ed. Mark J, Oxford University Press, Inc., 1999. 8. $(..., &( $.$ $0$, &( $%&8, 9/+, ($, 1991,.766-767, 785 786. 9. Wolpert H. D., The photonics design and applications handbook, Optical plastics: Properties and tolerances, 1991, pp. H-300 H-307. 10. Arai N., Projection lens for a television projector, U. S. Patent 4,666,61, issued May 19, 1987. 11. Yamada H., Projection lens system for projectors, U. S. Patent 5,1,597 issued May 18, 1993. 1. Moskovich J., Color corrected projection lens, U. S. Patent Number Re. 35,310, issued Aug. 6, 1996. 13. Kreitzer M.H. and J. Moskovich, Wide-angle DMD projection lens, U.S. Patent 5,870,8, issued Feb. 9, 1999. 14. Property data Styron Inc. Available online at http://www.matweb.com, 003. 15. Plastics Sheet Boedeker Plastics Inc. http://www.boedecer.com, 004. 16. Nippon Zeon Company, Optical Polymers Dept., Tokyo, Japan, http://www.zeonex.com,1999. 17. Plastic Optics, Division of Align Optics http://www.plasticoptics. com, 003. 18. Ishigure T., E. Nihei, Y. Koike, Optimum refractive-index profile of the graded-index polymer optical fiber, toward gigabit data links, Applied optics 35 (1), 1996, pp. 048-053 19. Obreja P., M. Kusko, D. Cristea, M. Purica, F. Comanescu, Doped polymers with controllable refractive index preparation, processing and applications, Proceedings of the Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program, Wroclaw 1-14 October 006, pp. 39-395. 0. Bulinski M. et all., Optical and electronic properties of metal doped polymers for integrated optics, J. of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 5 (1), March 003, pp. 331 335. 1. Carl Zeiss JENA. The manual of Pulfrich-Refraktometer PR, Jena D-77830, Germany, 1976. 35
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