J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys. No. 3., p.,+ -+,**- * Trace gas emissions from soil ecosystems and their implications in the atmospheric environment Kazuyuki YAGI* * National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science, - + - Kannondai, Tsukuba -*/ 20*. + CO, CH. N,O: IPCC WMO IPCC,**+ ;WMO,**- +331 +, +321 3 +33- CFC +33/,***,, + +3 + IPCC,**+ + GWP : Global Warming Potential +**,- +30 + 0.,* 0 IPCC,**+,, * -*/ 20*. - + - :
22 3.,**- + IPCC,**+ IPCC +, IPCC +33/ -*, + 0* Tg ++ /* 1*.-,
: 23 + IPCC +33/ Tg yr + Tg yr + ++/,* +* +/.* -* +/ 2/ 0*.*.*,/,/ // +/* +* /* / /* +*.*,/ /* +/./ / -* + -* 0/ +**,* +**,* 2*,* 1*,* -* +/ 2*, IPCC +33/ Tg N yr + Tg N yr + -4* *40-4* +4* +4* +4*.4, *4/,4+ +4- + / *4- +4,,4, -41 *4/,4* *4+,4* *4/,4+ *40 +.42 *4, +4* *40-4+ *41 +42 - - +, Eh +/* mv +312,
24 3.,**-, O, -, Schütz et al., +33* Eh Denier van der Gon and Neue, +33/ Eh Eh
: 25 Eh Yagi et al., +330 Sass et al., +33* - - mg m, hr + + +** gm, - 0* Tg,* +** Tg IPCC +33/ +33, +33. +330 +3.* +,./ gm, --* Gg --,**- -., -
26 3.,**-,**-.. + NH.-N NO --N +33.. NO N,O hole-in-the-pipe model Firestone and Davidson, +323 NO,***. hole-in-the-pipe model Firestone and Davidson, +323., / Yan et al.,,**+ McTaggart et al., / CDM : UDM : USM : ;B: S: H: Yan et al.,,**+
: 27 +33.,**-,*** IPCC IPCC,**+. - Bouwman +330 + E + *.*+,/ N appl + E kg N ha + yr + N appl kgn ha + yr + + kg N ha + yr + N appl *.*+,/ +33* 2* Tg N yr + +... +* 3 ha +.. +.* Tg N yr + *.+ / Bouwman +.,/ +330..., Gg N yr +.. Li et al., +330 ; Hosen et al.,,*** / / + +* pptv GWP Cl Br,**/,*+/
28 3.,**- WMO,**- +33, 1/,0,/ /,,3** 1* +0 2,.1 -.1 -/.2 +,.. 3.3 2, +331 /, -.0 +33. +332 -* 3* ph,0./ Gg yr + : +0.2 Gg yr + WMO,**- 0 +332 1 0 +332
: 29 +* / - : +332 ;,***,**/ 0 Bouwman, A.F. (+330) : Direct emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils. Nutr. Cycle. Agroecosys.,.0 : /- 1*. Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. and H.U. Neue (+33/) : Influence of organic matter incorporation on methane emission from a wetland rice field. Global Biogeochem. Cycle, 3 : ++,,. Firestone, M.K. and E.A. Davidson (+323) : Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere. pp. 1,+, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Hosen, Y., H. Tsuruta and K. Minami (,***) : E#ects of depth of NO and N,O productions in soil on their emission rates to the atmosphere : analysis by a simulation model. Nutr. Cycle Agroecosys., /1 : 2-32. IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (+33/) : Climate change +33/, the scientific basis. Cambridge university press. IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (,**+) : Climate change,**+, the scientific basis. Cambridge university press [http : //www.ipcc. ch/, http : //www.gispri.or.jp/kankyo/ ipcc/ipccreport.html +33. :.3 :,2 -,. +331 : Techno Innnovation,/ :,+,0. Li, C., V. Narayanan and R.C. Harris (+330) : Model estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural lands in the United States. Global Biogeochem. Cycle, +* :,31 -*0. McTaggart, I.P., H. Clayton and K.A. Smith (+33.) : Non-CO, greenhouse gases. pp..,+.,0, Kluwer Academic Publ. +330 :,**- : +3 No.,.. +332 : /- : + 0. Sass, R.L., F.M. Fisher, P.A. Harcombe and F.T.
30 3.,**- Turner (+33*) : Methane production and emission in a Texas rice field. Global Biogeochem. Cycles,. :.1 02. Schütz, H., W. Seiler and R. Conrad (+33*) : Influence of soil temperature on methane emission from rice paddy fields. Biogeochem., ++ : 11 3/. +312 : pp.,- //,*** : 1+ : //. /0.. WMO, World Meteorological Organization (,**-) : Scientific assessment of ozone depletion :,**,. WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No..1 [http : //www.wmo.ch/index-en.html Yagi, K., H. Tsuruta, K. Kanda and K. Minami (+330) : E#ect of water management on methane emission from a Japanese rice paddy field : automated methane monitoring. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, +* :,//,01.,*** : 1+ : 1+2 1,/.,**- : +/ Yan, X., Y. Hosen and K. Yagi (,**+) : Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from maize field plots as a#ected by N fertilizer type and application method. Biol. Fertil. Soil, -. :,31 -*-. +33. : pp. 2/ +*/ :,**- 1,/ :,**- 3 +
: 31 : N, O : CO, NO N,O C N C N : : :