Supporting Information. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2008

Supporting Information Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, 2008

Uniform Metal (Hydr)oxide Particles from Water/Ionic Liquid Precursor (ILP) mixtures Zhonghao Li, a, Pierre Rabu, b Peter Strauch, a Alexandre Mantion, c, and Andreas Taubert, a,d, * [a] Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [b] Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, UMR7504 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. [c] Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland [d] Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14476 Golm.

Appendix 1: CuO Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 0 32.5666 125.62 26.8014 0 0 2 35.4288 120.78 26.8014-1 1 1 35.6065 97.15 26.8014 1 1 1 38.7471 102.19 26.8014 2 0 0 38.9227 137.01 26.8014-1 1 2 46.3128 89.47 26.8014-2 0 2 48.7712 102.14 26.8014 1 1 2 51.3557 92.78 26.8014 0 2 0 53.6248 126.28 26.8014 0 2 1 56.8537 113.27 26.8014 2 0 2 58.2245 81.67 26.8014-1 1 3 61.5869 96.63 26.8014 0 2 2 65.9266 98.84 26.8014-3 1 1 66.2879 133.18 26.8014 3 1 0 66.4997 132.24 26.8014

1 1 3 67.8848 95.33 26.8014 2 2 0 68.2187 125.62 26.8014-2 2 1 69.0292 113.84 26.8014-3 1 2 71.7631 111.69 26.8014 3 1 1 72.375 108.07 26.8014 2 2 1 73.043 116.22 26.8014 0 0 4 74.9688 120.78 26.8014-2 2 2 75.396 97.15 26.8014 0 2 3 79.8369 94.85 26.8014-2 0 4 80.223 103 26.8014-1 1 4 80.3082 104.23 26.8014-3 1 3 82.4628 97.93 26.8014 2 2 2 83.1274 102.19 26.8014 3 1 2 83.4405 91.42 26.8014 4 0 0 83.5708 137.01 26.8014-4 0 2 86.6011 133.46 26.8014-2 2 3 86.9159 89.71 26.8014 1 1 4 87.9442 99.74 26.8014 1 3 0 88.3436 125.86 26.8014-1 3 1 90.0473 117.11 26.8014 1 3 1 91.9452 121.47 26.8014 2 0 4 95.4591 89.07 26.8014-1 3 2 97.0733 104.06 26.8014-3 1 4 98.2324 94.38 26.8014 2 2 3 98.3321 94.81 26.8014 0 2 4 98.487 96.3 26.8014 3 1 3 99.6075 85.35 26.8014 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 107.62 (15.36) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 26.8014 ( 0.0081) %%

Appendix 2: NiO Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 1 37.3331 26.15 53.2076 2 0 0 43.3786 26.5 73.1721 2 2 0 63.0211 34.93 53.3596 3 1 1 75.5944 28.29 33.4664 2 2 2 79.6015 26.15 70.2818 4 0 0 95.3176 26.5 73.1721 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 28.09 ( 3.15) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 59.4433 ( 14.4056) %%

Appendix 3: Ni(OH) 2 Note: Peaks at 2θ 30 and 2θ 60 are due to the organics still present in the sample Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 0 0 1 19.2074 30.49 37.4761 1 0 0 33.192 112.24 37.4761 0 1 1 38.6317 16.53 37.4761 1 0 1 38.6317 20.99 37.4761 0 0 2 38.9827 30.49 37.4761 0 1 2 52.1079 13.4 37.4761 1 0 2 52.1079 14.77 37.4761 1 1 0 59.3014 90.46 37.4761 0 0 3 60.0658 30.49 37.4761 1 1 1 62.9443 31.14 37.4761 2 0 0 69.6739 112.24 37.4761 0 1 3 70.376 15.49 37.4761 1 0 3 70.376 16.29 37.4761 0 2 1 73.0404 31.92 37.4761 2 0 1 73.0404 48.37 37.4761

1 1 2 73.2702 16.38 37.4761 0 2 2 82.8366 16.53 37.4761 2 0 2 82.8366 20.99 37.4761 0 0 4 83.7226 30.49 37.4761 1 1 3 89.4541 14.02 37.4761 0 1 4 93.0849 18.16 37.4761 1 0 4 93.0849 18.69 37.4761 2 1 0 98.1702 95.88 37.4761 0 2 3 98.8374 13.52 37.4761 2 0 3 98.8374 15.67 37.4761 1 2 1 101.4072 43.4 37.4761 2 1 1 101.4072 54.59 37.4761 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 36.06 (29.99) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 37.4761 (0.0201) %%

Appendix 4: Co(OH) 2 Note: Peaks at 2θ 30 and 2θ 60 are due to the organics still present in the sample Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 0 0 1 19.1113 69.65 27.1697 1 0 0 32.5575 710.68 27.1697 0 1 1 38.0255 181.29 27.1697 1 0 1 38.0255 194.16 27.1697 0 0 2 38.7817 69.65 27.1697 0 1 2 51.5091 158.63 27.1697 1 0 2 51.5091 202.62 27.1697 1 1 0 58.0921 594.44 27.1697 0 0 3 59.7377 69.65 27.1697 1 1 1 61.7421 251.03 27.1697 2 0 0 68.1975 710.68 27.1697 0 1 3 69.7076 132.13 27.1697

1 0 3 69.7076 152.14 27.1697 0 2 1 71.5611 321.54 27.1697 2 0 1 71.5611 278.18 27.1697 1 1 2 72.0556 178.67 27.1697 0 2 2 81.3183 181.29 27.1697 2 0 2 81.3183 194.16 27.1697 0 0 4 83.2146 69.65 27.1697 1 1 3 88.1367 180.12 27.1697 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 245.02 ( 192.14) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 27.1697 ( 0.0054) %%

Appendix 5: CoFeO 4 Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 1 18.387 117.11 68.7316 2 2 0 30.2472 133.57 68.7316 3 1 1 35.6289 125.29 68.7316 2 2 2 37.2701 117.11 68.7316 4 0 0 43.3044 147.23 68.7315 3 3 1 47.4162 126.85 68.7316 4 2 2 53.7308 120.15 68.7316 3 3 3 57.2804 117.11 68.7315 5 1 1 57.2804 134.59 68.7315 4 4 0 62.9067 133.57 68.7316 5 3 1 66.1472 127.12 68.7316 4 4 2 67.209 122.16 68.7316 6 2 0 71.3794 133.62 68.7315 5 3 3 74.44 118.87 68.7315 6 2 2 75.4497 125.29 68.7316 4 4 4 79.4461 117.11 68.7316

5 5 1 82.4086 130.72 68.7316 7 1 1 82.4086 139.63 68.7316 6 4 2 87.305 123.78 68.7316 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 126.89 (8.32) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 68.7316 (0.0490) %%

Appendix 6: ZnO, non doped Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 0 0 31.7421 246.65 23.596 0 0 2 34.477 377.89 23.596 1 0 1 36.2434 206.57 23.596 1 0 2 47.5631 216.91 23.596 1 1 0 56.5455 230.42 23.596 1 0 3 62.9209 237.44 23.596 2 0 0 66.3156 246.65 23.596 1 1 2 67.9369 275.7 23.596 2 0 1 69.0356 216.23 23.596 0 0 4 72.6976 377.89 23.596 2 0 2 76.9352 206.57 23.596 1 0 4 81.4983 256.53 23.596 2 0 3 89.6279 208.91 23.596 2 1 0 92.6954 367.55 23.596 2 1 1 95.2176 351.33 23.596 1 1 4 98.7029 327.85 23.596 2 1 2 102.8661 340.19 23.596

1 0 5 104.3217 272.25 23.596 2 0 4 107.5109 216.91 23.596 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 244.75 ( 86.49) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 16.9290 ( 0.0034) %%

Appendix 6: ZnO, Co doped Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 0 0 31.7421 246.65 23.596 0 0 2 34.477 377.89 23.596 1 0 1 36.2434 206.57 23.596 1 0 2 47.5631 216.91 23.596 1 1 0 56.5455 230.42 23.596 1 0 3 62.9209 237.44 23.596 2 0 0 66.3156 246.65 23.596 1 1 2 67.9369 275.7 23.596 2 0 1 69.0356 216.23 23.596 0 0 4 72.6976 377.89 23.596 2 0 2 76.9352 206.57 23.596 1 0 4 81.4983 256.53 23.596 2 0 3 89.6279 208.91 23.596 2 1 0 92.6954 367.55 23.596 2 1 1 95.2176 351.33 23.596 1 1 4 98.7029 327.85 23.596

2 1 2 102.8661 340.19 23.596 1 0 5 104.3217 272.25 23.596 2 0 4 107.5109 216.91 23.596 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 272.66 (61.47) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 23.5960 (0.0109) %%

Appendix 7: ZnO, Cu dopped Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 0 0 31.7421 258.62 26.1067 0 0 2 34.477 399.17 26.1067 1 0 1 36.2434 211.07 26.1067 1 0 2 47.5631 220.49 26.1067 1 1 0 56.5455 237.37 26.1067 1 0 3 62.9209 241.76 26.1067 2 0 0 66.3156 258.62 26.1067 1 1 2 67.9369 255.09 26.1067 2 0 1 69.0356 222.99 26.1067 0 0 4 72.6976 399.17 26.1067 2 0 2 76.9352 211.07 26.1067 1 0 4 81.4983 262.06 26.1067 2 0 3 89.6279 212.59 26.1067 2 1 0 92.6954 226.46 26.1067

2 1 1 95.2176 217.3 26.1067 1 1 4 98.7029 296.35 26.1067 2 1 2 102.8661 216.88 26.1067 1 0 5 104.3217 279.05 26.1067 2 0 4 107.5109 220.49 26.1067 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 255.08 (54.86) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 26.1067 (0.0154) %%

Appendix 8: γ-fe 2 O 3 Composition: γ-fe2o3: 87% Fe 3 O 4 : 23% Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : g-fe2o3: h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 1 18.4324 78.73 44.383 2 2 0 30.3231 75.83 44.383 3 1 1 35.719 72.12 44.383 2 2 2 37.3647 78.73 44.383

4 0 0 43.4158 78.1 44.383 3 3 1 47.5395 76.14 44.383 4 2 2 53.873 73.87 44.383 3 3 3 57.4338 78.73 44.383 5 1 1 57.4338 73.9 44.383 4 4 0 63.0785 75.83 44.383 5 3 1 66.3301 73.45 44.383 4 4 2 67.3956 76.78 44.383 6 2 0 71.5811 73.4 44.383 5 3 3 74.6533 75.64 44.383 6 2 2 75.6669 72.12 44.383 4 4 4 79.6795 78.73 44.383 5 5 1 82.6545 75.91 44.383 7 1 1 82.6545 75.47 44.383 6 4 2 87.573 74.43 44.383 Fe 3 O 4 : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 1 18.2676 78.73 44.5459 2 2 0 30.0479 75.83 44.5459 3 1 1 35.3919 72.12 44.5459 2 2 2 37.0214 78.73 44.5459 4 0 0 43.0117 78.1 44.5459 3 3 1 47.0925 76.14 44.5459 4 2 2 53.3574 73.87 44.5459 3 3 3 56.878 78.73 44.5459 5 1 1 56.878 73.9 44.5459 4 4 0 62.4561 75.83 44.5459 5 3 1 65.6675 73.45 44.5459 4 4 2 66.7196 76.78 44.5459 6 2 0 70.8504 73.4 44.5459 5 3 3 73.8807 75.64 44.5459 6 2 2 74.8802 72.12 44.5459 4 4 4 78.8346 78.73 44.5459 5 5 1 81.7643 75.91 44.5459 7 1 1 81.7643 75.47 44.5459 6 4 2 86.6033 74.43 44.5459 5 5 3 89.4928 77.31 44.5459 7 3 1 89.4928 72.51 44.5459

g-fe2o3: Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 75.68 (2.15) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 44.3830 (0.0228) %% Fe 3 O 4 : Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 75.61 (2.19) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 44.5459 (0.0023)

Appendix 9: La(OH)3 Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 0 1 0 15.6736 29.1 79.7231 1 1 0 27.3211 58.37 79.7231 0 1 1 28.0228 70.7 79.7231 0 2 0 31.6505 29.03 79.7231 1 1 1 36.0607 76.3 79.7231 0 2 1 39.5374 54.48 79.7231 1 2 0 42.293 40.61 79.7231 2 1 0 42.293 50.11 79.7231 0 0 2 47.1736 55.04 79.7231 0 3 0 48.2912 29.02 79.7231 1 2 1 48.7262 56.56 79.7231 2 1 1 48.7262 63.63 79.7231 0 1 2 50.0143 62.46 79.7231 0 3 1 54.1765 41.73 79.7232

1 1 2 55.3732 72.25 79.7231 2 2 0 56.3723 57.89 79.7232 0 2 2 57.924 70.7 79.7231 1 3 0 58.8949 33.96 79.7232 3 1 0 58.8949 41.27 79.7232 2 2 1 61.7227 65.12 79.7232 1 3 1 64.1157 42.98 79.7231 3 1 1 64.1157 50.29 79.7231 1 2 2 65.1974 73.22 79.7232 2 1 2 65.1974 75.51 79.7231 0 4 0 66.1052 29.02 79.7231 0 3 2 69.8106 65.84 79.7232 0 4 1 71.0342 36.36 79.7231 2 3 0 72.932 48.06 79.7231 3 2 0 72.932 56.57 79.7231 0 1 3 75.9765 58.39 79.7231 2 2 2 76.4924 75.49 79.7232 1 4 0 77.3415 31.39 79.7231 4 1 0 77.3415 37.03 79.7231 2 3 1 77.6753 53.96 79.7232 3 2 1 77.6753 61.52 79.7232 1 3 2 78.6741 62.25 79.7231 3 1 2 78.6741 67.34 79.7231 1 1 3 80.3312 64.68 79.7232 1 4 1 82.0051 37.14 79.7231 4 1 1 82.0051 42.86 79.7231 0 2 3 82.486 66.85 79.7231 0 4 2 85.1333 54.57 79.7231 0 5 0 85.9628 29.06 79.7231 1 2 3 88.8989 72.21 79.7231 2 1 3 88.8989 71.94 79.7231 3 3 0 90.2271 57.9 79.7232 0 5 1 90.553 33.57 79.7231 2 3 2 91.5307 66.93 79.7232 3 2 2 91.5307 71.43 79.7232 2 4 0 92.3582 40.49 79.7231 4 2 0 92.3582 50.11 79.7231 0 3 3 93.1615 71.11 79.7231 3 3 1 94.8196 61.35 79.7232 1 4 2 95.8014 51.73 79.7232 4 1 2 95.8014 57.14 79.7232 2 4 1 96.9615 44.98 79.7232 4 2 1 96.9615 54.09 79.7232 1 5 0 98.7834 30.2 79.7232 5 1 0 98.7834 34.77 79.7232

2 2 3 99.5961 76.61 79.7231 1 3 3 101.7643 72.07 79.7232 3 1 3 101.7643 73.92 79.7232 1 5 1 103.4593 34.1 79.7231 5 1 1 103.4593 38.75 79.7231 0 5 2 104.4666 46.89 79.7231 0 0 4 106.3128 55.39 79.7231 0 4 3 108.3872 68.55 79.7232 0 1 4 108.5459 57.3 79.7231 3 3 2 108.9162 69.19 79.7231 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 54.22 (14.73) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 79.7231 (0.0314) %%

Appendix 10: Ce(OH) 3 Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 0 1 0 16.4916 27.71 5.0353 1 1 0 28.7669 69.23 5.0353 0 1 1 29.3997 65.5 5.0353 0 2 0 33.3377 27.64 5.0353 1 1 1 37.9135 63.73 5.0353 0 2 1 41.5997 47.55 5.0353 1 2 0 44.5996 48.84 5.0353 2 1 0 44.5996 50.04 5.0353 0 0 2 49.502 59.58 5.0353 0 3 0 50.9681 27.65 5.0353 1 2 1 51.3629 54.25 5.0353 2 1 1 51.3629 56.83 5.0353 0 1 2 52.5346 62.26 5.0353 0 3 1 57.1727 37.69 5.0353

1 1 2 58.264 63.41 5.0353 2 2 0 59.5798 72.85 5.0353 0 2 2 60.9962 65.5 5.0353 1 3 0 62.2769 38.07 5.0353 3 1 0 62.2769 37.99 5.0353 2 2 1 65.2479 68.35 5.0353 1 3 1 67.8177 45.43 5.0353 3 1 1 67.8177 44.46 5.0353 1 2 2 68.8106 63.65 5.0353 2 1 2 68.8106 63.97 5.0353 0 4 0 70.0144 27.67 5.0353 0 3 2 73.789 53.29 5.0353 0 4 1 75.2774 33.42 5.0353 2 3 0 77.3868 59.57 5.0353 3 2 0 77.3868 63.46 5.0353 0 1 3 80.2087 62.26 5.0353 2 2 2 81.0392 66.72 5.0353 1 4 0 82.1783 33.92 5.0353 4 1 0 82.1783 33.42 5.0353 2 3 1 82.4886 60.6 5.0353 3 2 1 82.4886 63.24 5.0353 1 3 2 83.4183 57.68 5.0353 3 1 2 83.4183 56.34 5.0353 1 1 3 84.964 62.55 5.0353 1 4 1 87.2231 38.18 5.0353 4 1 1 87.2231 37.86 5.0353 0 2 3 87.3266 62.13 5.0353 0 4 2 90.5039 47.23 5.0353 0 5 0 91.631 27.5 5.0353 1 2 3 94.403 61.7 5.0353 2 1 3 94.403 64.53 5.0353 3 3 0 96.358 72.81 5.0353 0 5 1 96.6675 32.18 5.0353 2 3 2 97.5973 61.35 5.0353 3 2 2 97.5973 64.23 5.0353 2 4 0 98.7358 49.76 5.0353 4 2 0 98.7358 50.04 5.0353 0 3 3 99.1517 63.79 5.0353 3 3 1 101.4425 70.28 5.0353 1 4 2 102.3855 49.92 5.0353 4 1 2 102.3855 48.31 5.0353 2 4 1 103.8584 51.17 5.0353 4 2 1 103.8584 52.08 5.0353 1 5 0 105.9795 31.89 5.0353 5 1 0 105.9795 31.24 5.0353

2 2 3 106.4074 64.33 5.0353 1 3 3 108.881 62.94 5.0353 3 1 3 108.881 62.76 5.0353 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 52.49 (13.46) Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 5.0353 (0.0075)

Appendix 11: Eu(OH) 3 Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 0 1 0 16.1532 24.07 87.8605 1 1 0 28.1685 68.55 87.8605 0 1 1 29.2754 158.72 87.8605 0 2 0 32.6391 24.89 87.8605 1 1 1 37.503 145.59 87.8605 0 2 1 41.0756 85.83 87.8605 1 2 0 43.6436 32.35 87.8605 2 1 0 43.6436 106.53 87.8605 0 0 2 49.6816 47.1 87.8605 0 3 0 49.8576 24.94 87.8605 1 2 1 50.5499 61.1 87.8605 2 1 1 50.5499 205.06 87.8605 0 1 2 52.5871 63.38 87.8605 0 3 1 56.1895 47.1 87.8605

1 1 2 58.0893 92.05 87.8605 2 2 0 58.2474 82.23 87.8605 0 2 2 60.7174 158.72 87.8605 1 3 0 60.8712 25.84 87.8605 3 1 0 60.8712 58.28 87.8605 2 2 1 64.0229 124.15 87.8605 1 3 1 66.5135 43.46 87.8605 3 1 1 66.5135 90.09 87.8605 1 2 2 68.2423 143.17 87.8605 2 1 2 68.2423 198.25 87.8605 0 4 0 68.3869 24.99 87.8605 0 3 2 73.0388 94.37 87.8605 0 4 1 73.7341 36.02 87.8605 2 3 0 75.5284 41.72 87.8605 3 2 0 75.5284 152.01 87.8605 2 2 2 80.021 379.33 87.8605 1 4 0 80.1574 24.11 87.8605 4 1 0 80.1574 43.45 87.8605 0 1 3 80.4245 49.49 87.8605 2 3 1 80.6968 61.23 87.8605 3 2 1 80.6968 198.74 87.8605 1 3 2 82.3103 115.13 87.8605 3 1 2 82.3103 180.52 87.8605 1 1 3 84.9865 67.82 87.8605 1 4 1 85.2562 32.01 87.8605 4 1 1 85.2562 57.86 87.8605 0 2 3 87.2539 72.18 87.8605 0 4 2 89.1193 82.57 87.8605 0 5 0 89.2536 24.55 87.8605 3 3 0 93.7803 68.55 87.8605 1 2 3 94.0442 136.51 87.8605 2 1 3 94.0442 106.89 87.8605 0 5 1 94.3136 32 87.8605 2 3 2 95.9157 99 87.8605 3 2 2 95.9157 303.77 87.8605 2 4 0 96.0508 33.66 87.8605 4 2 0 96.0508 106.53 87.8605 0 3 3 98.597 129.98 87.8605 3 3 1 98.8688 100.83 87.8605 1 4 2 100.4876 73.17 87.8605 4 1 2 100.4876 110.78 87.8605 2 4 1 101.166 40.61 87.8605 4 2 1 101.166 130.1 87.8605 1 5 0 102.9351 23.56 87.8605 5 1 0 102.9351 37.03 87.8605

2 2 3 105.5406 128.79 87.8605 1 3 3 107.9026 133.91 87.8605 3 1 3 107.9026 158.89 87.8605 1 5 1 108.1851 28.32 87.8605 5 1 1 108.1851 45.19 87.8605 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 91.84 (67.33) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 87.8604 (0.1261) %%

Appendix 11: Gd(OH) 3 Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 0 1 0 16.203 23.88 56.7215 1 1 0 28.2565 161.8 56.7215 0 1 1 29.5399 255.49 56.7215 0 2 0 32.7419 24.71 56.7215 1 1 1 37.7611 87.08 56.7215 0 2 1 41.336 69.09 56.7215 1 2 0 43.7841 81.52 56.7215 2 1 0 43.7841 90.56 56.7215 0 3 0 50.0207 26.36 56.7215 0 0 2 50.2876 49.6 56.7215 1 2 1 50.8253 117.78 56.7215 2 1 1 50.8253 116.3 56.7215 0 1 2 53.1864 90.83 56.7215 0 3 1 56.4789 41.94 56.7215

2 2 0 58.4429 295.14 56.7215 1 1 2 58.6831 279.52 56.7215 1 3 0 61.0775 47.22 56.7215 3 1 0 61.0775 40.35 56.7215 0 2 2 61.3113 97.51 56.7215 2 2 1 64.3367 311.31 56.7215 1 3 1 66.8363 81.02 56.7215 3 1 1 66.8363 55.89 56.7215 0 4 0 68.6254 24.56 56.7215 1 2 2 68.8453 73.82 56.7215 2 1 2 68.8453 126.88 56.7215 0 3 2 73.6535 89.81 56.7215 0 4 1 74.0858 33.32 56.7215 2 3 0 75.8004 125.85 56.7215 3 2 0 75.8004 634.42 56.7215 1 4 0 80.4529 43.47 56.7215 4 1 0 80.4529 30.88 56.7215 2 2 2 80.6606 122.43 56.7215 2 3 1 81.0812 258.8 56.7215 3 2 1 81.0812 323.28 56.7215 0 1 3 81.4958 98.93 56.7215 1 3 2 82.9601 101.41 56.7215 3 1 2 82.9601 94.54 56.7215 1 4 1 85.6648 45.29 56.7215 4 1 1 85.6648 39.04 56.7215 1 1 3 86.0756 76.22 56.7215 0 2 3 88.3543 92.23 56.7215 0 5 0 89.6004 24.79 56.7215 0 4 2 89.8053 47.15 56.7215 3 3 0 94.1557 507.92 56.7215 0 5 1 94.7778 37.11 56.7215 1 2 3 95.1892 72.92 56.7215 2 1 3 95.1892 107.1 56.7215 2 4 0 96.4415 93 56.7215 4 2 0 96.4415 90.56 56.7215 2 3 2 96.6478 278.16 56.7215 3 2 2 96.6478 193.2 56.7215 3 3 1 99.3656 1942.63 56.7215 0 3 3 99.7812 194.62 56.7215 1 4 2 101.2568 71.72 56.7215 4 1 2 101.2568 64.61 56.7215 2 4 1 101.6806 92.71 56.7215 4 2 1 101.6806 98.25 56.7215 1 5 0 103.3767 34.3 56.7215 5 1 0 103.3767 27.23 56.7215

2 2 3 106.8011 90.41 56.7215 1 5 1 108.7608 38.27 56.7215 5 1 1 108.7608 32.24 56.7215 1 3 3 109.1942 87.49 56.7215 3 1 3 109.1942 112.19 56.7215 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 144.04 (252.68) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 56.7215 (0.0564) %%

Appendix 13: CeO 2 Size-Strain Analysis from Fullprof : h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 1 28.5481 43.43 14.4515 2 0 0 33.0822 40.42 14.4515 2 2 0 47.4856 41.96 14.4515 3 1 1 56.3449 43.85 14.4515 2 2 2 59.0918 43.43 14.4515 4 0 0 69.4177 40.42 14.4515 3 3 1 76.7048 42.66 14.4515 4 2 0 79.0799 43.05 14.4515 4 2 2 88.434 44.09 14.4515 3 3 3 95.4085 43.43 14.4515 5 1 1 95.4085 42.38 14.4515 4 4 0 107.2713 41.96 14.4515 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 42.59 (1.17) Å

Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 14.4515 (0.0063) %% Appendix 13: Gd 2 O 3 h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 0 11.5885 27.51 52.8891 2 0 0 16.4168 25.26 52.8891 2 1 1 20.1412 28.68 52.8891 2 2 0 23.2977 27.51 52.8891 1 3 0 26.0934 26.26 52.8891 3 1 0 26.0934 23.49 52.8891 2 2 2 28.6346 34.93 52.8891 2 3 1 30.9842 29.47 52.8891 3 2 1 30.9842 27.28 52.8891 4 0 0 33.1832 25.26 52.8891 3 3 0 35.26 27.51 52.8891 4 1 1 35.26 24.97 52.8891 2 4 0 37.2354 27.45 52.8891 4 2 0 37.2354 23.58 52.8891 3 3 2 39.1249 33.02 52.8891 4 2 2 40.9408 28.68 52.8891 1 5 0 42.6925 25.58 52.8891

3 4 1 42.6925 29.23 52.8891 4 3 1 42.6925 26.9 52.8891 5 1 0 42.6925 24.27 52.8891 2 5 1 46.0338 26.52 52.8891 5 2 1 46.0338 24.27 52.8891 4 4 0 47.6351 27.51 52.8891 3 5 0 49.1966 28.06 52.8891 4 3 3 49.1966 33.46 52.8891 5 3 0 49.1966 24.19 52.8891 4 4 2 50.7222 31.08 52.8891 6 0 0 50.7222 25.26 52.8891 3 5 2 52.2152 29.34 52.8891 5 3 2 52.2152 27.79 52.8891 6 1 1 52.2152 24.87 52.8891 2 6 0 53.6787 26.26 52.8891 6 2 0 53.6787 23.49 52.8891 4 5 1 55.1152 28.94 52.8891 5 4 1 55.1152 26.83 52.8891 6 2 2 56.527 25.68 52.8891 3 6 1 57.9162 27.48 52.8891 6 3 1 57.9162 24.26 52.8891 4 4 4 59.2845 34.93 52.8891 1 7 0 60.6337 25.42 52.8891 4 5 3 60.6337 32.57 52.8891 5 4 3 60.6337 32.05 52.8891 5 5 0 60.6337 27.51 52.8891 7 1 0 60.6337 24.68 52.8891 4 6 0 61.9653 28.31 52.8891 6 4 0 61.9653 24.74 52.8891 2 7 1 63.2806 25.67 52.8891 5 5 2 63.2806 29.92 52.8891 6 3 3 63.2806 28.68 52.8891 7 2 1 63.2806 24.09 52.8891 4 6 2 64.5808 29.47 52.8891 6 4 2 64.5808 27.28 52.8891 3 7 0 65.8672 26.93 52.8891 7 3 0 65.8672 23.39 52.8891 3 7 2 68.4025 26.82 52.8891 5 6 1 68.4025 28.7 52.8891 6 5 1 68.4025 26.84 52.8891 7 3 2 68.4025 25.23 52.8891 8 0 0 69.6533 25.26 52.8891 4 7 1 70.8941 28.01 52.8891 5 5 4 70.8941 34.22 52.8891 7 4 1 70.8941 24.49 52.8891

8 1 1 70.8941 24.97 52.8891 2 8 0 72.1256 25.79 52.8891 6 4 4 72.1256 32.16 52.8891 8 2 0 72.1256 23.92 52.8891 5 6 3 73.3487 31.6 52.8891 6 5 3 73.3487 30.76 52.8891 6 6 0 74.564 27.51 52.8891 8 2 2 74.564 24.97 52.8891 3 8 1 75.7722 26.4 52.8891 4 7 3 75.7722 29.2 52.8891 5 7 0 75.7722 28.4 52.8891 7 4 3 75.7722 28.04 52.8891 7 5 0 75.7722 25.17 52.8891 8 3 1 75.7722 23.74 52.8891 6 6 2 76.974 29.23 52.8891 5 7 2 78.1699 29.38 52.8891 7 5 2 78.1699 27.02 52.8891 4 8 0 79.3607 27.45 52.8891 8 4 0 79.3607 23.58 52.8891 1 9 0 80.5469 25.35 52.8891 8 3 3 80.5469 26.26 52.8891 9 1 0 80.5469 24.89 52.8891 4 8 2 81.7289 27.58 52.8891 8 4 2 81.7289 25.08 52.8891 2 9 1 82.9075 25.41 52.8891 6 5 5 82.9075 34.33 52.8891 6 7 1 82.9075 28.52 52.8891 7 6 1 82.9075 26.89 52.8891 9 2 1 82.9075 24.3 52.8891 6 6 4 84.083 33.02 52.8891 3 9 0 85.256 26.26 52.8891 5 7 4 85.256 31.84 52.8891 5 8 1 85.256 28.3 52.8891 7 5 4 85.256 31.23 52.8891 8 5 1 85.256 24.77 52.8891 9 3 0 85.256 23.49 52.8891 3 9 2 87.5966 25.82 52.8891 6 7 3 87.5966 30.82 52.8891 7 6 3 87.5966 29.85 52.8891 9 3 2 87.5966 24.5 52.8891 8 4 4 88.7652 28.68 52.8891 4 9 1 89.9332 27 52.8891 5 8 3 89.9332 29.42 52.8891 7 7 0 89.9332 27.51 52.8891 8 5 3 89.9332 27.58 52.8891

9 4 1 89.9332 23.7 52.8891 6 8 0 91.1012 28.41 52.8891 8 6 0 91.1012 25.51 52.8891 10 0 0 91.1012 25.26 52.8891 7 7 2 92.2697 28.79 52.8891 10 1 1 92.2697 25.05 52.8891 2 10 0 93.4391 25.58 52.8891 6 8 2 93.4391 29.23 52.8891 8 6 2 93.4391 26.9 52.8891 10 2 0 93.4391 24.27 52.8891 4 9 3 94.6099 27.1 52.8891 5 9 0 94.6099 27.81 52.8891 9 4 3 94.6099 25.9 52.8891 9 5 0 94.6099 23.88 52.8891 6 6 6 95.7827 34.93 52.8891 10 2 2 95.7827 24.85 52.8891 3 10 1 96.9579 25.9 52.8891 5 9 2 96.9579 28.06 52.8891 6 7 5 96.9579 33.73 52.8891 7 6 5 96.9579 33.54 52.8891 9 5 2 96.9579 25.08 52.8891 10 3 1 96.9579 23.83 52.8891 7 7 4 99.3177 31.93 52.8891 7 8 1 99.3177 28.39 52.8891 8 5 5 99.3177 31.36 52.8891 8 7 1 99.3177 26.93 52.8891 4 10 0 100.5034 26.72 52.8891 6 8 4 100.5034 31.39 52.8891 8 6 4 100.5034 30.37 52.8891 10 4 0 100.5034 23.37 52.8891 6 9 1 101.6936 28.44 52.8891 9 6 1 101.6936 25.04 52.8891 10 3 3 101.6936 25.32 52.8891 4 10 2 102.889 26.52 52.8891 10 4 2 102.889 24.27 52.8891 1 11 0 104.0901 25.32 52.8891 5 9 4 104.0901 29.11 52.8891 7 8 3 104.0901 30.22 52.8891 8 7 3 104.0901 29.22 52.8891 9 5 4 104.0901 28.19 52.8891 11 1 0 104.0901 25.01 52.8891 2 11 1 106.512 25.32 52.8891 5 10 1 106.512 27.45 52.8891 6 9 3 106.512 29.47 52.8891 9 6 3 106.512 27.28 52.8891

10 5 1 106.512 23.83 52.8891 11 2 1 106.512 24.51 52.8891 8 8 0 107.7341 27.51 52.8891 3 11 0 108.9646 25.9 52.8891 7 9 0 108.9646 28.39 52.8891 9 7 0 108.9646 25.76 52.8891 11 3 0 108.9646 23.78 52.8891 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 27.35 (2.79) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 52.8891 (0.0881) %%

Appendix 13: Eu 2 O 3 h k l 2θ App-size Å Max-strain %% 1 1 0 11.5349 36.19 124.6118 2 0 0 16.3405 36.19 124.6118 2 1 1 20.0473 36.19 124.6118 2 2 0 23.1887 36.19 124.6118 1 3 0 25.9709 36.19 124.6118 3 1 0 25.9709 36.19 124.6118 2 2 2 28.4997 36.19 124.6118 2 3 1 30.8377 36.19 124.6118 3 2 1 30.8377 36.19 124.6118 4 0 0 33.0257 36.19 124.6118 3 3 0 35.0921 36.19 124.6118 4 1 1 35.0921 36.19 124.6118 2 4 0 37.0574 36.19 124.6118 4 2 0 37.0574 36.19 124.6118 3 3 2 38.9372 36.19 124.6118 4 2 2 40.7435 36.19 124.6118 1 5 0 42.486 36.19 124.6118

3 4 1 42.486 36.19 124.6118 4 3 1 42.486 36.19 124.6118 5 1 0 42.486 36.19 124.6118 2 5 1 45.8093 36.19 124.6118 5 2 1 45.8093 36.19 124.6118 4 4 0 47.4019 36.19 124.6118 3 5 0 48.9547 36.19 124.6118 4 3 3 48.9547 36.19 124.6118 5 3 0 48.9547 36.19 124.6118 4 4 2 50.4718 36.19 124.6118 6 0 0 50.4718 36.19 124.6118 3 5 2 51.9564 36.19 124.6118 5 3 2 51.9564 36.19 124.6118 6 1 1 51.9564 36.19 124.6118 2 6 0 53.4114 36.19 124.6118 6 2 0 53.4114 36.19 124.6118 4 5 1 54.8396 36.19 124.6118 5 4 1 54.8396 36.19 124.6118 6 2 2 56.243 36.19 124.6118 3 6 1 57.6239 36.19 124.6118 6 3 1 57.6239 36.19 124.6118 4 4 4 58.984 36.19 124.6118 1 7 0 60.3249 36.19 124.6118 4 5 3 60.3249 36.19 124.6118 5 4 3 60.3249 36.19 124.6118 5 5 0 60.3249 36.19 124.6118 7 1 0 60.3249 36.19 124.6118 4 6 0 61.6482 36.19 124.6118 6 4 0 61.6482 36.19 124.6118 2 7 1 62.9552 36.19 124.6118 5 5 2 62.9552 36.19 124.6118 6 3 3 62.9552 36.19 124.6118 7 2 1 62.9552 36.19 124.6118 4 6 2 64.2471 36.19 124.6118 6 4 2 64.2471 36.19 124.6118 3 7 0 65.5251 36.19 124.6118 7 3 0 65.5251 36.19 124.6118 3 7 2 68.0436 36.19 124.6118 5 6 1 68.0436 36.19 124.6118 6 5 1 68.0436 36.19 124.6118 7 3 2 68.0436 36.19 124.6118 8 0 0 69.286 36.19 124.6118 4 7 1 70.5182 36.19 124.6118 5 5 4 70.5182 36.19 124.6118 7 4 1 70.5182 36.19 124.6118

8 1 1 70.5182 36.19 124.6118 2 8 0 71.7412 36.19 124.6118 6 4 4 71.7412 36.19 124.6118 8 2 0 71.7412 36.19 124.6118 5 6 3 72.9556 36.19 124.6118 6 5 3 72.9556 36.19 124.6118 6 6 0 74.1621 36.19 124.6118 8 2 2 74.1621 36.19 124.6118 3 8 1 75.3615 36.19 124.6118 4 7 3 75.3615 36.19 124.6118 5 7 0 75.3615 36.19 124.6118 7 4 3 75.3615 36.19 124.6118 7 5 0 75.3615 36.19 124.6118 8 3 1 75.3615 36.19 124.6118 6 6 2 76.5543 36.19 124.6118 5 7 2 77.7413 36.19 124.6118 7 5 2 77.7413 36.19 124.6118 4 8 0 78.9229 36.19 124.6118 8 4 0 78.9229 36.19 124.6118 1 9 0 80.0998 36.19 124.6118 8 3 3 80.0998 36.19 124.6118 9 1 0 80.0998 36.19 124.6118 4 8 2 81.2724 36.19 124.6118 8 4 2 81.2724 36.19 124.6118 2 9 1 82.4414 36.19 124.6118 6 5 5 82.4414 36.19 124.6118 6 7 1 82.4414 36.19 124.6118 7 6 1 82.4414 36.19 124.6118 9 2 1 82.4414 36.19 124.6118 6 6 4 83.6073 36.19 124.6118 3 9 0 84.7705 36.19 124.6118 5 7 4 84.7705 36.19 124.6118 5 8 1 84.7705 36.19 124.6118 7 5 4 84.7705 36.19 124.6118 8 5 1 84.7705 36.19 124.6118 9 3 0 84.7705 36.19 124.6118 3 9 2 87.0909 36.19 124.6118 6 7 3 87.0909 36.19 124.6118 7 6 3 87.0909 36.19 124.6118 9 3 2 87.0909 36.19 124.6118 8 4 4 88.249 36.19 124.6118 4 9 1 89.4065 36.19 124.6118 5 8 3 89.4065 36.19 124.6118 7 7 0 89.4065 36.19 124.6118 8 5 3 89.4065 36.19 124.6118

9 4 1 89.4065 36.19 124.6118 6 8 0 90.5637 36.19 124.6118 8 6 0 90.5637 36.19 124.6118 0 0 0 90.5637 36.19 124.6118 7 7 2 91.7211 36.19 124.6118 0 1 1 91.7211 36.19 124.6118 2 10 0 92.8793 36.19 124.6118 6 8 2 92.8793 36.19 124.6118 8 6 2 92.8793 36.19 124.6118 0 2 0 92.8793 36.19 124.6118 4 9 3 94.0386 36.19 124.6118 5 9 0 94.0386 36.19 124.6118 9 4 3 94.0386 36.19 124.6118 9 5 0 94.0386 36.19 124.6118 6 6 6 95.1996 36.19 124.6118 0 2 2 95.1996 36.19 124.6118 3 10 1 96.3627 36.19 124.6118 5 9 2 96.3627 36.19 124.6118 6 7 5 96.3627 36.19 124.6118 7 6 5 96.3627 36.19 124.6118 9 5 2 96.3627 36.19 124.6118 0 3 1 96.3627 36.19 124.6118 7 7 4 98.6974 36.19 124.6118 7 8 1 98.6974 36.19 124.6118 8 5 5 98.6974 36.19 124.6118 8 7 1 98.6974 36.19 124.6118 4 10 0 99.8699 36.19 124.6118 6 8 4 99.8699 36.19 124.6118 8 6 4 99.8699 36.19 124.6118 0 4 0 99.8699 36.19 124.6118 6 9 1 101.0467 36.19 124.6118 9 6 1 101.0467 36.19 124.6118 0 3 3 101.0467 36.19 124.6118 4 10 2 102.2282 36.19 124.6118 0 4 2 102.2282 36.19 124.6118 1 11 0 103.415 36.19 124.6118 5 9 4 103.415 36.19 124.6118 7 8 3 103.415 36.19 124.6118 8 7 3 103.415 36.19 124.6118 9 5 4 103.415 36.19 124.6118 1 1 0 103.415 36.19 124.6118 2 11 1 105.8069 36.19 124.6118 5 10 1 105.8069 36.19 124.6118 6 9 3 105.8069 36.19 124.6118 9 6 3 105.8069 36.19 124.6118

0 5 1 105.8069 36.19 124.6118 1 2 1 105.8069 36.19 124.6118 8 8 0 107.0132 36.19 124.6118 3 11 0 108.2274 36.19 124.6118 7 9 0 108.2274 36.19 124.6118 9 7 0 108.2274 36.19 124.6118 1 3 0 108.2274 36.19 124.6118 8 8 2 109.4501 36.19 124.6118 0 4 4 109.4501 36.19 124.6118 Average apparent size and standard deviation (anisotropy): 36.19 (0.05) Å Average maximum strain and standard deviation (anisotropy): 124.6115 (0.2473) %%