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ii.. (IPR) (ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC).ITU-R 1 1 http://www.itu.int/itu-r/go/patents/en. (http://www.itu.int/publ/r-rec/en ) ( ) () BO BR BS BT F M P RA RS S SA SF SM SNG TF V 2013 :.ITU-R 1 ITU 2013..(ITU)
1 (2012-2002)... ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( : - ) - / ( - -.1 1 2
2 1... (I/Q).. : : (MSK) (FSK PSK ASK) - (QAM) - (OFDM) - (TDMA) - (CDMA) - (C)OFDM(A) ( ) - (SC FDMA) -.(SC-FDE) - :. I/Q. I/Q :I/Q.. I/Q : : - - ( ) - : -
3 - - 1 (SNR) -.( / ) - : (VSA) (DSP) (ADC) (GPP) (FPGA) VSA.. I/Q VSA.. I/Q : :. - ) -.( I/Q. :..( ) (RMS) "". :. - - - ( ) -. - 1. 1
4... 1.. 1.. 1..
5 1 SM.1600-01 2...
6 2 TDMA DSSS CDMA SC-FDE SC-FDMA OFDM DSSS IFF QPSK BPSK OOK FSK FSK CPM QAM PSK ASK SQPSK pi/4dqpsk Pi/2DBPSK COFDM OFDM FSK FSK (CPM 1/h) 4 (QAM) A i I-Q F i F i (MPSK)M= N I-Q 4 2 / F i (PRF) ) (FSK
7 :. VSA. ( ).. 2..( ) ATSC (MHz 749 60 ).. 2 VSA SM.1600-02. 1 VSA. ( ) :.I/Q ( ) (PSK FSK GMSK QAM QPSK ) -.. - 2
8 :I/Q ( VSA : - - : - VSA. VSA..MHz 160 khz 1 : B.B ( ) khz 4 Hz 100 = B ( ) khz 45-15 = B 10 ) 3 (B). (%50 :. - (db 60 50 ) : - 14 4 MHz 20.. 2 (802.11ad 802.11ac) WLAN.GHz 2 MHz 160 2
9 3 khz 200 GSM MHz 1,25 CDMA (IS-95) (channel bonding @ 1xEx-DO Rev. B, C) MHz 1,25 CDMA2000 MHz 5 3GPP WCDMA MHz 5 3GPP TD-CDMA MHz 20 15 10 MHz 20 10 8,75 5 3 7 5 1,4 3GPP LTE 3,5 khz 150 khz 100 khz 50 khz 25 (IEEE 802.11b) MHz 22 (IEEE 802.11a,g) MHz 20 (IEEE 802.11n) MHz 40 MHz 20 (IEEE 802.11ac) MHz 80 MHz 40 MHz 20 MHz 1,728 MHz 5 MHz 6 MHz 8 7 6 5 MHz 1,536 WIMAX IEEE 802.16xxx TETRA WLAN & WIFI DECT ZigBee ATSC DVB-H T-DMB ( ) : VSA.. VSA.. :.( 4 3 ).. - -
10 3 SM.1600-03.I/Q. 4 ( /) SM.1600-04
11. IF :. VSA.I/Q RF.... VSA :. ( "" I/Q I/Q VSA.... : - - - -. I/Q : - 16 I/Q. (8)..FSK I/Q 5 114 (4,096 ) k 4..( ) I/Q. 61. 1 600 FSK - -
12 5 SM.1600-05. 1 600 FSK I/Q. ( ). 102. 114 1600 FSK.dB 11 khz 4,821...(16 QAM) 6..
13 6 SM.1600-06
14 UMTS GSM PMR 7. 7 E( x 2 ) 2 E( x 2 ) 2 E( x 4 ) 4 I/Q FSK2 Ind. 1 SNR 20 db "PMR like" GMSK Ind. 0.5 SNR 20 db "PMR like" O-QPSK Roll off 0.25 SNR 20 db "CDMA 2 000 UL like" QPSK Roll off 0.25 SNR 20 db "UMT S like" SM.1600-07 4.
15 (SNR) SNR : SNR : SNR SNR SNR 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) PSK CPM QAM FSK FSK MSK QAM PSK ( ) ( ) ( ) QAM PSK FSK ( ) CPM SQPSK π/4dqpsk π/2dbpsk SC-FDE SC-FDMA OFDM SQPSK ASK QAM PSK pi/4dqpsk pi/2dbpsk FSK A i (2 (2FSK) 2 = N) N F i (... 4 F i (4FSK) 4 2 =) N (1/h = N) N N - ( )
16 ( ) 4 (SNR) SNR (SNR) (SNR) (SNR) (SNR) (SNR) (SNR) (SNR) ASK QAM PSK π/4 DQPSK π/2 DBPSK SQPSK COFDM OFDM FSK FSK QAM PSK FSK CPM SC-FDE SC-FDMA OFDM CDMA TDMA OFDM SC-FDE SC-FDMA ) / ( (CMA) N=4 π/2dbpsk SQPSK N=2) Фi Fi N (π/4 DQPSK Ai Fi Фi F i F i F i I/Q Ai Fi Фi ( )
17. : - - - - -. -.... I/Q. I/Q.. - VSA I/Q ( 8. VSA -.VSA..... - 3
18 8 - VSA SM.1600-08. ). dbm 103,7 I/Q VSA.(FM. VSA I/Q (. VSA I/Q VSA.. (1 600) (FSK ) ( ) I/Q FSK 9."1" "0" ( ) - I/Q. ( ).. 3 000 -.
19 EVM. (EVM) "1" "0". EVM.. %1.. 3 000 695 "0" I/Q. 9 - VSA SM.1600-09
(16QAM V29) 20 10 : 10 16QAM V29 SM.1600-10 I/Q I/Q.. I/Q. (..(CW U/LSB FM AM). I/Q. 11 4
21. " ". 11 I/Q SM.1600-11 I/Q." ". ( ) / I/Q. (. "..PSK FSK "
22. POCSAG FLEX I/Q - (khz 12,5) (MHz 929,162) POCSAG. - (1 600) (FSK).FLEX. 12 SM.1600-12...2 (. :... : 5
23... ).( : (FDM) ) - (FDMA).( TETRAPOL NMT) (PMR) TDMA -.(PHS TETRA D-AMPS GSM) PMR TDMA/CDMA CDMA (PILOT) - 3GPP/UMTS).(3GPP2/CDMA2000 (PILOT) (PILOT) - SC-FDMA/SC-FDE COFDM OFDMA OFDM.(3GPP/LTE) (DVB-T/H DAB) :. :1. :2 ( " :...M-ray FSK GMSK M-ray QAM M-ray PSK 3..dB 5.0,968 db 5 ) "..([1].( ) )...( 3
24 :.. :.CAF (CAF) (SCF) (QPSK MSK PSK FSK ASK AM ).SCC SCF.([2] ).. I/Q.... 1024 256 128 APSK 16 8 PHP (PHS) PDC NADC GSM EDGE IEEE 802.11b HiperLAN1 (LBR) : VSA (GFSK ) 16 8 4 2 :FSK - 2 1 (GMSK ) :MSK - CPMBPSK - π/4 DQPSK D8PSK DQPSK OQPSK QPSK - π/8 D8PSK 3π/8 8PSK (EDGE) 8PSK - 512 256 128 64 32 16 :( ) QAM - 64 32 16 :(DVB ) QAM - 32 16 :Star QAM - :64 VSB 32 w/dvb 32 16 w/dvb 16 :APSK - :VSA CDPD () CDMA () CDMA : LTE Advanced LTE W-CDMA : HiperLAN1 (HBR) TM ZigBee 2 450 MHz ZigBee 915 MHz ZigBee 868 MHz (1 (2 6 - -
25 DVB 16APSK DVB256 DVB128 DVB64 DVB32 DVB16 DTV16 DTV8 TETRA DECT : DVB 32APSK : APCO-25 P2 (HDQPSK) APCO-25 P2 (HCPM) APCO 25.CPM (Option 21)> :MIL-STD 188-181C VDL mode 3 - - [1] PRAKASAM P. and MADHESWARAN M., Digital modulation identification model using wavelet transform and statistical parameters, Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications Volume 2008 (2008), Article ID 175236, 8 pagesdoi:10.1155/2008/175236 [2] HAO Hu, JUNDE Song, Signal Classification based on Spectral Correlation Analysis and SVM in Cognitive Radio, 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication and Yujing Wang, Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, Xidian University 2 GSM I/Q. (TDMA ) GSM (.GSM. ( )
26 13 I/Q GSMTS + <= 5 SM.1600-13 SC-FDE SC-FDMA OFDM ( OFDMA OFDM..CDMA SC-FDE.OFDM SC-FDE (O)FDMA OFDM.. OFDM. : OFDM ) :.(1/(2.TS) ( ) - :1
27 -. - τ = T S.( 14 ) 1/T S. :2 14 (C) OFDM T=T S + T g T g... FFT 1... 1/T S = T S T g SM.1600-14 (T S τ) τ () :( 14 ) T S τ ) T S - ( 1/(TS + Tg) -.T g :3
28 15 (C) OFDM 250 20 200 150 τ = 128/4 000 = 32 ms T S τ 0 100 (db) 20 1/( T + T) S g 50 0 40 0 50 100 150 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 * 1/4 000 s * 4 000/4 098 Hz ( ms 32 = τ ( 4 000 SM.1600-15 WCDMA. : WCDMA :1. MHz 3,84 3GPP/WCDMA. 3GPP/WCDMA ( 16. MHz 3,84.. : :2 (SCH) : :1.. : :2.. : :3 (CPICH).. (3GPP TS).25.214
29 WCDMA :3 CPICH :CPICH. 256 2 :QPSK. CCPCH (CCPCH). CPICH QPSK ( 16 ( 16 9 ) (3GPP/UMTS) WCDMA. ( (BS) 1.5 16 3GPP/WCDMA MHz 3,84 = WCDMA 10 6 X: 3.84e + 006 Y: 1.499e 006 ( 16 CCPCH CPICH ( 16 WCDMA ( ( ( 16 0.15 0.1 1 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 6 ( 0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 CCPCH ( SM.1600-16
30 ( 16 WCDMA CCPCH CPICH UMTS UMTS C-PICH P-SCH UMTS 9 B 9 122 P-CPICH = SCH SM.1600-16c