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1 PERIODICAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA 39 (5) : Sep., 2009 Ξ, ΞΞ (, ) :,, ;;, : ; ; ; ; : Q : A : (2009) [123 ], [425 ],, [122 ],,,, [6 ], [7 ] [8 ],, [3,9210 ] [9 ] [11 ], 1,, 10 20,,, ;2 cm ;5 15 cm [6,12 ] g 22. 3, g [13 ] An et al. (16,18,20,22 ) [15 ], 16,,SGR,,, SGR :16 ;22 [7 ] 50 g,10 20,20,, [14 ] 50 g, 10 20, [2 ],,,,,,, 15 2,18 2,21 2 3, [3 ], (15 2,18 2 ),(21 2 ) [14 ] 15, ( Y) ( X) : Y = X X X 3 Ξ ΞΞ : (2006BAD09A01) ; ( ) : ; : : (19752),,,, E2mail edu. cn : E2mail edu. cn

2 5, : 909 (R2 = , P < ), ; 18, ( Y) ( X) : Y = X X X 3 (R2 = , P < ), 1. 67,, An et al. (1), ,C, [15 ] 1 [15 ] Fig. 1 Different temperature fluctuation modes [15 ], [14216 ],,,, (18 2 ), (18 4 ) (18 6 ),,, ( H K),( P K), (SOD) (CA T) SOD, CA T,, [17 ],,,,, [10 ] 2, 5 :,,, 9,,11, 12,,4, 6,7 8, 8, [18 ],, 5 7 ( ) ,16 20 [18219 ] [20 ], 1 [21 ], (1 ) 13,,, 16,, 6,,,,, 18, 16 d ; 21 23, d, 18 (8. 8 %) 23,,1. 3 %21 23, % % [12 ] 30 1 h, 13 d ( 20 ) %,68. 6 %,23. 1 %,11. 1 %, %, %,,18. 4 %,, m,,

3 m, 3,, [22 ] Choe 4 :, ; [23 ], [24 ] 3. 1 Mitsukuri 7,,, [25226 ], (1),;,,,,, [28 ] ;,,, [14,28230 ] ;,< 1 mm26 40 d, 1. 5 %< 0. 2 % [8 ],, 1. 5 % 0. 5 % [8 ],, [31232 ] 1 Table 1 The threshold temperatures for aestivation in sea cucumber, A postichopus. japonicus Sites Body weight/ g Threshold temperature/ Reference Nanao Bay 20 Hokkaido, Miyagi, Aichi, Tokushima, Kagoshima [27 ] Dalian, Sea area [17 ] Dalian, Ineoor [14 ] , Penglai, Search area [28 ] > , Qingdao, Sea area 20 [4 ] Qingdao, Indoor, [8,29,33234 ], 20 % 50 % Ji et al , 5 g O 2 g - 1 h g O 2 g - 1 h - 1, d,, 5 g O 2 g - 1 h - 1 [8 ],,,,, %, % [7,33 ], ( ), ;,, [35 ] 16 26, SOD CA T [8 ],SOD CA T [8 ] (MPO) (L ZM), SOD CA T [22 ],,,, [36237 ], [38 ], ( ) Hsp,, Hsp, [8 ],. ().

4 5, : ,, [5,34 ] g 36 d %, 4, [39 ],,(5 g) h,1. 5 h 2 h, ( T L50 ) , [9 ], (30 ) 2 h, h 48 h 72 h, (34,2 h) 90 %,90 % %,, 2 d [9 ] (22 ) (12 ) 30 d,, T L50 (31. 8 ) (30. 9 ), [40 ] Hsp 30, Hsp70, 1 2 h,, 72 h Hsp70 [9 ],, Hsp70, hsp70 mrna [40 ] Hsp h, (20), Hsp, Hsp, [11 ] 5, : (1),,, ; (2),,,, ; (3),,,,,,,,, (,),, : [ 1 ],,,. [J ]., 2002, 33 (2) : [2 ],,,. [J ]., 2005, 12 (1) : [ 3 ] Dong Y W, Dong S L, Tian X L, et al. Effects of diel temperature fluctuation on growth, oxygen consumption and proximate body com2 position in the sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus Selenka [ J ]. Aquaculture, 2006, 255 : [ 4 ],. [J ]., 1999, 6 (3) : [5 ],. [J ]., 2008, 23 (1) : [ 6 ] Yang H S, Yuan X T, Zhou Y, et al. Effects of body size and water temperature on food consumption and growth in the sea cucumber A2 postichopus japonicus ( Selenka) with special reference to aestivation [J ]. Aquaculture Research, 2005, 36 : [ 7 ] An Z H, Dong Y W, Dong S L, Effects of high temperature and ration on the growth of juvenile sea cucumber japonicus (Selenka) [J ]. Aquaculture, 2007, 272 : A postichopus [ 8 ] Ji T T, Dong Y W, Dong S L, Growth and physiological responses in the sea cucumber, A postichopus japonicus Selenka : aestivation and temperature [J ]. Aquaculture, 2008, 283, [9 ] Dong Y W, Dong, S L, Induced thermotolerance and the ex2 pression of heat shock protein 70 in sea cucumber A postichopus japon2 icus Selenka [J ]. Fisheries Science, 74 : [10 ] Dong Y W, Dong S L, Ji T T. Effect of different thermal regimes on growth and physiological performance of the sea cucumber A pos2 tichopus japonicus Selenka [J ]. Aquaculture, 2008, 275 : [ 11 ] Dong Y W, Dong S L, Meng X L. Effects of thermal and osmotic stress on growth, osmoregulation and Hsp70 in sea cucumber ( A postichopus japonicus Selenka) [J ]. Aquaculture, 2008, 276 : [ 12 ],,,. [ M ]. :, [ 13 ],. [J ]., 2004, 23 (7) : [ 14 ] Dong Y W, Dong S L. Growth and oxygen consumption of the juve2 nile sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus ( Selenka) at constant and fluctuating water temperature [ J ]. Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37 :

5 [ 15 ] An, Z H, Dong Y W, Dong S L. A high2performance temperature control scheme : growth of sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus at different modes of diel temperature fluctuation [J ]. Aquaculture in2 ternational 2009, 17 ( 4 ) : , DOI / s [16 ],,. [J ]. :, 2008, 38 (5) : [17 ],,. [J ]. :, 2007, 37 (4) : [ 18 ],,,. [J ]..,1985,9 (4) : [19 ],,. [J ]., 2001, 16 (3) : [20 ] Tanaka Y. Seasonal changes in the gonad of S tichopus japonicus [J ]. Bull Fac Fish Hokkaido Univ, 1958, 9 : [ 21 ] Ito S. Studies on the Technological Development of the Mass Pro2 duction of Sea Cucumber J uvenile, Stichopus japonicus [J ]. Bull. Saga Prefect Sea Farming Cent, 1995, 4 : [22 ] Wang F Y, Yang H S, Gabr H R, et al. Immune condition of A2 postichopus japonicus during aestivation [ J ]. Aquaculture, 2008, 285 : [23 ] Choe S. Study of Sea Cucumber : morphology, Ecology and Propa2 gation of Sea Cucumber [ M ]. Tokyo : Kaibundo Publishing House, 1963, 219. [ 24 ],,,. [J ]., 2007, 31 (6) : [ 25 ] Mitsukuri K. Notes on the habits and life history of S tichopus japonicus Selenka [J ]. Annot Zool Japan, 1903, 5 : [26 ] Mitsukuri K. Studies on Actinopodous Holothurioidea [J ]. J Coll Sci, Imp Univ Tokyo. 1912, 29 : [27 ]. g gg [J ]., 1915, 10 (2) : [28 ],,,. ( A postichopus japonicus Se2 lenka) I [J ]., 1996, 3 (2) : [ 29 ] Yang H S, Zhou Y, Zhang T, et al. Metabolic characteristics of sea cucumber A postichopus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation [J ]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 2006, 330 : [30 ],,,. ( A postichopus japonicus Se2 lenka) 2 [J ]., 1996, 3 (2) : [31 ],,,. (Apostichopus japonicus) [J ]., 2006, 25 (4) : [ 32 ],. [J ]., 2007, 22 (2) : [ 33 ]. A postichopus japonicus ( Selenka) : [ D ]. :, [34 ]. ( A postichopus japonicus) : [D]. :, [35 ]. A postichopus japonicus : [D]. :, [36 ] Feder J H, Hofmann G E. Heat2shock protein, molecular chaper2 ones, and the stress responses : evolutionary and ecological physiology [J ]. Annual Review of Physiology, 1999, 61 : [ 37 ],,. [J ]. :, 2008, 38 (1) : [38 ] Dong Y W, Dong S L, Ji T T, Stress responses to acute tempera2 ture changes in the juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Se2 lenka) [ J ]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2007, 6 ( 3) : [ 39 ] Hochachka P W, Somero G N. Biochemical Adaptation : Mechanism and Process in Physiological Evolution [ M ]. Oxford University Press US [ 40 ] Meng X L, Ji T T, Dong Y W, et al. Thermal resistance in sea cu2 cumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus) with differing thermal history : The role of Hsp70 [J ]. Aquaculture, 2009, 294 (324) : doi : / j. aquaculture Advance s of Ecological Physiology in Sea Cucumber, Apo stichopus J aponicus Selenka DON G Yun2Wei, DON G Shuang2Lin ( Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao , China) Abstract : We reviewed the recent advances in the physiological ecology of sea cucumber, A postichopus japon2 icus, and focused on the effects of temperature on the growth, development and reproduction and the biochemi2 cal and physiological adaptations of the sea cucumber to extreme temperatures, e. g. the effect of temperature fluct uations on t he growt h of sea cucumber and related mechanisms, t he behavioral and physiological perfor2 mances of the sea cucumber during aestivation, the effect of thermal history on the thermal limits of the sea cu2 cumber. A preliminary discussion about t he development of t hermal physiological ecology in t he sea cucumber is also presented in t he present paper. Key words : sea cucumber ; A postichopus japonicus ; ecological physiology ; ecological adaptation