A System Dynamics Model on Multiple2Echelon Control

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1 : (2007) , 1, 1, 2 (11, ;21, ) :..,,.,.,. : ;;; : TP39119 : A A System Dynamics Model on Multiple2Echelon Control YANG Tian2jian 1, LV Ting2jie 1, ZHANG Xiao2hang 1, ZHAO Yan2bin 2 (11Economics and Management School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing , China ; 21Beijing Hydraulic Research Institute, Beijing ,China) Abstract : VMI(Vendor Management Inventory) is divided into two types :VMI based on push inventory control and VMI based on pull inventory control. The traditional supply chains,push2vmi and pull2vmi are modeled and simulated with system dynamics tools. And some traditional constraints on Dispatch Centers are loosened, such as unlimited capacity,and inventory management methods of Dispatch Centers based on VMI are led into the model. After the simulation,many data including retailer inventory fluctuation diagram, bullwhip insight and the total cost fluctuation diagram are achieved. In terms of these comparable data,the push2vmi outperforms the other two is concluded. And that the stock and manufacture policy also play an important role in deducing the bullwhip besides the accumulative lead time is concluded. Key words : multiple2echelon control ; supply chain ; system dynamics ; bullwhip 1. [1 ] ;,;;.,,, [2 ].,, [2 ], 2,..,, Petri, [2 ].,,, [2,3 ].,, : : (F ) :( ),,,,,.

2 ,,,,,,..,, Petri,,,Petri,,,, Petri, Petri,..,.,,, (VMI)., ;,,. (VMI) (pull2vmi) (push2vmi),. [ 4 ] VMI,,. 2 Disney et (1997),Mason2Jones(1997) Disney(2003),Martha C. Wilson (2006) VMI., [5 ] ;,. Ithink510, :(stock) (flow) (converter) (connector), 1.,. ithink, 5, 1.,, ;, ;, ; t f,, ; 1 ;I,, t i ; N i ( D i, i ), ( i = 1,2,, I) ; (),, r ROP i, ( i = 1,2,, I) Q 3 i ; SL i ( i = 1,2,, I),SS i = f ( SL i SL f 2., i ) ;, factory backlog retail backlog, ;ordering at retail, ordering with factory r discharge, f discharge. ordering at retail

3 9 109, customer demand pattern, N i ( D i, i ), ( i = 1,2,, I), 2. (), shipping to retail ( shipping to customer).,(r effective inventory) (r ROP), ( r inventory correction ),ordering with factory.,( F production process ) (f ROP). (f effective inventory) (Lot size) (f inventory correction), (F production process)., (F production process) (Factory (Retail inventory) (customer), 2. inventory) (in transit to retail) 2 (, ) (Pull2VMI),,, I. 3, ( ordering at retail) ( ordering with factory),48,;,,3. (Push2VMI),,. t f,, t f,;, 3

4 ,, (4 f desired inventory ),,f correction fraction ;, , DANIMO, [6 ]. :,, N (20,3) ;5 ;,0199,0195,0190,0185, 0180,;0199, ;5 80,40,50,20,100, ;0 2 4,, 2,, ;,,. 120, : 311 5a,,., 175,2 350, ;, 0199., :,. 5b,,.,., 9715,7714,5315,4915,3514,,,.,,,,,1),2)., ;, ;,, 100 %.,, 20, 4,8,12,16,20, 40 8,16,24,32,40., VMI,

5 , 3 shipping to retail. 6 20,5,,514426,814623,12122,16137,18101 ; ,.,,. 5c,,, 70,55,3715,30,20..,,,. 312

6 (, ) Chen [7 ] Disney [8 ], = OΠ 2 D NSΠ 2 D,. 2 O, 2 D, 2 NS ( ), ( ). 7a,,.,0600, 01200,,., 65. 7b ( ) ( ),,,.,350 ;,,., 37. 7c () ( ).,280, 25 %,., 213.,,,,VMI VMI,. 313,, 8a. ;120, 10,.,;, 8.,, (8b) 2000 ;(8c) 950,50 % ; (8d) 900,,

7 ( ). 4. 9,2 1,. 9 5b 7b,.,. 1. Push2VMI. 9 Pull2VMI (, ) 1 (120 ) = = ,2 1, a 10b

8 a 7a,,, (120 ) = = (, ),.,,.,. 5,. (VMI),,.,:1),, ; 2), ;3) Takamichi Stephen,, [9 ].,,.. 1),;. 2),,. 3). 4),. : [1 ]. [M]. :,2005. Zhang Xiaoping. Simulation Theory and Application of Logistics System[M]. Beijing :China Logistics Publishing House,2005. (141 )

9 9 141 Lin F Y. The structural theory of general systems [ C]ΠΠXu G Z, et al. The Study of Systems Science and Engineering. Shanghai : Shanghai Publishing House of Science and Education, 2000 : [10 ],. [J ]., 2002, 23 (4). Lin F Y, Liu R H. The study of the natural law from simplicity to complexity in complexity science and its result [J ]. Magazine of Nature, 2002, 23 (4). [11 ],. [J ].,2002,22 (10). Zhang Q R, Lin F Y. The study of the origin of complexity in complexity science and its result [J ]. Systems Engineering - & Practice, 2002, 22 (10) [12 ]. [M]. :, Lin F Y. The Structural Theory of General Systems [M]. Guangzhou : Publishing House of Jinan University, Theory (114 ) [2 ],. [J ].,2003,15 (3) : Zhu Weifeng, Fei Qi. Simulation of complex logistics and its research status[j ]. Journal of System Simulation,2003,15 (3) : [3 ],,,. [J ]., 2005,31 (6) :8-15. Zhang Libo, Han Yuqi, Chen Jie,et al. A review : the application of system dynamics in supply chain management [J ]. Systems Engineering,2005,31 (6) :8-15. [4 ],,. VMI [J ].,2006,23 (2) : Sun Binfeng, Lv Xiongwei, Li Jun. Research on order point of distribute center based on VMI [ J ]. Application Research of Computers,2006,23 (2) : [5] Martha C. Wilson. The impact of transportation disruptions on supply chain performance [J ]. Transportation Research Part E, 2007, 43 (2) : [6 ]. [M]. :,1988. Wang Zhenjiang. Introduction to the System Dynamics[M]. Shanghai :Shanghai Science & Technology Literature Press, [7 ] Chen Y F, Drezner Z, Ryan J K,et al. Quantifying the bullwhip effect in a simple supply chain : The impact of forecasting,lead times,and information[j ]. Management Science,2000,46 (3) : [8 ] Disney S M, Towill D R. On the bullwhip and inventory variance produced by an ordering policy [J ]. International Journal of Management Science,2003,31 (3) : [9 ] Takamichi Hosoda, Stephen M. Disney. On variance amplification in a three2echelon supply chain with minimum mean square error forecasting[j ]. The International Journal of Management Science,2006,34 (4) :

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